| 单词 | 先行 |
| 释义 | 〔advance〕Going before, in front, or forward.先行的：走在前面的，在前面的或向前的〔precession〕The act or state of preceding; precedence.先行：向前运动的行为或状态；先行〔preapprove〕To approve or qualify before the usual procedures or formalities have taken place:预审批准，预审认可：在未进行正常程序或形式之前先行核准或认定：〔noncallable〕Of or relating to a provision of some bond and preferred stock issues that prohibits the issuer from redeeming the security before a certain date or until maturity.不能未到期先行偿还的：属于或关于一些债券的规定以及优先偿付股票的发行的，禁止发行者在某一固定日期到时前偿还证券的〔it〕Used as an anticipatory subject or object:代主语或宾语：作为先行主语或先行宾语：〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔it〕Used as an anticipatory subject to emphasize a term that is not itself a subject:强调主语：作为先行主语来强调，但它本身并不是主语：〔line〕brought the front wheels into line; a wage agreement in line with current inflation.使前轮成同向行驶；和先行通货膨胀相配合的工资协议〔bridgehead〕A forward position seized by advancing troops in enemy territory as a foothold for further advance.据点：先行部队在敌占区内夺取的作为进一步前进的立足点的前方位置〔herald〕One that gives a sign or indication of something to come; a harbinger:预兆：表示或暗示某样东西要来的东西或人；先行：〔antecedence〕Precedence.先行，在前，优先〔prevenience〕The act or state of being antecedent or prevenient.先行，在前：先前的或在前面的动作或状态〔precursory〕Preceding or preliminary; introductory:预先的：先行的或初步的；预备的： |
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