| 单词 | 充分 |
| 释义 | 〔inchoate〕Imperfectly formed or developed:不成熟的：未充分形成或发展的：〔rely〕Prepare yourself thoroughly for the performance;then trust in your talent to carry you through.为演出作好充分的准备；然后相信自己的才华能克服一切困难。〔surmise〕An idea or opinion based on insufficiently conclusive evidence; a conjecture.臆测：没有充分的决定性证据得出的想法或观点；猜想〔sanity〕Soundness of judgment or reason.明智：充分有力的判断或推理〔stollen〕A rich yeast bread containing raisins, citron, and chopped nutmeats.果子面包：含有葡萄干、香橼和切碎的坚果核仁的充分发酵的面包〔sostenuto〕A sostenuto passage or movement.持续的乐章：充分奏（或唱）出音的时值的乐段或乐章〔underreact〕To react with insufficient enthusiasm, force, or emphasis.反映不够有力：以不充分的热情、力量或强调反应〔pregnant〕Filled or fraught; replete:充满…的；充分的：〔appreciate〕I appreciate your problems.我充分意识到了你的问题〔underplay〕To act a role subtly or with restraint.表演角色不充分，有节制的表演：难理解地或克制地表演一个角色〔tight〕Stretched or drawn out fully:拉紧的，绷紧的：充分伸长或拉长的：〔bloomer〕A person who attains full maturity and competence:成熟的人，有作为的人：指达到成熟和充分取得资格、能力的人：〔beloved〕bi- [be-] bi- [前缀，表“充分，过度”] 〔inadequacy〕The quality or condition of being inadequate.不足，不完备：不足、不充分的性质或条件〔psych〕The coach psyched the team before the game.教练在赛前使队员在心理上充分作好准备〔that〕The standard rule isthatthat should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or "defining") relative clause, which serves to identify the entity being talked about;in this useit should never be preceded by a comma.Thus, we sayThe house that Jack built has been torn down, where the clausethat Jack built tells which house was torn down, orI am looking for a book that is easy to read, wherethat is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. Onlywhich is to be used with nonrestrictive (or "nondefining") clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context;in this use,which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we sayThe students in Chemistry 10 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that ) is hard to follow. The clausewhich is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if it were omitted,we would know that the phrasethe textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 10. The use ofthat in nonrestrictive clauses like this, though once common in writing and still frequent in speech,is best avoided in formal style. ·Some grammarians have argued that symmetry requires thatwhich should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses, asthat is to be used only in restrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such asI need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the clausewhich will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. Such use ofwhich is useful where two or more relative clauses are joined by and or or, as inIt is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Which is also preferred to introduce a restrictive relative clausewhen the preceding phrase itself contains athat, as inI can only give you that which I don't need (not that that I don't need ) or We want to assign only that book which will be most helpful (preferred tothat book that will be most helpful ). · That may be omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the referent of the phrase preceding the clause. Thus, we may say eitherthe book that I was reading or the book I was reading, where the subject of the clause (I ) is not the referent of the phrase the book. Omission ofthat in these cases has sometimes been described as incorrect, but the practice is extremely common and has ample precedent in reputable writing. ·There have also been occasional objections to the omission ofthat in its use to introduce a subordinate clause, as inI think we should try again. But this usage is entirely idiomatic and is in fact favored with some of the verb phrases that can introduce such clauses:thus, one would more normally write 标准规则中，that 应只被用于引导限定性（或“确定的”）关系从句， 这些从句用于明确正被谈论的实体；在这种情况下，前面决不能有逗号。因此，我们说杰克建的房子已经拆毁了 ， 在这里，从句杰克所建的 指明哪幢房子被拆毁了， 或者我正在找一本易读的书 ， 在这里，易读的 指明哪类书是需要的。 只有which 用于非限定性（或“不确定的”）从句中， 为已经在上下文中定义的实体提供附加信息；在此用法中，which 之前总有逗号。 因此，我们说化学10班的学生一直在抱怨这课本，实在 （不是 that ) 是太难懂了 。 从句which is hard to follow 并不指明哪一课本被抱怨； 即使它被省略，我们也知道the textbook 指化学10班的课本。 That 象这样用于非限定性从句中， 虽然在写作中曾很普遍而且在口语中依然频繁出现，但在正式文体中最好避免使用。一些语法学家认为对称性要求which 应只用于非限定性从句中， 就象that 只用于限定性从句中。 因此，他们建议我们应该避免诸如我需要一本关于城市园艺的书 这样的句子， 这里从句which will tell me all about city gardening 指明需要何种书。 当两个或多个关系从句被and 或 or 连接时， which 的这种用法很有用， 如是哲学使普通人找到慰藉并使许多人有理由去称颂。 Which 也用作引导限定性关系从句，在当前置短语中含有that 时， 如我只能给你我不需要的东西 （不是 that that I don't need )或 我们只想分发那本最用的书 （好于that book that will be most helpful )。 当从句主语与从句前短语所指不一致时，that 在关系从句中可以省略。 因此，我们可以说the book that I was reading 或者 the book I was reading 。 在这里，从句主语(I )和短语 the book 的主语不同。 在这些情况下，that 的省略有时被认为是错误的， 但是这在实际中极普遍而且在规范写作中有充分的先例。对于that 用于引导从句时被省略偶然持有异议， 如在我认为我们应该再试一次 中。 但这种用法完全符合语法而且实际上有一些引导这样从句的短语支持；因此，可以正常应用 〔underact〕To perform (a role) weakly or with insufficient expressiveness.表演不充分：表演（角色）不足或缺乏表现力〔weak〕Lacking the ability to function normally or fully:功能差的：缺乏正常或充分起作用的能力的：〔bring〕"All of one's faculties are brought to bear in an effort to become fully incorporated into the landscape"(Barry Lopez)“一个人在努力完全溶入景色当中时，他的所有的能力得到充分的发挥”(巴里·洛佩斯)〔inadequate〕Not adequate to fulfill a need or meet a requirement; insufficient.不充分的：没有足够的能力来实现某种需求或达到某种要求的；不足的〔preconception〕An opinion or a conception formed in advance of full or adequate knowledge or experience; a prejudice or bias:先入之见，事先构想：在掌握全部或充分知识或经验之前所形成的观点或概念；偏见或成见：〔maladaptation〕Faulty or inadequate adaptation.不适应：未能很好或充分的适应〔young〕Immature applies to what is not yet fully grown or developed;the term sometimes suggests that someone falls short of an expected level of maturity: Immature 用于未充分成长或发展的人和事；它有时暗示着某人达不到预期的成熟水平： 〔hopefully〕Writers who usehopefully as a sentence adverb, as inHopefully the measures will be adopted, should be aware that the usage is unacceptable to many critics,including a large majority of the Usage Panel.But it is not easy to explain why critics dislike this use ofhopefully. It is justified by analogy to the unexceptionable uses of many other adverbs,as inMercifully, the play was brief or 当作者们把hopefully 用作句中副词， 如在但愿这些措施能被采用 中时， 应当意识到很多批评家并不接受这一用法，其中包括用法专题小组的大多数成员。但是批评家们为什么不喜欢hopefully 的这个用法却并不容易解释。 与许多其他副词无可指摘的使用进行类比，它有着充分正当的理由，比如幸好，这出戏很短 或 〔opener〕openers Cards of sufficient value to enable the holder to open the betting. openers 开牌：有充分价值的能使玩牌者开局的牌〔bemoan〕be- [be-] be- [前缀，表“充分，过度”] 〔satisfy〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to supply fully or completely": 这些动词共有的中心意思为“充分或完整地提供”： 〔worthy〕Having sufficient worth; deserving:值得的：有充分价值的；该得到的：〔underemployed〕Not fully or adequately used or employed.就业不充分的：未被充分使用或利用的〔appreciate〕To be fully aware of or sensitive to; realize:意识到，察觉：对…的充分意识或领会；察觉：〔characterful〕Having or displaying remarkable, memorable character:充分表现特性的：拥有或表现非凡的值得纪念的特性的：〔justify〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to be a proper or sufficient reason for": 这些动词共同的主要意思是“成为…的适当的或充分的理由”： 〔truth〕"Every man is fully satisfied that there is such a thing as truth, or he would not ask any questions" (Charles S. Peirce). “每个人都充分相信真理这一事物存在，否则他不会问任何问题” （查尔斯S.皮尔斯）。 〔whether〕"We came in full View of a great Island or Continent, (for we knew not whether)”(Jonathan Swift)“我们充分清楚地看到了一座岛屿或是一块巨大的陆地，（因为我们不知道很大是哪一个）”(乔纳森·斯威夫特)〔just〕Based on fact or sound reason; well-founded:有充分根据的：以事实或合理的缘由为基础的；理由充足的：〔galore〕Irish Gaelic go leór [enough] 爱尔兰盖尔语 go leór [足够的，充分的] 〔inadequacy〕An instance of being inadequate; a failing or lack.不适当之处：不充分的情况；失败或缺乏〔unplumbed〕Not fully examined or explored:未深究的：没有被充分检验或探究的：〔underserve〕To supply with insufficient services, especially social and health services.服务不周：提供不充分的服务，尤指社会的与健康的服务〔insufficient〕Not sufficient; inadequate.不足；不充分的 |
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