| 单词 | 其后 |
| 释义 | 〔Franco〕Spanish soldier and political leader who directed the Nationalist government and rebel armed forces that defeated the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). He ruled as dictator (1939-1975) until his death, upon which the Bourbon monarchy was restored.佛朗哥，弗朗西斯科：(1892-1975) 西班牙军人和政治领袖，领导民族主义政府在反对西班牙内战中(1936-1939年）击退共和党员的武装力量。他在（1939-1975年）年期间以独裁者姿态统治直到死，其后波旁皇室君主政体复位〔refit〕A secondary or subsequent preparation of supplies and equipment.再筹备：第二次或其后对给养和设备的筹备工作〔distribute〕Dole, often followed byout, implies careful, usually sparing measurement of portions; it can refer to the distribution of charity ( Dole, 其后常跟out 指细致地，通常是节省所应分发的份额的测量； 可指给予施舍( 〔hob〕A shelf or projection at the back or side of a fireplace, used for keeping food or utensils warm.铁架：火炉旁或其后用于食品或厨具保温的铁架或凸出物〔modern〕The wordmodern, first recorded in 1585 in the sense "of present or recent times,” has traveled through the centuriesdesignating things that inevitably must become old-fashionedas the word itself goes on to the next modern thing.We have now invented the wordpostmodern, as if we could finally fixmodern in time, but evenpostmodern (first recorded in 1949) will seem fusty in the end, perhaps sooner thanmodern will. Going back to Late Latinmodernus, "modern,” which is derived frommodo in the sense "just now,” the English wordmodern (first recorded at the beginning of the 16th century) was not originally concerned with anything that could be later considered old-fashioned. It simply meant "being at this time, now existing,” an obsolete sense today.Beginning in the later 16th century, however, we see the word contrasted with the wordancient and also used of technology in a way that is clearly related to our own modern way of using the word.Modern was being applied specifically to what pertained to present times and also to what was new and not old-fashioned.Thus in the 19th and 20th centuries the word could be used to designate a movement in art,which is now being followed by postmodernism.单词modern 首次于1585年以“现在的或最近的时代”的意义被记载， 它已经历了数个世纪，表明必然会变得过时的事物，就象这个词本身也会继续走向更加现代。现在我们已发明了单词postmodern， 仿佛我们终于能及时固定住modern 的了， 但即使是postmodern （首次于1949年记载）最终也会显得过时， 也许比modern 更快。 可追溯至近代拉丁词modernus “现代的”， 源自表示“刚才”意思的modo ， 英语单词modern （首先在16世纪初被记载）原本与后来被认为过时的事物没有任何联系。 它只意味着“现时的，现存的”，今天已废弃了的一个意思。然而从16世纪晚期我们看到这个词成为ancient 的反义词并且用于科技， 其意义与我们现在使用的意义明显相关。Modern 当时特指现时的事物， 也指新的且不过时的事物。因此在19世纪和20世纪这个词能被用来表示艺术上的一个运动，现在尾随其后的是后现代主义〔Rouen〕Any of a breed of common domestic ducks descended from and resembling the mallard.鲁昂鸭：一种与绿头鸭相似并是其后代的普通家养鸭〔Helle〕The daughter of a Greek king who, while fleeing with her brother from their stepmother, drowned in the Hellespont, thereafter named for her.赫勒：希腊国王的女儿，与其弟一起逃离其后母，淹死于后来以其名字命名的称赫勒斯彭特海〔preadaptation〕A characteristic evolved by an ancestral species or population that serves an adaptive though different function in a descendant species or population.预适应（性）：类或群体的祖先演化而成的特性，可使其后代形成虽不同但具有适应性的功能〔cataphora〕The use of a linguistic unit, such as a pronoun, to refer ahead to another unit, for example, the use ofhim to refer to John in the sentence Near him, John saw a snake. 后向照应：使用一语言单位如代词在前面指代另一语言单位，例如在Near him, John saw a snake 这个句子中，用 him 指代其后的 John 的这种用法 〔soon〕No sooner, as a comparative adverb, should be followed bythan not when, as in these typical examples: No sooner 作为比较级形式的副词， 其后应跟than 而不是 when ， 如下面这些典型例子： 〔Oto〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting eastern Nebraska along the Platte River, with present-day descendants living with the Missouri in north-central Oklahoma.奥托族：曾在内布拉斯加州东部沿普拉特河居住的美洲土著居民，其后代现与密苏里族混居于俄克拉荷马州中北部〔need〕When used as an auxiliary verb,need does not agree with its subject, does not taketo before the verb following it, and does not combine withdo : 当用作助动词时，need 不用和主语一致， 不用把to 放在其后动词的前面， 并且不用和do 连用： 〔sleuth〕To track down the history of the wordsleuth requires a bit of etymological sleuthing in itself.The immediate ancestor of our word is the compoundsleuthhound, "a dog, such as a bloodhound, used for tracking or pursuing.”This term took on a figurative sense,"tracker, pursuer,”which is closely related to the sense "detective.”Fromsleuthhound came the shortened form sleuth, recorded in the sense "detective" as early as 1872.The first part of the termsleuthhound means "track, path, trail,” and is first recorded in a Middle English work written probably around 1200.The Middle English word, which had the formsloth, with eu representing the Scots development of the Middle English (ō), was a borrowing of the Old Norse word slōdh, "a track or trail.” 要追溯sleuth 这个词的历史， 需要进行一点词源追踪。我们这个词最直接的来源是sleuthhound 这个复合词， 它的意思是“一种用于跟踪和追逐的狗，如警犬”。这个词获得了一种修辞上的意思，“跟踪者，追逐者”，这与“侦探”这个意义非常贴近。从sleuthhound 这个词产生了其缩写的形式 sleuth ， 早在1872年就有了“侦探”这个意思的文字记载。sleuthhound 这个词的前半部意思是“路径、道路或途径”， 它最早被记载在1200年左右的中世纪英语作品中。中世纪英语中的这个词借自古代挪威语中的slōdh ，“路径或途径”，它的形式是 sloth ，其后的 eu 代表了苏格兰语对中世纪英语(ō)的发展 〔atlas〕After Atlas , legendary king of northern Africa, sometimes identified with, or considered descended from, the Titan Atlas 源自 Atlas ，传奇中的北非国王，有时指亚特拉斯巨人或其后人 〔cycle〕An interval of time during which a characteristic, often regularly repeated event or sequence of events occurs:周期，循环期：一段时间间隔，在这段时间里通常是有规律重复的事件或者其后果会出现：〔Azuela〕Mexican novelist whose work chronicles the social and political conflicts of the Mexican Revolution and its aftermath.阿苏埃拉，马里奥诺：(1873-1952) 墨西哥小说家，其作品依年代记载了墨西哥革命中的社会和政治争斗及其后果〔recusant〕One of the Roman Catholics in England who incurred legal and social penalties in the 16th century and afterward for refusing to attend services of the Church of England.持异议的天主教徒：英格兰罗马天主教徒的一员，在16世纪及其后因拒绝参加英国国教礼拜仪式而遭到法律及社会的惩罚〔depend〕Depend, indicating condition or contingency, is always followed byon or upon, as inIt depends on who is in charge. Omission of the preposition is typical of casual speech.Depend 指条件或可能性， 其后通常跟有on 或者 upon ， 例如这取决于谁是负责人 。 在非正式口语中，通常省略介词〔each〕Wheneach follows a plural subject, however, the verb and subsequent pronouns remain in the plural: 当each 位于一个复数主语后面， 则动词和其后的代词仍为复数形式： 〔need〕Note also that the use ofneed as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition that the activity in question has in fact been performed.The boys needn't have spoken frankly implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentenceThe boys did not need to speak frankly does not; only the latter could be followed by a clauselikethey conveyed their meanings by indirection. 还需注意need 用作助动词时经常伴随一个先决条件， 质问的动作事实上已经完成了。那些男孩们本来不需要坦诚相告的 意味着他们事实上已经坦率地说了， 然而这个句子男孩们不需要坦诚地说话 就没有这个意思； 只有后者可以在其后跟这样一个句子，如他们间接地表达他们的意思 〔Illinois〕A confederacy of Native American peoples formerly inhabiting southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and parts of eastern Iowa and Missouri, with present-day descendants mostly in Oklahoma.伊利诺斯联盟：美国土著人的一个部落联盟，原本居住在威斯康星州南部，伊利诺斯州北部和衣阿华州和密苏里州东部的一些地区，今天其后代大多数居住在俄克拉荷马州〔redeem〕To save from a state of sinfulness and its consequences.See Synonyms at save 1救赎：从罪恶及其后果的状况中解救出来 参见 save1〔prototype〕An original type, form, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are based or judged.原型：一种原初的类型、形式或例证，是作为其后期阶段的基础的模型〔puerperium〕The state of a woman during childbirth or immediately thereafter.妇女在分娩期或紧接其后的时期内的状况〔dare〕It may optionally taketo before the verb following it: 有可能选择性地在紧跟其后的动词前加to ： 〔southwester〕A waterproof hat of material such as plastic, oilskin, or canvas, with a broad brim behind to protect the neck.防水帽：一种用塑料、油布或帆布制成的防水帽，其后带有宽檐用以护颈〔Powhatan〕A confederacy of Native American peoples of eastern Virginia in the 16th and 17th centuries, with present-day descendants in the same area.波瓦坦联盟：16世纪及17世纪美国弗吉尼亚州东部的美洲印第安人部落联盟，其后代如今仍居住在同一地区〔or〕When all the elements in a series connected byor are singular, the verb they govern is singular: 当一系列事物中由or 来连接的各项均为单数时， 其后动词也用单数形成： 〔NAND〕A logical operator that consists of a logical AND followed by a logical NOT and returns a false value only if both operands are true.逻辑与非闸：由逻辑与和其后的逻辑非组成的逻辑运算符，如果两个运算域都是真，则返回的值便为假〔preshrunk〕Of, relating to, or being fabric or a garment that has undergone shrinking during manufacture to minimize subsequent shrinkage:防缩水的，经过预缩水处理的：衣料或服装在制造的过程中已经缩水过使其后期的缩水率降压最小点的；和预缩有关的：〔jeep〕A small, durable, general-purpose motor vehicle with four-wheel drive and a quarter-ton capacity, used by the U.S. Army during and after World War II.吉普车：一种四轮驱动、载重¼吨的小型、耐用、多用途的汽车, 在二战期间和其后为美国军队使用〔dare〕Finally, it does not taketo before the complement verb that follows it: 最后，在紧跟其后的辅助动词前不用带上to ： 〔top〕Following closely on; coming immediately after:紧随：紧跟其后地；紧接着就出现地：〔saga〕A prose narrative usually written in Iceland between 1120 and 1400, dealing with the families that first settled Iceland and their descendants, with the histories of the kings of Norway, and with the myths and legends of early Germanic gods and heroes.萨迦：写于1120年和1400年之间冰岛的一种叙事散文，主要描述首先在冰岛定居的家族及其后代的故事、挪威国王的历史和早期日耳曼神和英雄的神话传说〔Tudor〕English ruling dynasty (1485-1603), including Henry VII and his descendants Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.都铎王朝：英格兰统治王朝(1485-1603年），包括亨利七世及其后代亨利八世、爱德华六世、玛丽一世和伊丽莎白一世〔program〕An ordered list of events to take place or procedures to be followed; a schedule:程序表：即将发生或按程序紧接其后发生的事情的一个有序表；计划表：〔bottom〕To descend to the lowest point possible, after which only a rise may occur:跌到谷底：跌到可能的最底点，在其后只有一个回升会发生：〔pun〕The origin of the wordpun is lost in obscurity, perhaps deservedly so in the eyes of those who consider the pun the feeblest form of wit. The wordpun is first recorded in a work of 1662 written by John Dryden. In a slightly later passage of 1676we find the wordpun in the company of the words pundigrion and punnet with the same sense. Punnet is probably a diminutive of pun, as are the laterpunlet (used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1819) and punkin (Henry James, 1866). Butpundigrion, although recorded later, may have been around earlier than pun and might be its source.Pundrigrion in turn might be an alteration of the obsolete Italian word puntiglio, "fine point,” which we have in English aspunctilio. In any case,the wordpun has given birth to some derivatives of its own, including punnigram, modeled onepigram, and punnology. 可能在那些认为双关语是智慧的最虚弱表现形式的人眼里，pun 的本源难以考证是当然的。 1662年在约翰·德莱登的一篇文章中最早出现了pun 这个词。 其后不久1676年的一篇文章中，pun 同 pundigrion 和 punnet 具有相同的意思而列在一起。 Punnet 可能是 pun 的一个词尾， 后来的punlet (1819年萨缪尔·泰勒·柯利芝使用）和 punkin （亨利·詹姆斯于1866年使用）可能也是如此。 但尽管pundigrion 比 pun 的记载晚，却很可能比它略早出现， 且可能是它的来源。Pundrigrion 按顺序来说可能是已废弃的意大利语 puntiglio 的变形，意为“妙处”， 英语中相应的词是punctilio。 不论如何，pun 自身还衍生了一些词，包括 punnigram ， 它是模仿epigram 和 punnology 而成的 〔Japhetic〕Of or relating to Japheth or his descendants.雅弗的：与雅弗有关的或与其后代有关的〔dissolve〕To shift scenes in a motion-picture film or videotape by having one scene fade out while the next scene appears behind it and grows clearer as the first one dims.（画面） 淡入淡出：电影或录像一幅画面渐隐，而另一幅画面在其后渐显，随着第一幅渐渐变得模糊，第二幅画变是更淡入淡出为清晰，通过这种方式来改变画面 |
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