| 单词 | 使迷惑 |
| 释义 | 〔dissolve〕To cause to lose definition; blur; confuse:使概念不清；使模糊；使迷惑：〔bother〕To make confused or perplexed; puzzle.使迷惑：使混乱或迷惑；使窘困〔maze〕To stupefy; daze.See Regional Note at possum 使迷惑；使迷乱 参见 possum〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔evade〕To baffle or elude:使为难：使迷惑或难以理解：〔pother〕To make confused; trouble; worry.使混乱：使迷惑；使烦恼；使心神不宁〔befuddle〕To confuse; perplex.See Synonyms at confuse 使迷惑；使为难 参见 confuse〔puzzle〕To baffle or confuse mentally by presenting or being a difficult problem or matter.使迷惑，使困恼：通过使面对难题或困难而在精神上阻碍或迷惑〔dizzy〕To confuse or bewilder.使迷惑，使思想混乱〔mesmerize〕To spellbind; enthrall:使迷惑；迷住：〔amaze〕both from Old English āmasian [to bewilder] 都源自 古英语 āmasian [使迷惑] 〔maze〕from masen [to confuse, daze] 源自 masen [使迷惑，使迷乱] 〔confuse〕To cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; throw off.使迷惑：使不能清析地思考或理智地行动；使犯错误〔nonplus〕To put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder.使迷惑：使不知所措，使不知如何想、说或做；使为难〔wilder〕To bewilder; perplex.使迷惑；使困惑〔bemuse〕To cause to be bewildered; confuse.See Synonyms at daze 使迷惑；使茫然 参见 daze〔pose〕To puzzle, confuse, or baffle.使迷惑、使混乱或使疑惑〔amaze〕From Middle English masen [to bewilder,] 源自 中古英语 masen [使迷惑，] 〔get〕To present a difficult problem to; puzzle.难住：使面对难题；使迷惑〔maze〕To bewilder or astonish.使迷惑或使吃惊〔bewilder〕To confuse or befuddle, especially with numerous conflicting situations, objects, or statements.See Synonyms at puzzle 使为难，使迷惑：迷惑或混乱，尤指被许多混乱的情况，物体和言论所迷惑 参见 puzzle〔muddy〕To make obscure or confused.使迷惑：使难以理解或糊涂〔bewilder〕The wordbewilder is probably used much more commonly in its figurative sense "to confuse" than in its literal sense "to cause to lose one's bearings; disorient.” Yet the latter sense is most likely the clue to the original source of this word.Bewilder, first recorded in 1684, is made up of the prefix be-, here meaning "completely,” and the verb wilder, meaning "to cause to lose one's way,” first found in 1613. Wilder may in turn be a back-formation from wilderness, a much older word than wilder. Users of English might have erroneously thought thatwilderness was derived from an older verb wilder, which they then used with reference to the loss of one's way that can occur in a wilderness.单词bewilder 大概多用其比喻意义“使迷惑”，而少用其字面意义“使失去方向；使迷失方向”。 虽然后者更接近这个词的本意。Bewilder 一词于1684年首次有文字记载，由前缀 be- 这里意为“完全地”和1613年首次发现的意为“使迷路”的动词 wilder 组成。 Wilder 可能从 wilderness 反演而来，一个比 wilder 古老得多的词。 英语使用者可能误以为wilderness 是从更古老的动词 wilder 产生的， 于是他们把wilderness与可能发生在荒野中的迷路联系起来〔gravel〕To confuse; perplex.使迷惑；使困惑〔fog〕To make vague, hazy, or confused:使迷惑：使模糊、不清楚或迷乱： |
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