| 单词 | 内部事务 |
| 释义 | 〔suzerain〕A nation that controls another nation in international affairs but allows it domestic sovereignty.宗主国：控制另一个国家的国际事务但对其内部事务给予主权的国家〔autonomy〕Self-government with respect to local or internal affairs:自治权：对于地方或内部事务的自我管理：〔interior〕The internal affairs of a country or nation.内政：一个国家或民族的内部事务〔internal〕Of or relating to the domestic affairs of a nation, group, or business.内政的：属于或关于一个国家、群体、或商业的内部事务的〔autonomous〕Self-governing with respect to local or internal affairs:（区域性）自治的：对于地方性或内部事务自我管理的：〔bylaw〕A law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.章程：一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔procurator〕An employee of the Roman emperor in civil affairs, especially in finance and taxes, in management of imperial estates and properties, and in governing minor provinces.行省财务长官：管理内部事务，尤指财政和税收的罗马国王的雇员，管理国家财产与资产或统治小行省 |
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