| 单词 | 农夫 |
| 释义 | 〔Dickinson〕American Revolutionary politician and pamphleteer who became the leading conservative voice of opposition to Great Britain through hisLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767-1768). 狄金森，约翰：(1732-1808) 美国革命政治家和小册子作者，他通过他的《来自宾夕法尼亚农夫的信》 （1767-1768年）成为保守党对抗大不列颠最主要的喉舌 〔task〕The farmer's morning chores included cleaning the stables and milking the cows.农夫早上要干的杂活包括清扫马厩和给奶牛挤奶。〔despair〕The farmer experienced moments of discouragement over the failure of his crops. 农夫经受了片刻的对农作物歉收的痛苦 〔tiller〕One that tills land:农夫：耕种土地的人：〔muffuletta〕The New Orleansmuffuletta is one of the only large American sandwiches not made with a long crusty roll. Instead, it is made by filling a round loaf of Italian bread with layers of hard salami, ham, provolone, and olive salad.The shape of the bread and the presence of the olive salad distinguishes the muffuletta from thesubmarine sandwich. Marian Burros of theNew York Times traces the creation of the muffuletta to Salvatore Lupa's Central Grocery in New Orleans in 1910. The sandwich was a favorite lunch for Louisiana farmers on their trips into town.新奥尔良马夫那他 是唯一一种不是长硬皮面包卷做成的大型美国三明治。 而是在圆形意大利面包中塞有意大利硬香肠、火腿、干酪和橄榄油沙拉。面包的形状和橄榄油沙拉使得马夫三明治那他区别于潜水艇三明治 。 纽约时报 的马里娅·布诺斯发现马夫那他三明治，源于1910年新奥尔良的沙尔维多·路柏中心食品杂货店。 这种三明治是路易斯安那州的农夫进城时最爱吃的午饭〔husbandman〕One whose occupation is husbandry; a farmer.农民：以耕种为业的人；农夫〔neighbor〕Loving one's neighbor as oneself would be much easier,or perhaps much more difficult,if the wordneighbor had kept to its etymological meaning. The source of our word,the assumed West Germanic form.nāhgabūr, was a compound of the words.nēhwiz, "near,” and .būram, "dweller, especially a farmer.” A neighbor, then, was a near dweller.Nēahgebūr, the Old English descendant of this West Germanic word, and its descendant in Middle English, neighebor, and our Modern English neighbor have all retained the literal notion,even though one can now have many neighbors whom one does not know,a situation that would have been highly unlikely in earlier times.The extension of this word to mean "fellow" is probably attributable to the Christian concern with the treatment of one's fellow human beings,as in the passage in Matthew 19:19 that urges love of one's neighbor.象爱自己一样爱邻居会更容易，也可能更难，如果neighbor 这个词保持其词源意义的话。 这个词的来源，假定在西日耳曼语中形式为nahgabur， 是nehwiz “附近的”和 buram “居住者，尤指农夫”的合成词。 那么邻居就是附近的居住者。Neahgebur 这个西日耳曼词发展的古英语形式， 中世纪英语形式nerghebor 及现代英语 neighbor 形式， 都保持了字面意义，即使现在一个可能有许多人都不认识的邻居，这是一种以前很不可能有的情况。这个词的引申意义“人”大概出自基督徒关心如何对待世人，比如在《马太19：19》中就有要求热爱自己邻居的篇章〔Maintenon〕French consort of Louis XIV. The widow of French writer Paul Scarron, she secretly married the king (c. 1685) after the death of his first wife.曼特农夫人，马奎斯·德：(1635-1719) 路易十四的法国配偶，法国作家保罗·斯卡隆的遗孀，路易十四的第一位妻子死后，她和国王秘密结婚(1685年）〔bucolic〕A farmer or shepherd; a rustic.农夫或牧羊人；乡下人〔underling〕People trying to build their vocabulary often study affixes,a not unreasonable way to proceed.But studying a group of words that share an affix can be fascinating in its own right in the way that studying common features in a photograph of an extended family can be fascinating.The suffix-ling is Germanic in origin and had several uses already in Old English.For example, it could be added to a noun to make a second noun that referred to something connected with or similar to the first noun;thus, adding the suffix to the Old English wordyrth, "ploughland,” produced the Old English word yrthling, "plowman.” The suffix could also be added to an adjective to make a noun that referred to something having the quality denoted by the adjective:from Old Englishdēore, "dear, beloved,” was derived dēorling (Modern English darling ). Adding-ling to an adverb produced a noun referring to something having the position or condition denoted by the adverb: from Old Englishunder came underling. The last use of the-ling family to be described here was actually borrowed from another Germanic source, Old Norse. The Old Norse version of the-ling suffix was used to form diminutives; thus, our wordgosling was a borrowing in Middle English of an Old Norse word, gæslingr, "gosling.” 想要扩大词汇量的人常常去研究词缀，这不失为一种明智的方式。就象研究一个扩大了的家庭的照片中家人的共同特征一样吸引人，研究一组词缀相同的单词本身可能也会令人意醉神迷。-ling 这一后缀源于日耳曼语， 在中古英语中便已有已几种用法。例如，它可以和一个名词相连形成另一个与之关联或相似的名词；这样，把这个后缀加到古英语单词yrth “耕地”后边便形成了另一古英语单词 yrthling “农夫”。 这个后缀还可以加在一个形容词后边形成具有该形容词所示特征的名词：从古英语单词deore, “亲爱的，被爱的”中派生出 deorling （现代英语中的 darling )。 把-ling 加在一副词后边可以产生具有该副词所示情况或状态的名词： 从中古英语的under 形成 underling 。 这里所要描述的-ling 家族的最后一个用法事实上是来源于另一支日耳曼语言，古挪威语。 在古挪威语中-ling 这一后缀被用作小后缀； 这样，我们的单词gosling 便是中世纪英语中的一个外来词，来源于古挪威语单词 goeslingr, “小鹅” 〔pension〕"Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers"(E.J. Dionne, Jr.)“一些法国农夫向政府建议让那些年长的或工作效率低下的农夫领取退休金或补助金而退休”(小E.J.迪翁)〔georgic〕from geōrgos [farmer] 源自 geōrgos [农夫] 〔Vaisya〕The third of the four Hindu classes, comprising farmers, herders, artisans, merchants, and businessmen.吠舍：印度四个种姓等级中的第三等级，由农夫、畜牧者、手工艺者、商人和生意人组成〔Boer〕from Dutch [farmer] 源自 荷兰语 [农夫] 〔crowd〕Police crowded the spectators back to the viewing stand. Urban sprawl crowded the small farmers out of the immediate area.警察强行把观众推回观众席。城市杂乱的扩张将农夫们挤出这个地区〔lean〕The farmer tried to fatten the lean cattle for market.农夫试图把瘦牛养肥以上市。〔fellah〕A peasant or agricultural laborer in an Arab country, such as Syria or Egypt.农夫：叙利亚或埃及等阿拉伯国家的农民或农业劳动者〔bondage〕from Old English bōnda [husbandman] 源自 古英语 bōnda [农夫] |
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