| 单词 | 共同体 |
| 释义 | 〔collegium〕"This standing firm . . . enables the college to be a community, a collegium of students and faculty working at common problems and possibilities from the shared perspective of the liberal arts"(Robert A. Spivey)“该常设机构…使这个学院成为一个共同体，一个由教师与学生组成的群体，从对人文科学的共同认识出发，解决共同的问题，探索共同的可能性”(罗伯特A.斯皮维)〔embryo〕"To its founding fathers, the European[Economic] Community was the embryo of the United States of Europe" (Economist)“对于它的创立者，欧洲［经济］ 共同体就是欧洲联邦的雏形” (经济学家)〔medium〕The etymologically plural formmedia is often used as a singular to refer to a particular means of communication,as inThis is the most exciting new media since television. This usage is widely regarded as incorrect;medium is preferred. A stronger case can be made in defense of the use ofmedia as a collective term, as inThe media has not shown much interest in covering the issue. As with the analogous wordsdata and agenda, the originally plural form has begun to acquire a sense that departs from that of the singular: used as a collective term,media denotes an industry or community. Thus the example sentence given here would not be appropriately paraphrased asNo medium has shown much interest in covering the issue, which suggests that the disinclination abides in the means of communication itselfrather than in its practitioners.Ifmedia follows the pattern of data and agenda, this singular use may become entirely acceptable someday.But despite its utility,many people still regard it as a grammatical error.语源复数形式media 常用作单数， 用来指传播手段中的某一种，例如在下面这是自电视出现以来最激动人心的新式传媒 的句子中。 许多人都认为这一用法是不正确的；他们还是喜欢用medium 这一单数形式。 我们能提出更为有力的例子来为media 作为集合名词的用法进行辩护， 如下面的句子：大众传媒对于报道这一事件没有表现出多大兴趣 。 正如类似于原为复数形式的其他两个词data 和 agenda 已经开始具有其单数形式的含义： 用作集合名词的media 现在则可以指传播工业或共同体。 这样的话，我们刚才给出的例句就不能改成如下形式：没有传媒对报道这一事件表现出很大兴趣 ， 因为这样改动后，这句话所表示的是传播工具本身的不愿意，而不是业者的不愿意。如果media 也象 data 和 agenda 那样， 那么它作为单数形式的用法总有一天会被完全接受的。但是不管它的实用性大小，许多人仍将其视为一个语法错误〔subvert〕"schemes to subvert the liberties of a great community"(Alexander Hamilton)“一个意欲摧毁大共同体的自由的阴谋”(亚历山大·汉密尔顿)〔anchorage〕The Bank of England is often regarded as the anchorage of the European financial community.英格兰银行被视为欧洲金融共同体的稳定支柱〔mycorrhiza〕The symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of certain plants, such as conifers, beeches, or orchids.菌根：真菌的菌丝体和某些植物，如松柏类、山毛榉或者石兰的共同体〔Judaism〕The Jews considered as a people or community.犹太人，犹太民族：被认为是一个民族或一个共同体的犹太人 |
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