| 单词 | 侵犯 |
| 释义 | 〔injustice〕 Wrong in a legal sense refers to what violates the rights of an individual or adversely affects the public welfare;in a more general sense, however,the word is similar in meaning to but more emphatic thaninjustice: Wrong 在法律上讲指侵犯了个人权利或危害公共利益；但从更广泛的意义上讲，这个词语气和injustice很相似但更重一些： 〔usurpation〕"in our own day, gross usurpations upon the liberty of private life"(John Stuart Mill)“在我们的时代，大规模对个人生活自由的侵犯”(约翰·斯图尔特·米尔)〔inviolable〕violāre [to violate] * see violate violāre [侵犯] * 参见 violate〔Gothic〕The combinationGothic romance represents a union of two of the major influences in the development of European culture, the Roman Empire and the Germanic tribes that invaded it.The Roman origins ofromance must be sought in the etymology of that word, but we can see clearly thatGothic is related to the name Goth used for one of the Germanic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire.The wordGothic, which is first recorded in 1611 in a reference to the language of the Goths, was extended in sense in several ways, meaning "Germanic,” "medieval, not classical,” "barbarous,”and also an architectural style that was not Greek or Roman.Gothic, originally in the sense "medieval, not classical,” was applied by Horace Walpole to his novelThe Castle of Otranto, a Gothic Story, published in 1765. From this novel,filled with scenes of terror and gloom in a medieval setting,have descended the Gothic romances of today.Gothic romance 的组合代表对欧洲文化发展起主要作用的两个事物的联合， 这两个事物就是罗马帝国和侵犯它的日耳曼部落。romance 的罗马语源必须从这个词的词源里去找， 但我们也很清楚Gothic 是跟 Goth 有关的， 这个词被侵犯罗马帝国的一个日耳曼人部落所使用。Gothic 1611年第一次出现在一本描绘哥特语的注释书里， 有几个意思：“日耳曼人的”，“中世纪的，非古典的，”“野蛮的，”和非希腊和罗马的建筑风格。Gothic 最初意思是“中世纪的，非古典的，” 在霍勒斯·沃波尔1765年出版的小说奥特朗托的城堡，哥特的故事 中出现。 这本小说里，在中世纪的背景衬托下，充满了恐怖、阴暗的画面，它开创了哥特式浪漫主义并流传至今〔invade〕"The principal of the trusts could not be invaded without trustee approval"(Barbara Goldsmith)“未经受托人同意，受托的原则不被侵犯”(芭芭拉·哥尔德史密斯)〔attack〕The disease had already attacked the central nervous system.疾病已侵犯了中枢神经系统〔entrench〕To encroach, infringe, or trespass.侵占，侵犯，冒犯〔wrong〕An invasion or a violation of another's legal rights.违法，犯罪：对于别人法律权利的侵犯或侵害〔violate〕violated our privacy.侵犯我们的隐私〔infringe〕an increased workload that infringed on his personal life.增加了的工作量侵犯了他的个人生活〔Howe〕American inventor and manufacturer who designed early sewing machines (1845 and 1846) and subsequently won patent-infringement suits against a number of manufacturers, including Isaac M. Singer.豪，伊莱亚斯：(1819-1867) 美国发明家及制造商，他于1845年和1846年发明了早期的缝纫机，后赢得对包括艾萨克·Ｍ·辛格在内的众多制造商侵犯专利权的起诉〔intrude〕 Intrude implies thrusting or coming in without permission, warrant, or welcome;it often suggests violation of another's privacy: Intrude 暗指未经允许、授权、或欢迎用力推入或进入；通常暗示对他人隐私的侵犯： 〔aggression〕The act of initiating hostilities or invasion.侵犯；侵略；挑衅：发动敌对行为或侵略举动〔injustice〕Violation of another's rights or of what is right; lack of justice.侵权，不公正：侵犯他人的权利或违犯正确的事情；不公正〔reparation〕"reparation for our rights at home, and security against the like future violations" (William Pitt).“对我们在国内的权利补偿以及将来可能受到的侵犯的保障” （威廉姆·皮特）。〔piracy〕The unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted or patented material.剽窃行为，侵犯专利行为：未经授权却使用或复制受专利权保护的物品〔reparation〕"The people, whose privileges he has invaded, call aloud for redress" (Jane Porter). “那些其权利受到他的侵犯的人声言要他作出赔偿” （简恩·波特）。 〔inroad〕An advance, especially at another's expense; an encroachment. Often used in the plural:侵害：进展，尤指以别人的代价；侵犯。常用复数：〔nonaggression〕Lack of intention to show aggression against a foreign government or nation.不侵略，不侵犯：没有意图显示侵犯外国政府或国家〔penumbra〕"The First Amendment has a penumbra where privacy is protected from governmental intrusion"(Joseph A. Califano, Jr.)“第一修正案在个人隐私不受政府侵犯方面较为模糊”(小约瑟夫A.卡里法诺)〔impinge〕Do not impinge on my privacy.不要侵犯我的隐私〔transgressive〕Of or relating to a genre of fiction, filmmaking, or art characterized by graphic depictions of behavior that violates socially acceptable norms, often involving violence, drug use, and sexual deviancy.限制级的：以生动的行为描绘为特征的小说、电影制作或艺术体裁的或与其相关的，其侵犯了社会接受基准，常涉及暴力、吸毒及怪异性行为〔infringe〕To encroach on someone or something; engage in trespassing:侵害：侵害某人或侵犯某物；侵害：〔incursion〕An aggressive entrance into foreign territory; a raid or an invasion.侵犯：具有侵略性地进入外国领土；袭击或侵略〔violate〕To disturb rudely or improperly; interrupt:扰乱，侵犯：粗鲁地或不合适地妨碍；打搅：〔rape〕Although three senses are listed in our entry for the verbrape, it is unlikely that many people think of the word as having more than one sense.The Latin wordrapere from which rape comes had an even wider range of meanings, including "to ravish.”It must be kept in mind, however, that most of its senses had to do with the notion of seizing or carrying offand that sexual violation was confined to the one sense.In the case of the Middle Englishwordrapen, taken from Latin rapere, fewer senses existed, but some of them differed quite significantly from any in which we would use the word today.It could mean "to fix or set a certain time" ("The tyme he wild [would] not rape" ) or "to carry off somebody to heaven from earth" ( "the visions of seynt poul wan [when] he was rapt in to paradys" ). The past participlerapt has survived in Modern English, where it has become a separate wordreferring to states of deep delight or absorption,far removed from the hideous cruelties ofrape. The sense involving these cruelties was probably present in Middle Englishand has largely taken over the word.尽管在动词rape 这一词条中，我们列了三个意思， 但实际很多人并不认为该词有这么多意思。Rape 从其起源的拉丁语单词 rapere 甚至有更多的词义， 其中包括“使销魂”这一含意。然而，我们必须记住所有这些词义都同“用武力夺取或抢走”有关，性方面的侵犯只是其中的一个意思。在中古英语中，由拉丁语rapere 一词产生的动词 rapen 的词义已经减少， 不过其中有些词义和现在的词义完全不同。它可以意为“约定或确定时间”(“他不肯 约定时间” )或“由人间带某人进入天堂”( “圣保罗进入天堂 的情景” )。 该词的过去分词rapt 仍存在于现代英语中， 在这里它已成为一个单独的单词，意为一种极其兴奋或被深深吸引的状态，这个意思与rape 一词丑恶的词义相去甚远。 与残酷行为有关的词义可能在中世纪就存在，后来被保留了下来〔reparation〕The innocent victims of the riot demanded indemnity for the lawless violence to which they had been subjected. 暴乱中的无辜受害者要求对他们所遭受的非法侵犯作出赔偿 〔offense〕A violation or an infraction of a moral or social code; a transgression or a sin.违反：违反或打破道德或社会规范；一种侵犯或犯罪〔propitiate〕To conciliate (an offended power); appease:劝慰，使息怒：安抚（被侵犯的一方）；使息怒：〔nativism〕A sociopolitical policy, especially in the United States in the 19th century, favoring the interests of indigenous inhabitants over those of immigrants.本土主义：一项社会与政治的政策，尤指19世纪在美国，保护本地居民的利益不受移民的侵犯〔interloper〕One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company.私商，无照营业者：侵犯贸易垄断企业的人，例如在有特许权公司的经营范围内从事未经许可的贸易活动〔trespass〕To infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another:打扰：侵犯另一个人的隐私、时间或注意力：〔infringe〕infringe a contract; infringe a patent.违反一项合同；侵犯专利权〔invade〕To encroach or intrude on; violate:侵害：侵占或侵入；侵犯：〔aggressive〕Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion.侵犯的；挑衅的：倾向于敌对行为的〔cruel〕Fierce suggests the fearless aggression of a wild animal: Fierce 意指野生动物的残暴的侵犯： 〔encroach〕To take another's possessions or rights gradually or stealthily:侵占：逐步或偷偷地侵占他人财产或侵犯他人权利：〔encroachment〕The act or an instance of encroaching.侵犯，侵入：侵入的行动或事件〔usurpation〕A wrongful seizure or exercise of authority or privilege belonging to another; an encroachment:侵犯，侵占：非法对他人的权利或特权的侵占或行使，侵占：〔inviolable〕Secure from violation or profanation:不可侵犯的：免于侵犯或玷污的： |
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