| 单词 | 克里奥 |
| 释义 | 〔Pergamum〕An ancient Greek city and kingdom of western Asia Minor in modern-day western Turkey. It passed to Rome in the second centuryb.c. and was noted for its sculpture and its library, which Mark Antony gave to Cleopatra. 帕加马：古希腊城市，西亚次大陆的一个王国，在今土耳其西部。在第二个世纪时，它归于罗马公元前 ，以雕塑和马克·安东尼给女王克里奥培特拉的图书馆而著名 〔Lingala〕A creole based on Bantu, widely spoken as a lingua franca in Zaire.林格拉语：在扎伊尔广泛使用的交际语，班国语基础的克里奥耳语（混合语）〔juke〕Gullah, the English-based Creole language spoken by Black people off the coast of Georgia and South Carolina,retains a number of words from the West African languages brought over by slaves.One such word isjuke, "bad, wicked, disorderly,”the probable source of the English wordjuke. Used chiefly in the Southeastern states,juke (also appearing in the compound juke joint ) means a roadside drinking establishment that offers cheap drinks, food, and music for dancingand often doubles as a brothel."To juke" is to dance,particularly at a juke joint or to the music of a jukebox whose name, no longer regional and having lost the connotation of sleaziness, contains the same word.格勒语是沿美国乔治亚洲和南卡罗来纳州海岸的黑人说的以英语为基础的克里奥耳语。该语言仍保留着一些由奴隶带过来的西非各种语言中的单词。其中之一就是juke ， 意为“坏的，邪恶的，杂乱无序的”，这可能就是英语单词juke 的词源。 主要在东南部各州使用的juke （也出现在复合词 juke joint 中）， 意为公路旁边供应廉价饮料、食物和跳舞的音乐，以及经常兼作妓院的小酒馆。"To juke"意为跳舞，尤其是在廉价小酒店里跳或伴着自动唱机里的音乐跳。这种投币或自动唱机的名称不再具地方性，也失去了低级庸俗的涵义〔lagniappe〕Lagniappe derives from New World Spanish la ñapa, "the gift,” and perhaps ultimately from Quechua yapay, "to give more.” The word came into the rich Creole dialect mixture of New Orleans and there acquired a French spelling. It is still used chiefly in southern Louisiana to denote a little bonus that a friendly shopkeeper might add to a purchase. By extension, it may mean "an extra or unexpected gift or benefit.” Lagniappe 源于新大陆西班牙语中的 la~napa （“礼物”），而且也许最终来自盖丘亚语中的 yapay （“给得更多”）。这个词进入了新奥尔良富有的克里奥耳人的对话用语并因此具有了法语的拼法。直至今日它还是主要用于路易斯安那州的南部，用来形容那些友好的店主们可能会在你所购物之外给予额外的东西。根据它的延伸意，该词可以指“额外的或意料不到的礼物或收益。” 〔Gottschalk〕American composer and pianist whose compositions, such asThe Dying Poet (1864), often incorporate Black and Creole rhythms. 戈特沙尔科，路易斯·莫罗：(1829-1869) 美国作曲家和钢琴家，他的作品，如《临死的诗人》 （1864年），经常采用黑人和克里奥耳旋律混合的形式 〔ratafia〕[perhaps of West Indian Creole origin] [可能来源于西印度克里奥耳语] 〔tafia〕[perhaps of West Indian Creole origin] [可能源于西印度群岛的克里奥语] 〔Oliver〕American jazz musician and composer who had a great influence on the style of Louis Armstrong. His Creole Jazz Band was the first Black group to make jazz recordings.奥利弗，约瑟夫：(1885?-1938) 美国爵士乐手和作曲家，对于路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的音乐风格产生极大影响。他的克里奥耳爵士乐队是第一个录制唱片的黑人音乐组〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” 〔patois〕A creole.克里奥语化的语言〔Papiamentu〕A creole based on Portuguese and pidginized Spanish and spoken in the Netherlands Antilles.帕皮亚门托语：一种荷属安的列斯群岛讲的基本葡萄牙语，并混有西班牙语的克里奥语化的语言 |
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