| 单词 | 减弱 |
| 释义 | 〔lag〕To fail, weaken, or slacken gradually; flag.减弱：逐渐减弱、衰退或动摇；低落〔sink〕To make weaker, quieter, or less forceful.减弱：使虚弱，平静或无力〔sink〕To become weaker, quieter, or less forceful:减弱：变得更虚弱、更安静或更无力：〔declaw〕To strip of power, potency, or strength; make harmless or less threatening.剥夺权力、权势或力量；使…无害或使…的威慑性减弱〔tolerance〕The capacity to absorb a drug continuously or in large doses without adverse effect; diminution in the response to a drug after prolonged use.耐药量：连续或大量吞服药物后不发生任何副作用的能力；长时间服药后对药品反应的减弱〔rusty〕Weakened or impaired by neglect, disuse, or lack of practice.衰退的：因忽视、不用或缺乏练习而减弱的或衰退的〔remission〕The period during which the symptoms of a disease abate or subside.好转期：疾病症状减弱或消退的时期〔fail〕To decline, as in strength or effectiveness:减弱：力量减弱或功能衰退：〔break〕To lessen in force or effect:减少，变小：在力量或效果方面减弱：〔set〕To diminish or decline; wane.减少：减少或下降；减弱〔impaired〕Diminished, damaged, or weakened:受损的：减低、受伤害、或是减弱：〔cut〕To lessen the strength of; dilute:稀释：减弱强度；淡化：〔fail〕The patient's heart failed.病人的心跳减弱〔impaired〕a driver so tired as to be impaired.过度劳累的驾驶其驾驶能力会被减弱〔remittent〕Characterized by temporary abatement in severity. Used especially of diseases.减轻：程度暂时减弱的；特指疾病〔attenuator〕A device that attenuates an electrical signal.衰减器，减压器：使电子讯号减弱的装置〔tonic〕Generic terms for carbonated soft drinks vary widely in the United States.Probably the two most common words competing for precedencearesoda, used in the northeast United States, andpop, used from the Midwest westward. In the South all soft drinks,regardless of the flavor or brand name,are referred to ascold drinks. Speakers in Boston and its environs have a term of their own:tonic. Such a variety of regional equivalents is unusual for a product for which advertising is so aggressive and universal;usually advertising has the effect of squeezing out regional variants.On the other hand, because there are so many types and flavors of soft drinks,perhaps no single generic word has ever emerged to challenge the regionalisms.在美国，含碳酸饮料的名称各地截然不同。其中有两个词正竞争着统治地位，一个是用于美国东北部的soda, ， 另一个是用于中西部以西的pop 。 在美国南部，所有的软饮料，不管味道或品牌如何，都统统叫作cold drinks 。 波士顿及其周围地区有其自己的名称：tonic 。 对于一种广告做得满天飞的产品来说，这种各地区名字不同的情况十分不寻常；因为广告通常有减弱方言的作用。另一方面，由于软饮料有如比多的种类和风格，所以可能还没有哪一个泛称能够取代这么多地方变体〔histaminase〕An enzyme that inactivates histamine and is found in the digestive system.组胺酶：一种消化系统中的酶，能减弱组胺的活性〔muffle〕muffled the drums.捂住使鼓声减弱〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔draft〕To drive close behind another vehicle to take advantage of the reduced air pressure in its wake.车的尾流优势：驱车紧跟在另一辆车的后面以便利用其尾流里被减弱的空气压力的优势〔vacuum〕Containing air or other gas at a reduced pressure.低压气体的：在减弱的压强之下含有空气和其他气体的〔undercut〕To diminish or destroy the province or effectiveness of; undermine:削弱：减弱或毁灭…的范围或效力；削弱：〔muffle〕To deaden (a sound):消音：使（声音）减弱或消失：〔depression〕A reduction in activity or force.衰弱：活力或体力的减弱〔postindustrial〕Of or relating to a period in the development of an economy or a nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing lessens and that of services, information, and research grows.后工业化的：制造业的重要性相对减弱而服务业、信息业及科研工作的重要性相对加强的经济或国家之发展阶段的，或与之相关的〔fade〕A periodic reduction in the received strength of a radio transmission.周期性的衰减：在无线电的传送过程中，接收能力的周期性减弱〔abate〕To fall off in degree or intensity; subside.减弱，缓和，消退：降低程度或强度；消退〔geld〕To deprive of strength or vigor; weaken.减弱力气或力量；使虚弱〔lethargy〕Lassitude implies weariness or diminished energy such as might result from physical or mental strain: Lassitude 意指诸如可能因肉体或精神过度紧张等原因而引起的疲倦或精力的减弱： 〔anomie〕Social instability caused by steady erosion of standards and values.社会道德沦丧：由于社会标准和价值观的逐步减弱而引起的社会不安定状态〔down〕To or at a lower intensity.减弱的：强度由强到弱〔allay〕To reduce the intensity of; relieve:减轻：减弱…的强度；消除：〔taper〕To diminish or lessen gradually. Often used withoff : 逐渐减弱，消失：逐渐减小或减弱。常与off 连用： 〔lenite〕To cause (a consonant sound) to lenite.声音增强，声音减弱：使（子音）发音增强或减弱〔deaden〕a medication to deaden the pain; wall tiles that deaden the sound from the rehearsal studio.止痛的药疗法；能减弱来自彩排室声音的墙砖〔moderate〕admiration tempered with fear. intensify 由于害怕而减弱的钦佩羡慕之情 intensify〔soft〕Not brilliant or glaring; subdued:柔和的：不明亮或不耀眼的；减弱的：〔unabated〕an unabated windstorm; a battle fought with unabated violence.毫不减弱的暴风雨；全力展开的战斗〔diffuse〕To make less brilliant; soften.减弱：使减少光亮；减弱 |
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