| 单词 | 农作物 |
| 释义 | 〔duty〕The total volume of water required to irrigate a given area in order to cultivate a specific crop until harvest.灌溉率：用来灌溉指定地区特定农作物从栽培到收获时期内的用水总量〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔fertile〕Bearing or producing crops or vegetation abundantly; fruitful.多产的：大量结果的或生产农作物或植物的；多产的〔agrobiology〕The study of plant nutrition and growth as related to soil condition, especially to determine ways to increase crop yield.农业生物学；土壤生物学：关于植物养分和与土壤条件相关的生长的研究，尤其是对判定如何增加农作物产量方法的研究〔leafhopper〕Any of numerous insects of the family Cicadellidae that suck juices from plants, often damaging crops.叶蝉：任一种吸食植物汁液的大叶蝶科昆虫，通常对农作物有害〔sour〕Of or relating to excessively acid soil that is damaging to crops.酸性过重的：对农作物有破坏作用的过于酸的土壤的或与之有关的〔sick〕Unable to produce a profitable yield of crops:贫瘠的：不能使农作物产出能获利的产量的：〔agroforestry〕A system of land use in which harvestable trees or shrubs are grown among or around crops or on pastureland, as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land.农业森林学：土地使用的方法，为保护或增强土地的生产力在农作物之间、围绕农作物或在牧场上种植一些能够收获的树木或灌木〔despair〕The farmer experienced moments of discouragement over the failure of his crops. 农夫经受了片刻的对农作物歉收的痛苦 〔agriculture〕The science, art, and business of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming.农艺；农业：关于耕地、生产农作物和饲养牲畜的科学、工艺和行业；农业〔fruit〕A plant crop or product:一种农作物或产品：〔bounty〕A reward, inducement, or payment, especially one given by a government for acts deemed beneficial to the state, such as killing predatory animals, growing certain crops, starting certain industries, or enlisting for military service.See Synonyms at bonus 奖励：报酬、奖励或酬劳，尤指政府因对某种被视为有益于国家的行为而给予的奖励，如捕杀野兽、种植某些农作物、开办某些实业或参军等 参见 bonus〔lodge〕To beat (crops) down flat:（将农作物）打倒：〔rotation〕a rotation of personnel; crop rotation.员工的轮流替换；农作物的轮作〔monoculture〕The cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country.单作：在一个国家或地区内的农场上种植单一农作物〔field〕A cultivated expanse of land, especially one devoted to a particular crop:耕地：耕地，尤指用来种植某种农作物： |
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