| 单词 | 共和国 |
| 释义 | 〔Pennsylvania〕A state of the eastern United States. It was admitted as one of the original Thirteen Colonies in 1787. First explored in the early 1600's, the region was settled by Swedes in 1634 and granted by royal charter to William Penn in 1681. The Mason-Dixon Line (surveyed in 1763-1767) established the colony's southern boundary and was extended westward in 1784. Pennsylvania played a crucial role in the American Revolution and in the formation of the new republic. Harrisburg is the capital and Philadelphia the largest city. Population, 11,924,710.宾夕法尼亚州：美国东部的一个州，1787年成为东部十三州殖民地之一，16世纪早期首次被探险，瑞典人于1634年在此定居并于1681年经皇家宪章批准归属彭·威廉。梅森-狄克森线(1763-1767年间勘定）为这一殖民地建立了南界，并于1784年向西扩延。宾夕法尼亚州在美国独立战争及新共和国成立中起重要作用，首府为哈里斯堡，最大城市是费城。人口11,924,710〔president〕Often President The chief executive of a republic. 常作 President 总统：共和国的最高行政长官〔Johnson〕The 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). Elected Vice President (1864), he succeeded the assassinated Abraham Lincoln as President. His administration was marked by reconstruction policies in the South and the purchase of Alaska (1867). An attempt to unseat Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment on purely political charges brought by Republican senators (1868). Johnson was acquitted by one vote.约翰逊，安德鲁：(1808-1875) 美国第17任总统(1865-1869年）。他于1864年当选副总统，在阿伯拉罕·林肯遇刺后继任总统。他执政时推行南部重建政策，并于1867年买下了阿拉斯加。因试图罢免国防部长埃德温·斯坦顿，约翰逊还受到共和国参议员们关于纯粹政治性原因的指控(1868年）。约翰逊在一次投票后被宣告无罪〔Catiline〕Roman politician and conspirator who led an unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic while Cicero was a consul.凯蒂林：罗马政治家和阴谋家，在西塞罗执政时期领导了颠覆罗马共和国的反叛运动，最后以失败告终〔Houston〕American general and politician who fought in the Texan struggle for independence from Mexico and became president of the Republic of Texas (1836-1838 and 1841-1844). When Texas was admitted to the Union, he served as U.S. senator (1845-1859) and governor (1859-1861).休斯顿，塞缪尔：(1793-1863) 美国将军及政治家，曾参与得克萨斯从墨西哥争取独立的斗争，后成为得克萨斯共和国总统（任期为1836-1838年和1841年-1844年）当得萨克斯加入联邦后，他于1845年-1859年当选为美国国会参议员，并于1859年-1861年当选为州长〔Wieland〕German writer and translator whose works include ornate poetry, novels, such as the satireRepublic of Fools (1774), and translations of many Shakespearian plays. 维兰德，克里斯托·马丁：(1733-1813) 德国作家和翻译家，其作品包括词藻华丽的诗歌、小说，如讽刺小说《傻子共和国》 （1774年），另外还翻译了许多莎士比亚的剧本 〔Tajik〕A member of a people inhabiting the Tadzhik S.S.R. and neighboring areas in the U.S.S.R., Afghanistan, and China.塔吉克人：居住在塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国和相邻的原苏联、阿富汗和中国地区内民族成员〔Coty〕French politician and the last president (1953-1959) of the Fourth Republic. He was instrumental in recalling Charles de Gaulle to power (1959).科蒂，莱恩：(1882-1962) 法国政治家和第四共和国的最后一位总统（1953-1959年）。在使查尔斯·戴高乐重新上台中（1959年）起了作用〔Austin〕The capital of Texas, in the south-central part of the state. Austin was selected as the capital of the Republic of Texas in 1839 and became the permanent capital of the state of Texas in 1870. The main campus of the University of Texas (established 1881) is here. Population, 465,622.奥斯汀：美国得克萨斯州首府，位于该州中南部。该城于1839年被选为得克萨斯共和国首都，并于1870年成为该州永久性首府。得克萨斯大学（建于1881年）的主要校址即在此。人口465,622〔Belorussia〕Also Bel.o.rus.sian Soviet Socialist Republic [-rŭshʹən] A constituent republic of west-central European U.S.S.R. Colonized originally by Slavs, it was controlled at various times by Lithuania and Poland and became part of the U.S.S.R. in 1922. Minsk is the capital. Population, 9,942,000. 也作 Bel.o.rus.sian Soviet Socialist Republic [-rŭshʹən] 白俄罗斯：苏联欧洲部分中西部一个有选举权的共和国。最早为斯拉夫人的殖民地，在不同时期曾为立陶宛和波兰所统治，1922年成为苏联的一部分。明斯克为其首都。人口9,942,000〔junk〕"the junk issues that have dominated this year's election"(New Republic)“支配本年度选举的华而不实的议题”(新共和国)〔lure〕"The French King attempted by splendid offers to seduce him from the cause of the Republic" (Macaulay).“法国国王试图以十分优厚的条件诱使他脱离共和国的事业” （麦考利）〔Tadzhikistan〕Also Ta.dzhik Soviet Socialist Republic [tä-jĭkʹ, tə-] A constituent republic of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. It became a constituent republic in 1929. Dushanbe is the capital. Population, 4,499,000. 也作 Ta.dzhik Soviet Socialist Republic [tä-jĭkʹ, tə-] 塔吉克斯坦：原苏联中亚南部一加盟共和国。它于1929年成为一个加盟共和国。杜尚别为其首都。人口4,499,000〔Ebert〕German politician who as president of the German Republic (1919-1925) attempted to unite his country after its defeat in World War I and suppressed Hitler's attempt to establish a dictatorship in Bavaria (1923).艾伯特，弗雷德里希：(1871-1925) 德国政治家，任德意志共和国总统(1919-1925年）期间曾试图统一第一次世界大战中的国土，并遏制了希特勒在巴伐利亚建立独裁的企图(1923年）〔Brunswick〕A region and former duchy of north-central Germany. Established in the 13th century, the duchy became independent in 1918 before joining the Weimar Republic.不伦瑞克：德国中部偏北的一地区，原为领地。建于13世纪，1918年独立后即加入魏玛共和国〔Weimar〕A city of central Germany southwest of Leipzig. First mentioned in 975, it became the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Weimar in 1547 and developed as the most important cultural center in Germany after the arrival of Goethe in 1775. In 1919 the German National Assembly met here and established theWeimar Republic, which lasted until 1933. Population, 64,007. 威玛：德国中部莱比锡西南的一城市。最早的有关它的记载是在975年，1547年成为萨克森-威玛公爵领地的首府，在1775年哥德到达后，它逐渐发展成为德国最重要的文化中心。1919年，德国国民代表大会在此召开，建立了魏玛共和国 ，该共和国1933年灭亡。人口64,007 〔Ingushetia〕An autonomous republic of southwest Russia in the northern Caucasus west of Chechnya. Conquered by Russia in the 19th century, it became the Ingush Autonomous Region (1924) and later formed (with Chechnya) a part of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936). Ingushetia approved separation from Chechnya in a referendum (1991) and became an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation the following year.印古什共和国：俄罗斯西南部自治共和国，位于车臣以西的高加索北部。19世纪被俄罗斯征服后成为印古什自治区（1924年），后来成为车臣-印古什自治苏维埃社会主义共和国的一部分（1936年）。经公民投票表决同意印古什脱离车臣（1991年）并于第二年成为俄罗斯联邦的自治共和国〔pack〕"In 1937 Roosevelt threatened to pack the court"(New Republic)"1937年罗斯福威胁说要买通法官”(新共和国)〔patrician〕A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third centuryb.c. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. （古罗马）贵族：古代罗马共和国的贵族家庭的成员，在公元前 3世纪前，在元老院和执政官方面拥有特殊权利 〔go〕"A record number of . . . banks went belly up"(New Republic)“银行的破产数目简直创纪录了”(新共和国)〔republic〕An autonomous or partially autonomous political and territorial unit belonging to a sovereign federation.加盟共和国：一个属于某一最高联邦政府的且在政治上和领土上具有自治权或部分自治权的单位〔curia〕The Roman senate or any of the various buildings in which it met in republican Rome.元老院：古罗马的元老院或者罗马共和国时期元老院聚会的众多建筑物之一〔ripe〕"By 1965 the republic was ripe for a coup"(Alex Shoumatoff)“在1965年，共和国发动了一次政变”(亚历克斯·肖马托夫)〔headquarter〕"Despite the derivation of its name, the former Texas Oil Company is headquartered in White Plains, New York"(New Republic)“尽管前得克萨斯石油公司得名于州名，但它的总部还是设在纽约的怀特普莱恩斯”(新共和国)〔Belau〕A group of volcanic islands and islets in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. When the Carolines became part of the Federated States of Micronesia in 1978, Belau chose to form a republic in free association with the United States, which is responsible for its defense until 1996.贝劳：太平洋西部加罗林群岛中的一组火山岛和小岛。当加罗林群岛在1978年成为密克罗尼西亚联邦一部分时，贝劳人决定与美国建立一个有自由联盟关系的共和国，美国将在1996年之前负责它的防卫〔reshape〕"media consultants whose TV ads reshape candidates' images to suit ephemeral public tastes"(New Republic)“媒介顾问的电视广告重塑候选人的形象以迎合大众的暂时口味”(新共和国)〔Chuvashia〕An autonomous republic of western Russia in the Volga River valley. Conquered by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries, the area came under Russian rule in 1552. It became an autonomous region in 1920 and an autonomous republic in 1925. In 1992 Chuvashia was a signatory to the agreement that created the Russian Federation.楚瓦什共和国：俄罗斯西部的自治共和国，位于伏尔加河谷。13世纪和14世纪该地区被蒙古人征服，1552年划入俄罗斯的势力范围。1920年成为自治区并于1925年成为自治共和国。1992年楚瓦什签署了成立俄罗斯联邦的协议〔doge〕The elected chief magistrate of the former republics of Venice and Genoa.总督：由威尼斯和热那亚两共和国选举出的总督〔pissant〕"Some pissant Texas court wants to make[the company] pay . . . more than $10 billion in reparations" (New Republic)“某个过于一丝不苟的得克萨斯法庭要求［公司］ 支出超过100亿美元的赔偿” (新共和国)〔Tatarstan〕An autonomous republic of west-central Russia. The site of a powerful Bulgar state after the 8th century, the region was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century and by Moscow in 1552. The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1920, and in 1991 it declared its independence. Along with Chechnya, the republic was not a signatory to the 1992 treaty that created the Russian Federation, but it did join later, in 1994.鞑靼斯坦共和国：俄罗斯中西部自治共和国。8世纪后是强大的保加利亚人国家所在地，13世纪鞑靼斯坦被蒙古人统治，1552年由莫斯科管辖。鞑靼自治苏维埃社会主义共和国成立于1920年并于1991年宣告独立。鞑靼斯坦共和国和车臣地区都未签署1992年成立俄罗斯联邦的条约，但随后在1994年鞑靼斯坦共和国加入俄罗斯联邦〔Lippmann〕American journalist. He cofounded (1914) the weeklyNew Republic and won a Pulitzer Prize in 1958 and 1962. 利普曼，华特：美国新闻记者。他与人合办周刊《新共和国》 （1914年）并分别于1958年和1962年获普利策奖 〔oblast〕An administrative territorial division within a constituent republic of the Soviet Union.州：苏联各加盟共和国的行政区划〔Rome〕The capital and largest city of Italy, in the west-central part of the country on the Tiber River. Traditionally founded by Romulus and Remus, it was ruled first by Etruscans, who were overthrown c. 500b.c. The Roman Republic gradually extended its territory and expanded its influence, giving way to the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus (27 b.c. - a.d. 14). As capital of the empire, Rome was considered the center of the known world, but the city declined when Constantine transferred his capital to Byzantium (323). Alaric I conquered the city in 410, leading to a lengthy period of devastation by barbarian tribes. In the Middle Ages the city revived as the spiritual and temporal power of the papacy increased. During the 1800's Rome was held at various times by the French until it became the capital of Italy in 1871. Vatican City remains an independent enclave within the confines of Rome. Population, 2,830,569. 罗马：意大利的首都及最大城市，在该国中西部，濒临台伯河。传统上认为罗马由罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯创建，伊特鲁里亚人最先统治罗马，并于公元前 500年被推翻。罗马共和国逐渐扩展领土和扩大势力，在奥古斯都( 公元前 27年- 公元 14年）统治时期成为罗马帝国。罗马作为帝国的首都，被认为是世界的中心，当康斯坦丁把国都迁往拜占庭后(323年），罗马衰落了。阿拉里克一世于410年征服了罗马从而使野蛮部落给罗马带来长期毁灭性的灾难。中世纪时，随着教皇宗教和世俗权力的上升，罗马又恢复了生机。19世纪期间，罗马不时受到法国人的统治，直至1871成为意大利的首都。梵蒂冈仍为罗马境内独立的外国领地。人口2,830,569 〔commonwealth〕Abbr. comm.A nation or state governed by the people; a republic.缩写 comm.共和国：由人民管理的国家或州；共和国〔duumvirate〕Any of various two-man executive boards in the Roman Republic.双人执政：任一罗马共和国各种双人执政机构〔Croly〕American writer and editor who founded (1914) the liberal journalThe New Republic. 克罗里，赫伯特·戴维：(1869-1930) 美国作家和编辑，他于1914年创建了自由期刊《新共和国》 〔Azerbaijan〕Also Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic or A.zer.bai.dzhan Soviet Socialist Republic A constituent republic of southeast European U.S.S.R. It was formed from territory ceded to Russia by Persia in 1813 and 1828 and became a constituent republic in 1936. Baku is the capital. Population, 6,614,000. 也作 Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 或 A.zer.bai.dzhan Soviet Socialist Republic 阿塞拜疆：苏联东南欧洲部分的加盟共和国。它是由在1813年和1828年被波斯从苏联割让的领土形成的，在1936年成为一个加盟共和国。巴库是首都。人口6,614,000〔Armenia〕Also Ar.me.ni.an Soviet Socialist Republic [-mēʹnē-ən, -mēnʹyən] A constituent republic of southeast European U.S.S.R. in the southern Caucasus. It was acquired by Russia from Persia in 1828 and became a Soviet republic in 1921 and a constituent republic in 1936. Yerevan is the capital. Population, 3,317,000. 也作 Ar.me.ni.an Soviet Socialist Republic [-mēʹnē-ən, -mēnʹyən] 亚美尼亚：苏联欧洲部分东南部高加索南部的一个加盟共和国。1828年俄国从波斯手中获得亚美尼亚，1921年亚美尼亚成为苏联的一个共和国，1936年成为加盟共和国。首都为埃里温。人口3,317,000〔subtle〕"a journalist whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind and a demanding ethical sensibility"(New Republic)“一位就我们时代的一些难题有敏锐见解的新闻记者，他的敏锐的见解根植于不屈不挠的精神和苛求的道德的敏感性”(新共和国)〔riddle〕"Election campaigns have always been riddled with demagogy and worse"(New Republic)“选举活动总是充斥了煽动和坏事”(新共和国) |
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