| 单词 | 共同 |
| 释义 | 〔Sankhya〕sam [together] * see sandhi sam [共同] * 参见 sandhi〔arbitration〕The process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision.仲裁，公断：争执双方将分歧诉诸双方共同认可或条例规定的公正的个人或组织的过程〔Olmec〕A member of any of various peoples who contributed to the Olmec civilization.奥尔梅克人：共同创造奥尔梅克文明的任一民族的成员〔confocal〕Having the same focus or foci. Used of a lens.共焦的：有共同焦点的。用于透镜〔mechanical〕A layout consisting of type proofs, artwork, or both, exactly positioned and prepared for making an offset or other printing plate.版面设计：由活字校样、图片或两者共同组成的编排，用做胶版或其他形式的印刷版〔conspiracy〕An agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act.阴谋：一种共同进行非法的、错误的或颠覆性活动的协定〔collinear〕Containing a common line; coaxial.共轴的：含有共同直线的；共轴的〔porpoise〕Any of several gregarious toothed whales of the genusPhocaena and related genera, of oceanic waters, characteristically having a blunt snout and a triangular dorsal fin. Also called sea hog 鼠海豚：一种鼠海豚 属小型群集齿鲸，其共同特点是生活于海洋中，生有钝圆白的吻部以及三角形的背鳍 也作 sea hog〔host〕Host was used as a verb in Shakespeare's time, but this usage was long obsoletewhen the verb was reintroduced (or perhaps reinvented) in recent yearsto mean "perform the role of a host.”The usage occurs particularly in contexts relating to institutional gatherings or television and radio shows,where the person performing the role of host has not personally invited the guests to his or her own establishment (thus it would be odd to sayThis evening we are hosting a dinner party at our house for my husband's cousins from New York ). Perhaps because the verb involves a suspect extension of the traditional conception of hospitality,it initially met with critical resistance.In a 1968 surveyonly 18 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the usage in the sentenceThe Cleveland chapter will host this year's convention. Over time, however,the usage has become increasingly well establishedand appears to serve a useful purpose in describing the activities of one who performs the ceremonial or practical role of a host (in arranging a conference or entertainment, welcoming guests, and so forth).In our most recent survey53 percent of the Panelists accepted the usage in the phrasea reception hosted by the Secretary of State. The verb is less well accepted when used to describe the role of a performer who acts as a master of ceremonies for a broadcast or film,where the relation of the word to the notion of "hospitality" is stretched still further.Only 31 percent of the Panel accepted the use of the verb in the sentenceStudents have watched Sex, Drugs and AIDS, a graphic film hosted by actress Rae Dawn Chong. · The verbcohost has likewise become well established in its use to refer to those who collaborate in assuming responsibility for an occasion. Fifty-eight percent of the Usage Panel accepted this use in the sentenceThe Department of Architecture and the Department of History will be cohosting a reception for conference participants. Host 一词在莎士比亚时代用作动词， 但自那时起这一用法很长时间不用了，直到近年来又被重新起用（或者可能重新创造），用来表示“担当主人的角色”。这一用法尤其在学术聚会或电视、电台节目的情况下使用，在这些情况下，身为主人的人并没有以私人身份邀请客人去到他或她自己的家中，（这样的话，如果我们说今天晚上我们将在家中为我丈夫来自纽约的表兄妹‘主办’一个晚餐会 就会觉得有点别扭）。 也许是因为有人认为这一动词用法会扩大传统的“好客”概念，所以一开始它就遭到了批评性抑制。在1968年的一次调查中，用法专题使用小组中18%的成员在如下句子中的用法，即克利夫兰分会将主办本年度的大会。 但是，随着时间的推移，这一用法已逐渐被接受，并在描绘一个担当司仪或具体的主人任务（例如安排会议或娱乐活动，欢迎客人等等）时起到了很好的作用。在我们最近一次的调查中，用法专题使用小组中的53%的成员接受了短语由国务卿出面举办的招待会 中"host"一词的用法。 但当这一动词用法用来描绘作为广播节目或电影节目的主持人的主持工作时，人们就不太接受其用法，因为这样用，这个词与“好客”这一概念的关系就更松了。只有31%的用法专题使用小组成员接受host在句子学生们观摩了 由 演员雷·唐·宗主持解说的纪录片 ‘性、毒品与艾滋病’”中的动词用法。 同样，用来表示分工合作共同举办某一活动的动词cohost 也已被普遍接受。 58%的用法专题使用小组成员接受这一动词在如下句子中的用法：建筑系和历史系将共同为与会者举办一次招待会 〔converge〕To tend toward or achieve union or a common conclusion or result:达成一致：趋于或达成联合、共同结论或者结果：〔incommensurable〕Lacking a common quality on which to make a comparison.不能比较的：缺乏能进行比较的共同特质的〔correspond〕Latin com- [com-] 拉丁语 com- [共同] 〔diarchy〕Government by two joint rulers.两头政治：两个统治者共同执掌权力的政府〔privity〕Knowledge of something private or secret shared between individuals, especially with the implication of approval or consent.私下知悉，默契：几个人共同知道的秘密或隐秘的事情，尤指一致赞同或同意〔sibling〕One of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common; a brother or sister.兄弟姐妹：有一个或两个共同双亲的两个或更多的个体中的一个；一个兄弟或姐妹〔sannyasi〕sam [together] * see Sanskrit sam [共同] * 参见 Sanskrit〔comfit〕com- [com-] com- [表示“与，和，共同，完全”的意思] 〔hookup〕A system of electric circuits and electrically powered equipment designed to operate together:联网：经设计可共同运转的电路和电力设备系统：〔develop〕developed the site as a community of condominiums.将这个地方建设成一个共同管辖的社区〔coeternal〕Equally or jointly eternal.永远并存的：相同地或共同地永存的〔jointly〕In common; together.共同地，联合地；一起，连带地〔Livingstone〕Scottish missionary and African explorer. He discovered the Zambezi River (1851) and Victoria Falls (1855). Henry M. Stanley found him in Tanzania (1871), and together they attempted to find the source of the Nile.利文斯通，戴维：(1813-1873) 苏格兰传教士及非洲探险家。他发现了赞比西河（1851年）和维多利亚瀑布（1855年）。亨利·Ｍ·史坦利在坦桑尼亚找到他然后二人试图共同寻找尼罗河的源头〔Reid〕Scottish philosopher who founded a philosophy of common sense largely as a reaction to the ideas of David Hume.里德，托马斯：(1710-1796) 苏格兰哲学家，建立了共同意识的哲学，主要作为对大卫·休姆的思想的反应〔pack〕An organized troop having common interests:一个团体：有共同兴趣的有组织的群体：〔trot〕The gait of a horse or other four-footed animal, between a walk and a canter in speed, in which diagonal pairs of legs move forward together.马的小跑：马或其它四足动物介于行走和快跑之间的一种步态，前进时是对角线的双腿共同向前移动〔universal〕Applicable or common to all purposes, conditions, or situations:普遍的：可用于或共同于所有目的、条件或情况的：〔community〕from commūnis [common] * see common 源自 commūnis [共同] * 参见 common〔Pennell〕American writer known for her art and cooking columns. She collaborated with her husbandJoseph Pennell (1857-1956), an illustrator, on a number of works, including Lithography and Lithographers (1898). 彭尼尔，伊丽莎白·罗宾斯：(1855-1936) 以杰出的艺术创作及烹调专栏而著名的美国作家，与她的插图画家丈夫约瑟夫·佩内尔 (1857-1956年）共同创作了包括 《平版印刷术和平版画师》 （1898年）等许多作品 〔span〕A pair of animals, such as oxen, matched in size, strength, or color and driven as a team.共轭（马、骡）：一对大小、力气或颜色互相搭配并被共同驾驭的动物，如牛〔elevation〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "the distance of something above a point of reference such as the horizon": 这些名词所具有的共同意思是“从地平线看某件事物达到的高度”： 〔bind〕bound by a deep sense of duty; bound by a common interest in sports.为强烈的责任感所驱使；由于对体育运动的共同兴趣而结合〔familiar〕Intimate suggests bonds of affection or understanding resulting from the sharing of interests, problems, and experiences: Intimate 强调在共享乐趣、经历或共同解决困难基础上建立起来的感情和理解上的密切关系： 〔association〕Abbr. assn.,assoc.An organized body of people who have an interest, an activity, or a purpose in common; a society.缩写 assn.,assoc.协会：有共同兴趣、活动或目的的有组织的人群团体；学会〔Zinoviev〕Soviet politician. A close colleague of Lenin, he shared power with Kamenev and Stalin after Lenin's death (1924). Joining Trotsky and Kamenev in opposition to Stalin, he was expelled from the party (1927) and was ultimately executed during a Stalinist purge.季诺维也夫，格里高利·伊夫塞耶维奇：(1883-1936) 苏联政治家，列宁亲密的战友，在列宁死后(1924年），与加米涅夫和斯大林共同执政，因加入反对斯大林的托洛茨基和加米涅夫一派，被开除出党(1927年）,最后在斯大林清党中被处死〔nationalism〕The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals.国家主义：国家将从独立发展中受益而不是和其他国家共同发展中受益的信仰，强调国家内部的自标而不是国家间的〔cartel〕A group of parties, factions, or nations united in a common cause; a bloc.政治联盟：一些政党、派别或民族为共同事业而组成的联盟；跨党派议员集团〔movement〕An organized effort by supporters of a common goal:运动团体：有共同目的的支持者所进行的有组织的集体努力：〔sewellel〕A small, thick-bodied rodent(Aplodontia rufa) of the Pacific coast of North America, having tiny eyes and small ears and usually found in communal burrows dug in the banks of streams. Also called mountain beaver 鼠獭：一种产于北美太平洋沿海的身体小巧、厚实的啮齿类动物（短尾狸） 属，长有小眼和小耳朵且通常于在溪流岸边挖掘的共同洞穴中发现 也作 mountain beaver〔aggregate〕"An empire is the aggregate of many states under one common head"(Edmund Burke)“帝国是具有共同首脑的多个国家的总和”(埃德蒙·伯克)〔subbranch〕A subdivision that has common differentiating characteristics within a larger branch.小分支：较大分支机构中具共同差异性的小分支 |
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