| 单词 | 写给 |
| 释义 | 〔Adams〕First Lady of the United States (1797-1801) as the wife of President John Adams. Her letters to her husband provide a vivid picture of life in colonial Massachusetts.亚当斯，艾比盖尔·史密斯：(1744-1818) 美国的第一夫人（1797-1801年），约翰·亚当斯总统的夫人。她写给丈夫的信生动地描绘了殖民时期马萨诸塞州人民的生活〔Browning〕British poet. Overcoming ill health and the jealous objections of her tyrannical father, she eloped to Italy with Robert Browning and married him in 1846. Her greatest work,Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850), is a sequence of love poems written to her husband. 勃朗宁，伊丽莎白·巴雷特：(1806-1861) 英国诗人。她克服了疾病和她暴虐父亲的专横反对，与罗伯特·勃朗宁私奔到意大利，并于1846年与他结婚。其杰作《葡萄牙十四行诗集》 （1850年），是一部写给她丈夫的爱情组诗 〔Titus〕Christian leader and companion of Saint Paul. An epistle of the New Testament, ascribed to Paul, is addressed to him.提图斯：基督教领袖，圣保罗的同伴。《新约全书》中一封被认为是保罗所写的书简是写给他的〔us〕This letter is addressed to us.那封信是写给我们的〔Brown〕American drama critic whose books includeTo All Hands (1943) and Daniel Boone (1952). 布朗，约翰·梅森：(1900-1969) 美国戏剧评论家，著作包括《写给专业作家们》 （1943年）和 《丹尼尔·布恩》 （1952年） 〔Comstockery〕Bowdlerism, named after Dr. Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825),has been around longer than Comstockery, named for Anthony Comstock (1844-1915). All Bowdler did to enter the world of common nouns was to expurgate Shakespeare, the Bible, and Gibbon'sHistory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. On the other hand, Comstock, the organizer and secretary of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice,helped destroy 160 tons of literature and pictures that he deemed immoral.Comstockery, the word honoring his achievements, is first recorded in 1905 in a letter by George Bernard Shaw to the New York Times: “Comstockery is the world's standing Joke at the expense of the United States. . . . It confirms the deep-seated conviction of the Old World that America is a provincial place, a second rate country-town civilization after all.” 以汤姆斯·鲍德勒博士(1754-1825年）的名字命名的鲍德勒主义，存在时间要比以安东尼·康斯托克(1844-1915年）命名的康斯托克主义长一些。鲍德勒所做的只是删节莎士比亚作品、《圣经 》和吉伯恩的罗马帝国的衰落与灭亡 就使其名字成为一个通用名词了。 而另一方面，作为纽约反暴力社会党的组织者和秘书长，康斯托克协助销毁了160吨他认为不道德的作品与图片。Comstockery ，这一为了表彰他的成绩的词最初是出现于1905年乔治·伯那德·修在写给 纽约时报 的信中： “Comstockery 一词是世界对美国的嘲笑…它证实了在东半球中根深蒂固的观念，那就是美国是个粗鄙的地方，充其量只能算是一个二流的乡村文明” 〔her〕This letter is addressed to her.这封信是写给她的〔Catullus〕Roman lyric poet known for his love poems to "Lesbia,” an aristocratic Roman woman whose real name was Clodia.卡塔路斯，盖厄斯·瓦勒里乌斯：(84?-54?) 古罗马抒情诗人，以其写给“丽斯比雅”的爱情诗而闻名，丽斯比雅是古罗马的贵妇，真名为克洛狄亚〔me〕This letter is addressed to me.这封信是写给我的〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔Timothy〕Christian leader and companion of Saint Paul. Two epistles of the New Testament, ascribed to Paul, are addressed to him.提摩太：基督教领袖，圣保罗的同伴。《新约全书》中人们认为保罗所写的两封书信就是写给他的 |
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