| 单词 | 保留 |
| 释义 | 〔reserve〕Held in or forming a reserve:贮存的：保留或形成储备的：〔Tripoli〕The capital and largest city of Libya, in the northwest part of the country on the Mediterranean Sea. Settled by Phoenicians from Tyre, it has Roman and Byzantine remains. Population, 858,500.的黎波里：利比亚的首都和第一大城市，位于利比亚的西北部，临地中海，最早是提尔的腓尼基人建立，该市保留有罗马的拜占庭式的古迹。人口858,500〔join〕Link andconnect imply a firm attachment in which individual components nevertheless retain their identities: Link 和connect 含有一种牢固的连接或附着的意思，但是其中每一组分仍保留其特性： 〔adder〕The biblical injunction to be wise as serpents and innocent as doves looks somewhat alien in the Middle English guise "Loke ye be prudent as neddris and symple as dowves.”Neddris, which is perhaps the strangest-looking word in this Middle English passage, would beadders in Modern English, with a different meaning and form. Adder, an example of specialization in meaning, no longer refers to just any serpent or snake, as it once did, but now denotes only specific kinds of snakes.Adder also illustrates a process known as false splitting, or juncture loss: the word came from Old Englishnǣdre and kept its n into the Middle English period, but later during that stage of the language people started analyzing the phrasea naddre as an addre —the false splitting that has given us adder. “象蟒蛇一样聪明，象白鸽一样无邪”的圣经训谕与在中古英语中的“象蛇一样智虑，象鸽子一样简单”的表达法看起来颇为不同。Neddris 也许是中古英语的中看起来较奇怪的一个词， 在现代英语中为adders ，意义和形式相差很大。 Adder 作为意义特殊化的一个例子，不再象从前一样表示蟒蛇或蛇， 而只表示蛇的特殊种类。Adder 同时也说明了错误分离或连音遗失的过程： 这个词来源于古英语的needre 并在中古英语中保留 n ， 但是在后来的英语发展阶段，人们开始将词组a naddre 分析为 an adder --这种错误的分离给我们提供了 adder 一词 〔bank〕To transact business with a bank or maintain a bank account.存款：与银行做业务往来或保留银行存款〔eunuch〕-okhos [keeping] from ekhein [to keep] * see segh- -okhos [保留的] 源自 ekhein [保留] * 参见 segh- 〔cocooning〕"The harassments of daily life—looming nuclear incineration, rude waiters—have driven people to cocooning. They have gone to ground in their dens . . . to keep at bay the modern world"(George F. Will)“日常生活的烦恼——就像快要发生核焚化，粗暴的服务员——迫使人们变得作茧隐藏自己。他们走到隔绝处…以便在现实世界中给自己保留一个立身之所”(乔治F.威尔)〔holdback〕A device that retains or restrains.阻碍物：用来抑制或保留的装置〔petunia〕"Tobacco is a dirty weed,” as the song goes (it also perversely admits "I like it, I like it"),but tobacco has some nice relatives in the nightshade family,such as the tomato, red pepper, and eggplant.One of its more beautiful relatives,the petunia, is actually named for tobacco.This curious story begins when the Portuguese in South America picked up their wordpetum, meaning "tobacco,”from a Tupi-Guarani word,such as Tupipetyn. From Portuguese the word made its way into French (pétun ), from which English borrowed the word (petun remains an archaic word for tobacco). The name of the genuspetunia was formed in New Latin (1789) from French pétun because of the close relationship of the petunia genus to tobacco. Englishpetunia, taken from Modern Latin, is first recorded around 1825. 如歌（它也荒谬地承认“我喜欢它，我喜欢它”） 中所唱“烟草是一种肮脏的杂草”，但烟草有一些漂亮的龙葵族的近亲，例如蕃茄、红椒和茄子。它更漂亮的族亲之一，矮牵牛实际上是以烟草命名的。这个奇妙的传说始于南美洲的葡萄牙人使用词汇petum 时， 意思是“烟草”，该词来源于一个图皮--瓜拉尼语词汇，如图皮语petyn。 这个词从葡萄牙语进入了法语（petun ）， 英语又借用了这个法语词(petun 保留了烟草的古代词汇）。 因为矮牵牛属植物同烟草有着相近的关系，种属名称petunia 以源于法语 pétun 的新拉丁语形成了(1789年）。 来自现代拉丁文的英语词petunia 首次记录大约出现在1825年 〔comrade〕A comrade can be socially or politically close,a closeness that is found at the etymological heart of the wordcomrade. In Spanish the Latin wordcamara, with its Late Latin meaning "chamber, room,” was retained, and the derivativecamarada, with the sense "roommates, especially barrack mates,” was formed. Camarada then came to have the general sense "companion.” English borrowed the word from Spanish and French,Englishcomrade being first recorded in the 16th century. The political sense ofcomrade, now associated with Communism, had its origin in the late-19th-century use of the word as a title by socialists and communists in order to avoid such forms of address asmister. This usage, which originated during the French Revolution,is first recorded in English in 1884.同志在社会或政治关系上是亲密的，这种亲密的意思可以从comrade 的词源中找到。 在西班牙语中，拉丁词camara 仍保留有它的拉丁语意思“小房间，房间”， 同时出现了它的派生词camarada 意思是“室友，尤指同营房的战友”。 接着Camarada 具有了一般“同伴”的意思。 英语从西班牙语和法语中借用了这个词，英语中comrade 第一次出现是在16世纪。 comrade 的政治意义现在是与共产主义相联的， 最初在19世纪末，它是作为社会主义者或共产主义者的前称以区别于mister（先生） 一词的。 这种用法起源于法国大革命时期，第一次在英语中出现则是在1884年。〔meadow〕A tract of grassland, either in its natural state or used as pasture or for growing hay.草地，牧场：保留原始状态、用作牧场或用于种草的一片草地〔powerful〕In the upper southern United States the wordspowerful and mighty are intensives used frequently like the adverb very : Your boy's grown powerful big.The new baby is mighty purty.Powerfulis used as an adjective in some expressions: The storm did a powerful lot of harm. In the same dialect regionthe nounpower has, in addition to its standard meaning, the sense of "a large number or amount.”This sense appears in theOxford English Dictionary as common in dialectal British English of the 18th and 19th centuries: "It has done a power of work" (Charles Dickens).All these derivative senses ofpower and might take advantage of the notion of strength inherent in these nouns, making them natural intensives. Colloquial English is always on the lookout for ways to make language more vivid with new intensives.We think of the upper southern part of the United States as linguistically conservative,but in fact it has preserved uses ofpower, powerful, and mighty that were innovative in their time. 在美国中南部powerful 及 mighty 这两个词用作强调词并与 very 一样用得很频繁： 你的儿子已长得很大了。新生儿非常干净。Powerful在有些表达中还用作形容词： 这暴风造成巨大灾害。 在同一方言区中，名词power 除了具有标准含义外， 还有“大的数字或数量”之意。该意义出现在牛津英语词典 中， 在18世纪及19世纪的英国英语方言中使用也十分普遍： “它已做了大量工作” （查尔斯·狄更斯）。所有power 及 might 的这些衍生意义都利用两个名词本身力量的含义而使它们成为强调词。 英语口语一直在寻求途径以运用新的强调词，使语言变得更为生动。我们认为美国中南部在语言的使用上是很保守的，但事实上，这部分地区却保留了在当时十分创新的power，powerful 及 mighty 的用法 〔hold〕held back valuable information; held back my tears.保留有价值的信息；忍住眼泪〔Solon〕Athenian lawgiver and poet. His reforms preserved a class system based on wealth but ended privilege by birth.棱伦：古雅典的立法者及诗人。他的改革保留了建立在财富基础之上的阶级系统，但却以出生特权而告终〔speed〕The fable of the tortoise and the hare teaches us that speed does not always spell success.Historically in English, however, it does:the Old English wordspēd, from which our word speed is descended, originally meant "prosperity, successful outcome, ability, or quickness.” A corresponding verb,spēdan, in Modern English the verbspeed, meant "to succeed, prosper, or achieve a goal"; and an adjective,spēdig, the ancestor of our word speedy, meant "wealthy, powerful.” Except for archaic usesthe words today relate only to the general sense of "velocity.”The meaning "success" is retained chiefly in the compoundGodspeed, a noun formed from the phrase meaning "God prosper you.”乌龟与兔子这则寓言故事告诉我们速度并不总意味着成功。然而在英语的历史中，速度就意味着成功：speed 这个词来自古英语单词 spēd ， 原意为“繁荣昌盛，成功的结果，能力或速度”。与之相应的动词spedan ， 即现代英语中speed 一词，意为“取得成功，繁荣昌盛或实现一目标”； speedy 的前身，形容词 spēdig ，则表示“富有的，有力的”。 除了其古代用法，这些词今天只和“速度”这一一般意义有关。“成功”之意主要保留于Godspeed （成功、幸运、天惠） 这个词中， 这是一个来自词组“祝你成功”的一个名词〔layaway〕A payment plan in which a buyer reserves an article of merchandise by placing a deposit with the retailer until the balance is paid in full:预约定购法：一种付款策略，买方可预先保留某一商品，只支付给零售商一笔定金，直到双方差额完全结清为止：〔Dartmoor〕An upland region of southwest England noted for its bare granite tors. There are remains of numerous Bronze Age settlements.达特穆尔高原：英国西南一高原地区，因其裸露的花岗石突岩而闻名，还保留许多的青铜器时代村落的遗迹〔toner〕A chemical bath used to change the color of a photographic print or to preserve black-and-white prints or movie film.调色液：一种用来改变照片底片颜色或保留黑白底片及影片的化学药液〔patron〕A slave owner in ancient Rome who freed a slave without relinquishing all legal claim to him.（古罗马）旧奴隶主：恢复奴隶自由但保留一定法律控制权的古罗马奴隶主〔wilderness〕An unsettled, uncultivated region left in its natural condition, especially:荒野，荒地：保留天然条件的无人定居的未开垦地区，尤指：〔hold〕To reserve or keep back from use:保留或停止…的使用：〔stet〕To direct that a letter, word, or other matter marked for omission or correction is to be retained. Used in the imperative.保留：指示被做标记删除或改正的字母、词或其它东西应被保留。祈使语气中使用〔ironic〕though some Panelists noted that this particular usage might be acceptable if Susie had in fact moved to California in order to find a husband,in which case the story could be taken as exemplifying the folly of supposing that we can know what fate has in store for us).By contrast,73 percent accepted the sentence 虽然一些成员注意到如果苏茜搬到加利福尼亚的目的确是为寻找一位丈夫的话，那么这一句的用法还是可以接受的，因为这个故事可视为代表了这样一种愚行，认为我们能够知道命运为我们保留着什么）。与此形成对照的是，百分之七十三的成员接受了下面这句话 〔deferred〕Withheld until a future date:预留的，延迟的：保留到将来某个日期的：〔infill〕The use of vacant land and property within a built-up area for further construction or development, especially as part of a neighborhood preservation or limited growth program.填实：为进一步的建设或发展，在建好的区域中留下一块空地和地产，尤指目的在于保留邻居环境或限制发展计划〔curiosity〕kept the carved bone and displayed it as a curiosity.保留那块雕刻过的骨头并把它作为珍品展出〔unstinting〕unstinting approval.毫不保留的赞同〔reserve〕I reserve the right to disagree.See Synonyms at keep 我保留持不同意见的权利 参见 keep〔hold〕To retain in one's possession or control:保留，保持控制：在某人的占据或控制之下：〔oasis〕A situation or place preserved from surrounding unpleasantness; a refuge:避风港，避难地：在不愉快环境中保留的情况或地方；避难地，慰藉：〔fugitive〕Difficult to comprehend or retain; elusive:难掌握或保留的；难以捉摸的：〔worry〕"Don't worry" is a much milder injunction than it once would have been,for the wordworry has softened its sense greatly over the course of its history. Its Old English ancestor,wyrgan, meant "to strangle.” Its Middle English descendant,worien, kept this sense and developed the new sense "to grasp by the throat with the teeth and lacerate" or "to kill or injure by biting and shaking.” This is the way wolves or dogs might attack sheep, for example.In the 16th centuryworry began to be used in the sense "to harass, as by rough treatment or attack,” or "to assault verbally,” and in the 17th century the word took on the sense "to bother, distress, or persecute.”It was a small step from this sense to the main modern senses "to cause to feel anxious or distressed" and "to feel troubled or uneasy,” first recorded in the 19th century.与过去相比，“别担心”这句话的命令意味减少了许多，因为随着历史的变迁worry 这个词的“攻击性”意味大大削弱了。 其古英语中的前身wyrgan, 意为“扼杀”。 在中世纪英语中的worien 保留了这个意思并衍生出一个新意思“用牙齿咬住喉咙并且撕裂”或“咬住并来回甩动以杀死或伤害”。 例如，这是狼或狗袭击羊的方式。16世纪，worry 开始含有“以粗暴手段或袭击方式来骚扰”，“口头攻击”的意思， 到了17世纪这个词产生了“干扰、使焦虑和烦扰”的意思。19世纪，这个词义向前发展了一点，产生了适用于当代的主要意思“使感到焦虑或痛苦”和“感到烦恼或不安”〔reservation〕The act of reserving; a keeping back or withholding.保留：存留的行为；保留或留下〔Gypsy〕A member of a nomadic people that arrived in Europe in migrations from northern India around the 14th century, now also living in North America and Australia. Many Gypsy groups have preserved elements of their traditional culture, including an itinerant existence, tribal organization, and the Romany language.吉卜赛人：大约在14世纪从北印度移民到欧洲的游牧民族的一支，现在在北美和澳大利亚也有分布。许多吉普赛群体仍保留了一些他们传统文化的成分，包括流动的生存方式，部落或组织结构，还有他们使用的罗姆语〔leave〕To have remaining after death:遗留：死后保留有：〔hold〕A direction or an indication that something is to be reserved or deferred.通知，指示：保留或推迟的事物的通知或指示〔reservoir〕from réserver [to reserve] 源自 réserver [保留] 〔toxoid〕A substance that has been treated to destroy its toxic properties but retains the capacity to stimulate production of antitoxins, used in immunization.类毒素：经过处理后已消除其毒素特性的一种物质，但仍保留有激发产生抗毒素的能力，用于免疫中〔stud〕A group of animals, especially horses, kept for breeding.马群：为繁殖而保留的动物群尤指马〔wear〕To bear, carry, or maintain in a particular manner:蓄，留：以特殊形式具有、带着或保留： |
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