| 单词 | 侵略者 |
| 释义 | 〔Heraclius〕Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (610-641) who captured Syria, Palestine, and Egypt from Persia (613-628) but lost them all to Moslem invaders (635-641).赫拉克利乌斯：拜占庭帝国的皇帝(610-641年），他从波斯手中夺取了叙利亚、巴勒斯坦和埃及(613-628年），但又被穆斯林侵略者夺走(635-641年）〔eject〕expelled the invaders from the country;把侵略者赶出国家；〔Bran〕A gigantic Celtic god and ruler of Britain. After he was mortally wounded in battle, his head was buried in London, where it served as a protection against invaders.布兰：似巨人般的凯尔特人的上帝和不列颠统治者。在战斗中因伤致死后，他的头被埋葬在伦敦，以作为一种反对侵略者的保护力量〔Venice〕A city of northeast Italy on islets within a lagoon in theGulf of Venice, a wide inlet of the northern Adriatic Sea. Founded in the 5th century a.d. by refugees fleeing the Lombard invaders who had gained control of the mainland, it became a major maritime power by the 13th century and spread its influence over northern Italy by the 15th century. Its territories were gradually lost to the Turks, and in 1797 it passed to Austria. Venice was ceded to Italy in 1866. Population, 332,775. 威尼斯：意大利东北部的一个城市，位于亚得里亚海北部的一个宽阔的海湾威尼斯湾 里的一个泻湖内的众多小岛上。它在 公元 5世纪由逃离伦巴族侵略者的难民创建，这些侵略者已获得对大陆的控制权，到13世纪它已成为一个主要的海上强国并于15世纪把其影响扩及意大利的北部。它的领土后来逐渐为土耳其人所攻陷，并于1797年转让给了奥地利。威尼斯在1866年并入了意大利。人口332,775 〔aggressor〕One that engages in aggression.侵略者；挑衅者：涉及侵略的人〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔enormity〕"Beyond that,[Russia's] sheer enormity offered a defense against invaders that no European nation enjoyed" (W. Bruce Lincoln)“除此之外，仅[俄国] 广阔的疆域就为它自己提供了没有哪个欧洲国家能享用的抵制侵略者的防御能力” (W.布鲁斯·林肯)〔numb〕One of the more frequently used words in English,take, is evidence of the importance of the Scandinavian influence on English. Chiefly Danes and Norwegians, the invaders and settlers of the 8th through the 11th century contributed more than 900 words to the English language,but perhaps few so important astake. The Old Norse wordtaka was adopted as Old English tacan, the ancestor of ourtake. But Old English already had a word that paralleledtacan in sense, and that wasniman. In Middle Englishnimen, from niman, still thrived, but by the 16th century the word had all but disappeared,surviving today only asnim in the archaic sense "to steal.” However, all was not lost,for the past participle ofnimen, nomin, was used as an adjective, meaning "deprived of the power of movement, unable to move, paralyzed.”We know this word in the formnumb, from which the new verbnumb has been derived. 一个更为使用频繁的英语单词take, 是斯堪的纳维亚语对英语重要影响的证明。 侵略者和移民者，主要是丹麦和挪威人从8世纪到11世纪为英语带来了900多个单词，但是可能都没有take 一词重要。 古斯堪的纳维亚语taka 一词被古英语采用成为 tacan ， 是take 的前身。 但古英语中已知有一个词在意义上和tacan 相同， 即niman 。 中古英语中，来自niman 的 nimen 仍很盛行， 但在16世纪这个词几乎消失了，到今天nim 只是作古义表示“偷”的含义出现。 但是，不是所有意义都失去了，nimen，nomin 的过去分词，作形容词用， 指“失去了移动能力的，动不了的，麻木的”。我们以numb 的形式知道了这个词， 从中派生出新的动词numb 〔Mesopotamia〕An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. Probably settled before 5000b.c. , the area was the home of numerous early civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria. It declined in importance after Mongol invaders destroyed its extensive irrigation system in a.d. 1258. 美索不达米亚：古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。可能在公元前 5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。蒙古侵略者在 公元 1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小 〔Gascony〕A historical region and former province of southwest France. Settled originally by Basque peoples, it was conquered by the Romans and later by the Visigoths and Franks. A new wave of Basque invaders from south of the Pyrenees established the duchy of Vasconia in the sixth centurya.d. In 1052 Gascony passed to the duchy of Aquitaine, and after serving as a major battlefield during the Hundred Years' War, it finally became part of the French royal domain in 1607. 格斯肯尼：一历史地区，昔时法国西南部一省。最早巴斯克人在此定居，被罗马人征服，后来又被西哥特人和法兰克人征服。来自比利牛斯山南部的一支新的巴斯克人侵略者在公元后 6世纪建立了维斯可尼亚公国。在1502年，格斯肯尼被转给亚奎丹公国，在百年战争中以一个主要战场出现，最后于1607年成为法国领土的一部分 〔expel〕expel an invader.把侵略者赶出去〔Aquileia〕A town of northeast Italy near the Adriatic Sea. Founded by the Romans as a military outpost in 181b.c. , it was frequently destroyed by invaders, including Attila ( a.d. 452). 阿奎莱亚：意大利东北部一城市，位于亚得里亚海附近。在公元前 181年由罗马人作为前哨基地建立，它常被侵略者摧毁，包括阿提拉( 公元 452年） |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。