| 单词 | 先驱 |
| 释义 | 〔Glidden〕American telephone-industry pioneer who organized the first telephone exchange, in Lowell, Massachusetts (1877).格利登，查尔斯·贾斯珀：(1857-1927) 美国电话业的先驱，在马萨诸塞州的洛威尔（1877年）建立了第一家电话局〔trailblazer〕An innovative leader in a field; a pioneer.创始人：某一领域内的革新领袖；先驱〔Benz〕German automobile pioneer credited with manufacturing the first vehicle powered with an internal-combustion engine, patented in 1886.奔驰，卡尔·弗雷德里希：(1844-1929) 德国汽车业先驱，制造了第一辆以内燃机为动力的汽车，于1886年注册专利〔Sabin〕American pioneer anatomist noted for her investigations of the lymphatic system. She was the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1925).沙宾，弗洛伦斯·拉纳：(1871-1953) 美国解剖学家先驱，因 研究淋巴系统而著名。她是第一个被选入国家科学院的女性(1925年）〔Beers〕American mental-health pioneer who as a patient discovered abysmal conditions in asylums. On his release he wrote an autobiography,A Mind That Found Itself (1908), and thereafter worked for international mental-health reforms. 比尔斯，克利福德·惠延厄姆：(1876-1943) 美国心理卫生学的先驱。作为一个病人，他发现了精神病院极端恶劣的条件。刚一出院他就写了一本自传《发现本体的心智》 （1908年），从此以后致力于国际精神卫生的改革工作 〔Slater〕British-born textile pioneer in America. He oversaw construction of the nation's first successful water-powered cotton mill (1790-1793).斯莱特，塞缪尔：(1768-1835) 英国裔美国纺织业先驱。他督造了美国第一个成功的水力棉花加工厂(1790-1793年）〔Watson〕American telephone pioneer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments and was the leader of research and engineering for Bell Telephone Company (1877-1881).沃森，托马斯·奥古斯都：(1854-1934) 美国电话先驱，在实验中辅助亚历山大·格拉海姆·贝尔并担任贝尔电话公司工程研究的领导者(1877-1881年）〔Mantegna〕Italian painter and engraver who was a pioneer in the Renaissance style. Among his works are the altarpiece for the Church of San Zeno in Verona (1456-1459) and the wedding chamber at the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua (1474).曼特尼亚，安德烈亚：(1431-1506) 意大利画家和雕刻家，是文艺复兴风格的先驱，作品中主要有为维罗那的圣·吉诺教堂（1456-1459年）所做的圣坛作品和曼图亚都卡莱宫的婚礼厅〔Mitchell〕American soldier and aviation pioneer who was one of the first advocates of military air power.米切尔，威廉：(1879-1936) 美国军人和飞行先驱，他是军事制空权的最先倡导者之一〔Sarnoff〕American radio and television pioneer who proposed the first commercial radio receiver and in 1926 formed the National Broadcasting Company.萨尔诺夫，戴维：(1891-1971) 美国广播电视业的先驱，最先提出商业广播接收器计划，1926年建立全国广播公司〔Lartet〕French archaeologist and pioneer paleontologist who discovered examples of art dating from the Stone Age in caves of southwestern France.拉尔泰特，爱多艾德·阿曼德·伊西多尔·希波吕特：(1801-1871) 法国考古学家以及古生物学的先驱，曾在法国西南部山洞中发现石器时代的艺术品〔Bunsen〕German chemist who pioneered in spectrum analysis and codiscovered the elements casium and rubidium. He introduced the Bunsen burner in 1855.本生，罗伯特·威廉：(1811-1899) 德国化学家，是光谱分析领域的先驱，与人合作发现了铯和铷两种元素。1855年发明了本生灯〔Rhine〕American psychologist noted for his pioneering work in parapsychology.莱因，约瑟夫·班克斯：(1895-1980) 美国心理学家，以其在通灵学中的先驱工作而著名〔Becquerel〕Family of French physicists, includingAntoine César (1788-1878), one of the first investigators of electrochemistry; his son Alexandre Edmond (1820-1891), noted for his research on phosphorescence and spectroscopy; and his grandson Antoine Henri (1852-1908), who shared a 1903 Nobel Prize for fundamental work in nuclear physics. 贝克雷尔：法国物理学家世家，包括安托百·西萨 （1788-1878年），电化学的先驱研究者之一；他的儿子 亚历山大·埃德蒙 （1820-1891年），因磷光和分光镜的研究而著名；他的孙子 安托·亨利 （1852-1908年）由于在核物理学方面的重要工作而获1903年诺贝尔奖 〔Kierkegaard〕Danish religious philosopher. A precursor of modern existentialism, he insisted on the need for individual decision and leaps of faith in the search for religious truth, thereby contradicting Protestant dogma and Hegelianism. His works includeEither/Or and Fear and Trembling (both 1843). 克尔恺郭尔，瑟伦·阿比：(1813-1855) 丹麦宗教哲学家，现代存在主义先驱。他坚持在寻找宗教的真理时个人决定和信仰选择的需要，因而反对新教教条和黑格尔主义。他的著作包括《非此即彼》 和 《恐惧与颤栗》 （均出版于1843年） 〔Byron〕British poet acclaimed as one of the leading figures of the romantic movement. The "Byronic hero"—lonely, rebellious, and brooding—first appeared inManfred (1817). Among his other works are Childe Harold (1812-1818), The Prisoner of Chillon (1816), and the epic satire Don Juan (1819-1824). Byron was notorious for his love affairs and unconventional lifestyle. He died while working to secure Greek independence from the Turks. 拜伦，乔治·戈登：(1788-1824) 英国诗人，被公认为是浪漫主义运动的先驱。那象征着孤独、反抗和沉思的“拜伦式英雄”的形象最早出现在《曼弗雷德》 （1817年）里。他的其它著作有 《查尔德·哈洛尔德游记》 （1812至1818年）、 《希永的囚徒》 （1816年）以及讽刺长诗 《唐璜》 （1819至1824年）。由于他的恋爱经历和反传统的生活方式，拜伦在当时是名誉扫地的。他在从事希腊脱离土耳其而独立的工作去世 〔dystopian〕"AIDS is one of the dystopian harbingers of the global village"(Susan Sontag)“爱滋病是地球村反面乌托邦式的先驱”(苏珊·桑塔格)〔Purcell〕English composer and the leading musical figure of the baroque style in England.普赛尔，亨利：(1659?-1695) 美国作曲家及英国巴洛克音乐风格的先驱〔Leeuwenhoek〕Dutch microscopy pioneer and naturalist who formulated early descriptions of bacteria and spermatozoa.列文虎克，安东·范：(1632-1723) 荷兰显微学的先驱人物，博物学家。他系统地描述了细菌和精子〔Langley〕American astronomer and aviation pioneer who built the first successful heavier-than-air flying machines. He directed the Smithsonian Institution from 1887 to 1906.兰利，塞缪尔·皮尔伯恩特：(1834-1906) 美国宇航员和飞机制造业先驱，他成功地制造了了第一架比空气重的飞行器。于1887年至1906年间领导史密森学会〔Baer〕Estonian-born German naturalist and pioneer embryologist who discovered the mammalian egg (1827).拜尔，卡尔·厄恩斯特·冯：(1792-1876) 爱沙尼亚裔德国自然学家和胚胎学先驱，他发现了哺乳动物的卵（1827年）〔Husserl〕Austrian-born German philosopher. A leader in the development of phenomenology, he had a major influence on the existentialists.胡塞尔，埃德蒙：(1859-1938) 奥地利裔德国哲学家。现象学发展的先驱，他对存在主义者有很大影响〔Pollock〕American artist. Using his drip technique of painting, he became a leader of abstract expressionism in America.波洛克，杰克逊：(1912-1956) 美国艺术家。因运用他的“滴画法”而成为美国抽象主义的先驱〔Lucas〕American film director, producer, and screenwriter best known as a pioneer of special effects, especially in hisStar Wars motion-picture series, including Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and The Return of the Jedi (1983). 卢卡斯，乔治：美国电影导演、制片人和编剧，以电影特效先驱著称，尤其是《星际大战》 电影系列，包括 《星际大战》 （1977年）、 《帝国反击》 （1980年）以及 《绝地武士归来》 （1983年） 〔ancestor〕from Latin antecessor [predecessor] 源自 拉丁语 antecessor [先驱] 〔Lenin〕Russian founder of the Bolsheviks, leader of the Russian Revolution (1917), and first head of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). As a communist theoretician Lenin held that workers could not develop a revolutionary consciousness without the guidance of a vanguard party and that imperialism was a particular stage of capitalist development.列宁，弗拉基米尔·伊里奇：(1870-1924) 苏联布尔什维克的缔造者，俄国十月革命(1917年）的领导者，是前苏联的第一任领导人(1917-1924年）。作为一名共产主义的理论家，列宁认为：没有先驱政党的指导，工人就不能发展革命意识；帝国主义是资本主义发展过程中的一个特殊阶段〔Markham〕British aviation pioneer who was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean from east to west (1936).马卡姆，贝尔尹：(1903-1986) 英国航空事业的先驱，第一个自东向西单独飞越大西洋（1936年）的人〔Bichat〕French anatomist who pioneered the histological study of organs.比沙，玛丽·弗朗索瓦·泽维尔：(1771-1802) 法国解剖学家，器官组织学研究的先驱〔Sterne〕British writer whose masterpiece,Tristram Shandy (1761-1767), was a precursor to modern stream-of-consciousness novels. 斯特恩，劳伦斯：(1713-1768) 英国作家，经典作品《项狄传》 （1761-1767年）是现代意识流小说的先驱 〔Dittersdorf〕Austrian violinist and composer who is considered a precursor of Mozart in his use of operatic and symphonic forms.狄特斯达夫，卡尔·迪特斯·冯：(1739-1799) 奥地利小提琴家和作曲家，被认为在运用歌剧和交响乐形式方面是莫扎特的先驱〔Manet〕French painter and forerunner of impressionism whose works, includingLe Déjeuner sur l'Herbe ( Luncheon on the Grass, 1862), were highly controversial in his day. 马奈，爱多艾德：(1832-1883) 法国画家和印象派的先驱，他的作品包括《 Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe 》 （ 《草地上的午餐》 1862年），在当时引起极大争议 〔Scaliger〕Italian physician and scholar noted for his scientific and philosophical writings. His sonJoseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609), a French scholar, pioneered the modern study of classical texts. 斯卡利哲，尤里乌斯·凯撒：(1484-1558) 意大利医生和学者，以其科普和哲学著作出名。其子约瑟夫·尤斯图斯·斯卡利哲 (1540-1609年）是法国学者，为对古典文本作现代研究的先驱 〔Fitch〕American steamboat pioneer whose early designs (1787-1790) were successful but received insufficient financial backing for large-scale production.费奇，约翰：(1743-1798) 美国汽船航运先驱，他早年的设计（1787-1790年）很成功，但大规模的生产所获经济效益却很差〔Riemann〕German mathematician who was a pioneer of non-Euclidean geometry.黎曼，格奥尔格·弗雷德里希·伯恩哈德：(1826-1866) 德国数学家，他是非欧几里得几何学的先驱〔Quesnay〕French physician and pioneer political economist who emphasized the primary economic importance of land and agriculture.魁奈，弗朗索瓦：(1694-1774) 法国医生及政治经济学先驱，他强调了土地和农业基础经济的重要性〔stampede〕The Spanish wordestampida, meaning "explosion, bang, crash, uproar,” seems very fitting to describe a rush of animals, such as buffaloes, horses, or cattle,and was so used first in American Spanish.From this use came our wordstampede (actually from the Spanishestampido, a masculine noun corresponding to the feminine estampida, first recorded in 1828). Thusstampede, now a general English word, is an Americanism, that is, a word or expression that originated in the United States.Later the United States was to see stampedes of miners who rushed westward to find gold.Not surprisingly, an early instance of this word to describe a stampede of human beings is found in theSan Francisco Herald in 1851. 西班牙语estampida 的意思是“爆炸，巨响，击碎，吼叫”， 似乎很适合形容兽群如野牛、马群或牛的惊跑，并且首先被使用于美国西班牙语中。由此就出现了我们的stampede （事实上源于与西班牙语estampida 相对应的 estampido ，于1828年首次被记录下来）。 因此，stampede ，一个目前很普遍的英语词，是一种美国英语， 也就是说来源于美国的一个单词或词组。后来，美国目睹了成千上万向西淘金的人群。1851年在旧金山的先驱 中出现了形容大批人群蜂拥而至的这个字就不足为怪了 〔Fitz〕American pioneer in pathology who identified appendicitis and proposed surgery for its cure.菲茨，雷金纳德·赫博：(1843-1913) 美国病理学的先驱，他确诊了阑尾炎并提出了外科手术治疗法〔Muybridge〕British-born American motion-picture pioneer noted for his photographs of horses in motion, taken by a series of still cameras.迈布里奇，伊德韦尔德：(1830-1904) 英国裔美国动态摄影先驱，以其通过一系列静物摄影机拍下的移动中的马的照片而著名〔Brady〕American pioneer photographer who was famous for his portraits and was appointed official Union photographer of the Civil War in 1861.布雷迪，马修B.：(1823-1896) 美国摄影先驱，因其肖像摄影而闻名，在1861年美国内战中被指定为官方摄影协会成员〔progenitor〕An originator of a line of descent; a precursor.前辈：家族血脉的开始者；先驱 |
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