| 单词 | 其实 |
| 释义 | 〔tennis〕Surprisingly, the origin of the wordtennis is not precisely known, even though much is known about the history of this sport. The word in the formtenetz is first recorded in a work written around 1400. The game referred to is what is now calledcourt tennis, or real tennis, which is played on a large indoor court with a specially marked-out floorand high cement walls off which the ball may be played.It seems likely that the Middle English formtenetz is from tenetz, an Anglo-Norman variant of the Old French word tenez, the imperative oftenir, "to hold,” and meaning "receive,” said by the server to his opponent.As this evidence indicates, tennis originated in medieval France,but the French called the game, then as now,la paume. Bytennis we do not mean what tenetz or la paume meant but rather lawn tennis, a term first recorded around 1874, shortly after an early form of lawn tennis, descended from court tennis, was introduced. Unlike court tennis, which is traditionally associated with the rich and the royal, tennis is open to players from a wide spectrum of society,although it certainly is not unconnected with the rich and the royal.令人惊讶的是，尽管人们对这项运动的历史知之甚多，但tennis 一词的起源却不被人所详细了解。 在约1400年，此词以tenetz 的形式第一次出现在书面上。 其所指的运动就是现在所谓的court tennis 或 real tennis ， 这是一种在有标记的地板的室内场地上进行的运动，场地四周有很高的泥灰墙。而中古英语的tenetz 有可能是从 tenetz 这个古法语中的盎格鲁-诺曼变体 tenez 得来的。 而该古法语词又是tenir 一词的祈使式， 意为“抓住，握住”，而发球人对其对手说时意义为“接住”。这一例子似乎说明网球运动起源于中世纪的法国，但是在法语中，这项运动从古至今一直被称为la paume 。 我们用tennis 这一词其实指代的不是 tenetz 或者 la paume 指代的事物，而是 lawn tennis 这一在1874年前后第一次被记录的词语所指代的事物，此时由庭院网球演变而来的草地网球的一种早期形式正在被介绍开来。 不象传统上与富人和贵族联系紧密的庭院网球，网球运动适合社会各阶层的人，当然这并不是说这一运动就与富人和贵族没有联系〔sarcastic〕"on the surface a satirical look at commercial radio, but also a study of the misuse of telecommunications" (Richard Harrington).“表面上这是一种对商业广播的讥刺，其实也是一种对滥用电信传播的研究” （理查德·哈林顿）。〔occasionalism〕The doctrine that God is the sole causal actor and that all events are merely occasions on which God brings about what are normally thought of as their effects.偶因论：神是唯一因果的参与者，所有被认为是自己努力成果的事物其实只是神带来的机会的学说〔seeming〕Apparent; ostensible.表面上的；貌似真实而其实未必的〔really〕The horseshoe crab isn't really a crab at all.其实根本就不是螃蟹〔ditto〕Ditto, which at first glance seems a handy and insignificant sort of word, actually has a Roman past,for it comes fromdictus, "having been said,” the past participle of the verbdīcere, "to say.” In Italiandīcere became dire anddictus became detto, or in the Tuscan dialect ditto. Italiandetto or ditto meant what said does in English, as in the locution "the said story.”Thus in a construction such asDecember 22 the worddetto or ditto could be used by itself instead of the month nameat the next mention of a date in the same month, for example,26 detto. The first recorded use (1625) ofditto occurs in English in such a construction. The sense "copy" is an English development,first recorded in 1818. Ditto has even become a trademark for a duplicating machine,something that has not happened tosaid yet. Ditto 这个词第一眼看上去好象是一种方便的、无意义的词， 其实它出于过去的罗马，因为该词源自dictus “已说过的”， 是动词dicere “说”的过去分词。 在意大利语中，dicere 变成了 dire ， 而dictus 变成了 detto 或托斯卡纳方言的 ditto。 意大利语中的detto 或 ditto 的意义相当于现在英语中的 said ， 如惯用语"the said story"（该故事，上述故事）。因此在诸如这样的结构December 22 (12月22日）中， 当下面提及同一个月的某一天时，就可用detto 或 ditto 来代替月份， 例如，26 detto (12月26日）。 ditto 一词的最初有记录的用法(1625年）出现在英语的这种结构中。 “复制”这一词义是在英语中发展起来的，最早的记录在1818年， Ditto 甚至成了复印机的商标，而said 还没有 〔otorhinolaryngology〕Otorhinolaryngology is the type of medical specialty that drives the layperson to despair, both of pronouncing the word properly (ō'tō-rī'nō-lăr'ĭng-gŏlʹə-jē) and of having any notion of what it means.The wordsear, nose, and throat are quite clear, however, and that is what is meant byoto-, rhino-, and laryngo-, which are the forms of Greekous, "ear,” rhis, "nose,” and larunx, "larynx or upper part of the windpipe,” respectively, when used in combination with other word forms.耳鼻喉科学是医学专业的一种，由于正确拼读(o'to-ri'no-ar'ing-gol'o-je)和知晓其含义都需有一定的专业知识，所以外行人会对其发怵。其实ear, nose 和 throat 这些词是非常容易明白的， 它们分别代表的便是oto-，rhino- 和 laryngo-， 而这些词人分别代表希腊语形式ous, “耳朵”， rhis “鼻子”，和 larunx “喉或气管上端”， 它们就以这些形式与其他单词形式构成新词 |
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