| 单词 | 使困惑 |
| 释义 | 〔gravel〕To confuse; perplex.使迷惑；使困惑〔wilder〕To bewilder; perplex.使迷惑；使困惑〔distract〕To pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle.使混乱；使困惑：使精神错乱；使不安〔jumble〕To muddle; confuse:使糊涂，使困惑，扰乱：〔discombobulate〕To throw into a state of confusion.See Synonyms at confuse 扰乱，使困惑：陷入混乱的状态 参见 confuse〔baffle〕To frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or perplexing; stymie.使困惑，使为难：用混淆或困惑的方法迷惑或阻止（某人）；使处于困境〔galling〕Causing extreme irritation or chagrin; vexing:使懊恼，使困惑：使人极激怒的或懊恼的；使烦恼的、困惑的：〔discomfit〕To make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert.See Synonyms at embarrass 使窘迫，使困惑；使惊慌 参见 embarrass〔befog〕To cause confusion in; muddle.使困惑：在…方面引起混乱；使混乱〔kittle〕To puzzle; perplex.使困惑：使困惑；使复杂化〔confound〕To cause to become confused or perplexed.See Synonyms at puzzle 使困惑：使混乱或使困惑 参见 puzzle〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔perplex〕To confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt.See Synonyms at puzzle 使困惑，使费解：使困惑，或使陷于不确信或怀疑的麻烦中 参见 puzzle〔vex〕To cause perplexity in; puzzle.使困惑：引起烦乱；使困惑 |
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