单词 | 作品 |
释义 | 〔Herne〕American playwright noted for his realistic works, especiallyMargaret Fleming (1890). 赫恩,詹姆斯A.:(1839-1901) 美国剧作家,以现实主义作品闻名,尤以《玛格丽特·弗莱明》 (1890年)著名 〔Gershwin〕American composer who brought jazz idiom to classical music forms in his orchestral works, such asRhapsody in Blue (1924), and composed the scores for many musical comedies. His collaborations with his brother, lyricist Ira Gershwin (1896-1983), include the popular song "Fascinatin' Rhythm" (1924) and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935). 格什温,乔治:(1898-1937) 美国作曲家,在其管弦乐作品如《蓝色狂想曲》 (1924年)中,他把爵士乐风格带入古典音乐,并为许多音乐喜剧谱曲。他和他的哥哥——抒情诗人 艾拉·格什温 (1896-1983年)的合著,包括流行歌曲“迷人的诗”(1924年)和戏剧 《钉头鱼和贝丝》 (1935年) 〔Jewett〕American writer noted for novels and stories concerning her native Maine.The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896) is considered her finest work. 朱艾特,撒拉·奥恩:(1849-1909) 美国作家,以涉及她的家乡——缅因州的小说和故事而著名。《尖尖的枞树之乡》 (1896年)被评为是她最好的作品 〔Walter〕German conductor noted for his interpretations of Mozart and Mahler.沃尔特,布鲁诺:(1876-1962) 德国乐曲指挥家,以其对莫扎特和马勒的作品的演绎而闻名〔Tiepolo〕Italian painter. With his command of perspective, light, color, and composition, he produced a large body of secular and ecclesiastical works, includingThe Banquet of Cleopatra and The Martyrdom of Saint Agatha (both 1750). 泰波罗,乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯特:(1696-1770) 意大利画家,他对透视、光线、色彩和构图有杰出的掌握,创作了一大批世俗和宗教作品,其中有《克利奥帕特拉的宴会》 和 《圣阿加莎的殉道》 (同为1750年) 〔Nast〕German-born American editorial cartoonist whose caricatures inHarper's Weekly contributed to the downfall of the Tweed Ring in New York City. He also established the donkey and the elephant as symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties. 纳斯特,托马斯:(1840-1902) 德裔美国社论卡通画家,他刊登在《哈泼周刊》 上的作品对特威德集团在纽约市的垮台很有影响。他还曾创作象征共和党的大象和民主党的毛驴形象 〔oeuvre〕The sum of the lifework of an artist, a writer, or a composer.全部作品:一个艺术家、作家或作曲家一生作品的总数〔premise〕Why do we call a single buildingthe premises ? To answer this question,we must go back to the Middle Ages.But first, let it be noted thatpremises comes from the past participle praemissa, which is both a feminine singular and a neuter plural form of the Latin verbpraemittere, "to send in advance, utter by way of preface, place in front, prefix.” In Medieval Latin the feminine formpraemissa was used as a term in logic, for which we still use the termpremise descended from the Medieval Latin word (first recorded in a work composed before 1380).Medieval Latinpraemissa in the plural meant "things mentioned before" and was used in legal documents, almost always in the plural,a use that was followed in Old French and Middle English, both of which borrowed the word from Latin.A more specific legal sense in Middle English,"that property, collectively, which is specified in the beginning of a legal document and which is conveyed, as by grant,”was also always in the plural in Middle English and later Modern English.And so it remained when this sense was extended to mean "a house or building with its grounds or appurtenances,”a usage first recorded before 1730.为什么我们把单独的一幢建筑称为the premises ? 为了回答这个问题,我们必须回到中世纪。但首先必须注意的是premises 是从过去式 praemissa 而来的, 这是意思为“预先发送,以前言的方式说出,放在前边,前缀”的拉丁动词praemittere 的阴性单数形式及中性复数形式。 在中世纪拉丁语中,praemissa 作为阴性形式被用作逻辑状语, 因此我们仍然使用这个来源于中世纪拉丁语的术语premise (第一次记载于1380年前编纂的作品中)。中世纪拉丁语praemissa 的复数形式意为“前面提到的事物”, 用于法律文件并总是以复数形式出现,古法语和中古英语中都从拉丁语中借用了这个词及其用法。中古英语中有一种更特殊的法律方面的意义,“法律文件开头指明并根据转让的财产,如通过赠送”,在中世纪英语和后来的现代英语中也是以复数形式使用。因此当它的意思被扩展为“连同其土地及设施一所房子或一幢建筑”时仍保留这一用法,该用法最初记载于1730年前。〔quintet〕A composition for five voices or instruments.五重唱、五重奏:五声部演唱或五种乐器演奏的作品〔Holst〕English composer whose works include the orchestral suiteThe Planets (1914-1916) and many songs and choral pieces. 赫斯特,古斯塔夫·里奥朵:英国作曲家,其作品包括管弦乐组曲《行星》 (1914年至1916年)、许多歌曲及圣歌作品 〔Ravel〕French composer of impressionistic operas, ballets, orchestral works, such asBoléro (1928), and piano works, including Le Tombeau de Couperin (1917). 拉威尔,莫里斯·约瑟夫:(1875-1937) 法国作曲家,创作印象主义歌剧,芭蕾舞和交响乐作品,例如《波莱罗》 (1928年)以及钢琴曲,包括 《在库伯兰悼墓前》 (1917年) 〔Simms〕American writer noted especially for his historical novels, includingGuy Rivers (1834) and Beauchampe (1842). 西姆斯,威廉·吉尔摩:(1806-1870) 美国作家,尤以其历史小说著名,作品有《盖里佛斯》 (1834年)和 《波尚》 (1842年) 〔pianissimo〕A part of a composition played very softly or quietly.非常轻地演奏的乐段:非常轻柔或安静地演奏的作品部分〔content〕The meaning or significance of a literary or artistic work.含义:文学或艺品作品中的含义或意义〔Vonnegut〕American writer whose works show compassion and humor in the midst of the violence and alienation of modern life. His novels includeCat's Cradle (1963) and Slaughterhouse Five (1969). 冯内古特,小库尔特:(生于 1922) 美国作家,作品在现代生活的暴力和变异中显示同情和幽默。他的小说包括《猫的摇篮》 (1963年)和 《五号屠宰场》 (1969年) 〔passage〕A segment of a written work or speech:一段,一节:书面作品或演讲的一部分:〔Orwellian〕Of, relating to, or evocative of the works of George Orwell, especially the satirical novel1984, which depicts a futuristic totalitarian state. 乔治·奥威尔的作品的:属于或关于乔治·奥威尔的作品的或由乔治·奥威尔的作品联想到的,尤指其描绘未来极权主义国家的讽刺小说,如一九八四 〔Hemingway〕American writer. A World War I ambulance driver, journalist, adventurer, and expatriate in Paris during the 1920's, he wrote short stories and novels, such asThe Sun Also Rises (1926), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and the Sea (1952), that concern courageous, lonely characters and are marked by his terse literary style. He won the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature. 海明威,欧内斯特·米勒:(1899-1961) 美国作家。第一次世界大战期间先后做过救护车司机、新闻记者、探险家和被驱逐者,本世纪20年代移居巴黎从事短篇小说和小说的写作,作品有《太阳照样升起》 (1926年), 《表钟为谁鸣》 (1940年),及 《老人与海》 (1952年)等,作品大都描写英勇无畏而孤独的人物,带有精炼的文学风格。他1954年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔Chirico〕Italian painter whose works are characterized by deep shadow and perspective, barren landscapes, and elements of classical architecture and sculpture.基里科,乔吉奥·德:(1888-1978) 意大利画家,作品以很暗的阴影、透视的荒凉风光以及古典主义建筑和雕塑因素为特征〔perspicuity〕"He was at pains to insist on the perspicuity of what he wrote"(Lionel Trilling)“他努力坚持作品的清楚明晰”(赖恩内尔·特里林)〔thusly〕Thusly was introduced in the 19th century as an alternative for thus in sentences such asHold it thus or He put it thus. The increasingly literary character of such uses ofthus may have facilitated coinage of the new adverbthusly, particularly by poorly educated speakers who were straining for a stylish effect.Early citations for the word indicate clear association with rustic or illiterate speech,and though the word has subsequently gained some currency in educated usage,it is still widely regarded as incorrect.In an earlier surveythe use of the word was judged unacceptable by a large majority of the Usage Panel.In formal writingthus can still be used as in the examples above; in other styles,expressions such asthis way and like this are more natural. Thusly 在19世纪时被作为 thus 的替代语使用, 如用在 Hold it thus 或 He put it thus 等句中。 thus 这些用法日益具有书面语的特点, 这可能促成了一个新的副词thusly 的产生, 这对那些受教育程度不高但又尽量追求文采的人尤其有用。这个词的早期引用清楚地表明了它与乡村或文盲语言的联系,尽管后来它在受教育的人中得以一定传播,但仍被普便认为是一种不正确的用法。早期进行的一次调查中,用法委员会小组绝大多数都认为这个词的使用是不能接受的。在正式的文字中,thus 这个词仍然能用于上面所举的例子; 在其它风格的作品中,this way 和 like this 等表达方式更为普遍 〔Chapman〕American writer best known for his essays. His works includeEmerson and Other Essays (1898) and New Horizons in American Life (1932). 查普曼,约翰·杰伊:(1862-1933) 美国作家,以其短文最为著名。作品有《爱默生选集》 (1898年)及 《美国人生活的新天地》 (1932年) 〔Grey〕American writer of Western adventure novels, includingRiders of the Purple Sage (1912). 格雷,赞:(1875-1939) 美国西部历险小说作家,作品有《紫艾丛中的骑士》 (1912年) 〔overture〕An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio.器乐前奏曲:一种器乐乐曲,尤被用作长作品(如一部歌剧或圣乐的导言部分)〔fraction〕One might think that a word likefraction as well as its ancestors might have always referred to the mathematical fraction. Certainly the mathematical notion of a fraction was known to the Babylonians, perhaps as early as 2000b.c. But our wordfraction goes back only to the Latin word frangere, "to break.” From the stem of the past participlefrāctus is derived Late Latin frāctiō, "a breaking" or "a breaking in pieces,”as in the breaking of the Eucharistic Host.In Medieval Latin the wordfrāctiō developed its mathematical sense, which was taken into Middle English along with the word.The earliest recorded sense of our word is "an aliquot part of a unit, a fraction or subdivision,”found in a work by Chaucer written about 1400.One of the next recorded instances of the word recalls its origins, referring to the "brekying or fraccioun" of a bone.人们也许认为一个词如fraction 以及它的词源总是指数学上的分数。 当然,分数的数学概念也许早在公元前 2000年就已被巴比伦人所熟知。 但fraction 一词仅能追溯到拉丁词 frangere ,“打碎”。 源自过去分词fractus 的词干是派生的后期拉丁语 fractio , 意为“破裂”或“碎成一片片的”,如感恩节的饼的碎块。在中世纪拉丁语中,fractio 一词出现了数学意义, 这个词连同此意义都被记入中世纪英语中。这个词最早记载的意义是“一个数学单元,繁分数或再分数的约数”,出现在约1400年乔臾写的一部作品里。后来此词有记录的例子之一,指骨头上的“裂痕或碎片”,使人回忆起它的起源〔Bartlett〕American publisher and editor who compiledFamiliar Quotations (1855) and a Shakespearean concordance (1894). 巴特利特,约翰:(1820-1905) 美国出版商和编辑,编撰了《常用引语》 (1855年)和莎士比亚作品索引 〔Campbell〕British actress who was the first to portray Eliza inPygmalion (1913), a part written for her by George Bernard Shaw. 坎贝尔,帕特里克:(1865-1940) 英国女演员,第一个饰演《皮格马利翁》 (1913年)中的埃莉莎,该剧是乔治·肖伯纳为她而写的一部作品 〔tome〕One of the books in a work of several volumes.册,分卷:几卷的作品中的任何一册书〔Kneller〕German-born English portrait painter whose subjects included English royalty, aristocrats, and scholars.内勒,戈弗雷:(1646?-1723) 德裔英国肖像画家,他作品的对象包括英国皇族、贵族和学者〔Warner〕American writer and editor best known for his collaboration onThe Gilded Age (1873) with Mark Twain and for his series of essays My Summer in a Garden (1871). 沃纳,查尔斯·达德利:(1829-1900) 美国作家及编缉,最著名的作品是与马克·吐温合写的《镀金时代》 (1873年)和系列杂文 《我花园内的夏日时光》 (1871年) 〔excerpt〕A passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a literary or musical composition, a document, or a film.选段,摘录:从长篇作品,如从文章、乐章、文件或电影中摘录的一段或一部分〔attack〕a careful performance, but one lacking the rigorous attack the work demands.一场精心设计但缺乏作品所需感染力的表演〔Melchers〕American painter of genre scenes, religious works, and the muralsThe Arts of War and The Arts of Peace (1893). 梅尔彻斯,加利:(1860-1932) 美国风俗画及宗教画画家,作品有壁画《战争艺术》 及 《和平艺术》 (1893年) 〔hackwork〕Tedious, monotonous, or uninteresting work of any kind.平庸的作品:冗长,单调,令人感到乏味的作品〔Bond〕American songwriter whose works include "I Love You Truly" (1901) and "The End of a Perfect Day" (1910).邦德,卡丽·雅格布斯:(1862-1946) 美国歌曲与歌词作家,他的作品有“真诚爱你”(1901年)和“佳日之末”(1910年)等〔Zanuck〕American motion-picture producer whose works includeThe Jazz Singer (1927), the first feature-length film with sound sequences, The Grapes of Wrath (1940), and Gentlemen's Agreement (1947). 柴纳克,达利尔·弗朗西斯:(1902-1979) 美国电影实业家,作品有第一部有声影片《爵士歌手》 (1927年), 《愤怒的葡萄》 (1940年)和 《君子协定》 (1947年) 〔Patmore〕British poet associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. His works includeThe Angel in the House (1854-1863) and The Unknown Eros (1877). 帕特莫尔,考文特瑞·凯瑟·迪顿:(1823-1896) 英国诗人,拉斐尔前派协会成员。他的作品有《家里的天使》 (1854-1863年)和 《无名的爱神和其他颂歌》 (1877年) 〔Frost〕American poet whose deceptively simple works, often set in rural New England, explore the relationships between individuals and between people and nature. His collections includeA Boy's Will (1913) and In the Clearing (1962). 弗罗斯特,罗伯特·李:(1874-1963) 美国诗人。他的看似简单的作品常以新英格兰农村为背景,探究人与人及人与自然之间的关系。他的全集包括《少年的意志》 (1913年)和 《林间空地》 (1962年) 〔Keyes〕American writer of highly popular novels, such asDinner at Antoine's (1948), concerning wealthy, urbane characters. 凯斯,弗朗西斯·帕金森:(1885-1970) 美国畅销小说作家,作品如《安多旺家的晚餐》 (1948年),刻划一些富裕的、温文尔雅的人物 〔Berryman〕American poet whose dramatic, personal, and complex works includeHomage to Mistress Bradstreet (1956) and the collection 77 Dream Songs (1964). 贝里曼,约翰:(1914-1972) 美国诗人,其富于戏剧性、个性和复杂性的作品有《向布雷兹特里特夫人致敬》 (1956年)和诗集 《77首梦幻歌》 (1964年) |
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