| 单词 | 减数分裂 |
| 释义 | 〔spireme〕The tangle of filaments that appears at the beginning of the prophase portion of meiosis or mitosis.染色质缠绕：减数分裂或有丝分裂前期开始时出现的细丝缠绕〔crossover〕A characteristic resulting from the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.交换特征：由减数分裂期内同源染色体之间的遗传物质的交换而产生的特征〔prophase〕The first stage of meiosis, constituted by a series of events that include DNA replication, the synapsis of homologous chromosomes, crossing over, the formation of chiasmata, and contraction of the chromosomes.前期阶：减数分裂的第一个阶段，由一系列的事件组成，包括脱氧核糖核酸的复制，同种染色体结合、交叉，染色体形成以及染色体的收缩〔anaphase〕The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear spindle.细胞分裂后期：染色体向细胞核轴心相反一端移动的有丝分裂和减数分裂阶段〔pachytene〕The third stage of the prophase of meiosis during which the homologous chromosomes become short and thick and divide into four distinct chromatids.粗线期：在同周期的染色体群变短变粗并分裂为四个不同的染色单体过程中减数分裂前期的第三个阶段〔spermatid〕Any of the four haploid cells formed by meiosis in a male organism that develop into spermatozoa without further division.精细胞：雄性有机体中通过减数分裂产生的四个单倍体细胞之任何一个，无需经进一步的分裂就能发展成为精子〔tetrasporangium〕A unicellular sporangium found in certain red algae in which four tetraspores are produced from meiosis.四分孢子囊：在某一红藻中发现的单细胞孢子，它在减数分裂中产生四个四分孢子〔metaphase〕The stage of mitosis and meiosis, following prophase and preceding anaphase, during which the chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate.中期：细胞核的有丝分裂和减数分裂阶段，发生于前期之后和后期之前，在此期间内染色体在中期板平面上定向排列〔parasexual〕Of, relating to, or involving a form of reproduction in which recombination of genes from different individuals occurs without meiosis and fertilization.准性的，拟有性的：属于、有关或包含一种来自各个体的基因重组时没有减数分裂和受精作用的生殖形式的〔tetrad〕A group of four chromatids formed from each of a pair of homologous chromosomes that split longitudinally during the prophase of meiosis.四分体：一组来自减数分裂中相互垂直分裂的一对同源染色体的四个染色单体〔spermatogenesis〕Formation and development of spermatozoa by meiosis and spermiogenesis.精子产生：通过减数分裂及精子发生过程的精子形成与发展〔chiasmatypy〕The meiotic twisting between paired chromatids that produces chiasmata.交叉型：产生交叉的成对染色体之间的减数分裂弯曲〔apospory〕The development of a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without the occurrence of meiosis or spore formation.无孢子形成，无孢子生殖，无孢子状态：没有经过减数分裂或孢子形成而直接由孢子体进行的配子体发育〔interphase〕The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.分裂间期：两个相继的有丝分裂或减数分裂之间的一个细胞形态〔apomixis〕Reproduction without meiosis or formation of gametes.无配生殖，无融合生殖：无须减数分裂或形成配子的繁殖〔gametocyte〕A cell from which gametes develop by meiotic division, especially a spermatocyte or an oocyte.配子母细胞，配子细胞：配偶子通过配子减数分裂而发展的细胞，尢指精母细胞或卵母细胞〔prophase〕The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms at opposite poles of the cell.前期阶：细胞减数分裂的第一个阶段，其间染色体浓缩且能被看见，核细胞膜衰弱，纺锤体在细胞的相对纺锤极形成〔asynapsis〕The failure of homologous chromosomes to pair during meiosis.不联会：在减数分裂期间同源染色体不联会成对〔spermatocyte〕A diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to form four spermatids. A primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes, which in turn divide to form the spermatids.精母细胞：经过减数分裂形成四个精细胞的双倍体细胞。一个精母细胞可分裂成两个次精母细胞，而这两个次精母细胞则又能再次分裂形成精细胞〔ootid〕A haploid cell that results from the meiotic division of an oocyte and becomes a female gamete or an ovum.卵（子）细胞：由于卵母细胞减数分裂产生而后形成配子或卵细胞的单倍体细胞〔nondisjunction〕The failure of paired chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate and go to different cells during meiosis.（染色体的）不分开，不分离：在减数分裂过程中，成对的染色体或同型的染色单体不分离到不同的细胞中〔haplosis〕Reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes by one half during meiosis, resulting in the haploid number.减半作用：在减数分裂过程中染色体双倍体数目的减半而导致其变成单倍体数目〔zygotene〕The stage in prophase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes become paired. 偶线期：减数分裂的前期阶段，在此期间异体同型的染色体配对 |
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