| 单词 | 凯撒 |
| 释义 | 〔Caesar〕Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain (55), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45). On March 15 of the following year he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself.凯撒，尤利乌斯：(100-44) 罗马将军、政治家、历史学家，他入侵了大不列颠王国（55年）并征服了他的政敌庞培的军队（48年），又追击其它敌人至埃及，他在此立克娄巴特拉为女王（47年），返回罗马后，被罗马人民授予终身一人统治的权力（45年）。次年3月15日，他被卡西乌和布鲁图斯领导的一群共和主义者谋杀身亡，这些人担心他图谋建立由他个人统治的君主制政权〔Savoy〕A historical region and former duchy of southeast France, western Switzerland, and northwest Italy. The region changed hands many times after its conquest by Julius Caesar and became a duchy in the early 15th century. In 1720 the duke of Savoy gained the title king of Sardinia, and in 1861 the Savoyard Victor Emmanuel II ascended the throne of the newly formed kingdom of Italy. Much of the original territory was ceded to France at the same time.萨伏伊：历史上的地区名，是法国东南、瑞士西部和意大利西北部以前的一个公国。此地在为裘力斯·凯撒征服以后几次易手，并在15世纪早期成为公国，1720年萨伏伊大公取得撒丁尼亚尼亚国王的头衔，1861年萨伏伊征服者伊曼纽尔二世登上新成立的意大利王国皇座，同时原萨伏伊的大部地区割让给了法国〔Augustus〕First emperor of Rome (27b.c. - a.d. 14) and grand-nephew of Julius Caesar. He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 and subsequently gained control over the empire. In 29 he was named emperor, and in 27 he was given the honorary title Augustus. 奥古斯都：罗马帝国第一任皇帝（公元前 27年─ 公元 14年），尤利斯·凯撒的侄孙。他于公元前31年打败马克·安东尼及克娄巴特拉，然后得到了整个帝国的统治权，于公元前29年称皇帝，并于公元前27年被授予奥古斯都荣誉称号 〔Thapsus〕An ancient city of northern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea in present-day Tunisia. Julius Caesar defeated Pompey's forces here in 46b.c. 塔普苏斯：地中海沿岸北非古城，位于今突尼斯。公元前 46年尤利乌斯·凯撒在此击败庞培的军队 〔Robinson〕American actor known for his portrayal of gangsters in motion pictures, includingLittle Caesar (1930). 鲁宾逊，爱德华·G：(1893-1973) 以在动作片中饰演强盗角色而出名的美国电影演员，他演的影片包括《小凯撒》 （1930年） 〔Rubicon〕Latin Rubicō Rubicōn- [Rubicon, a short river of north-central Italy, the crossing of which by Julius Caesar and his army in 49] b.c. began a civil war 拉丁语 卢比孔 Rubicōn- [卢比孔河，发源于意大利中北部，] 公元前 49年朱利斯·凯撒及其军队渡过此河，从此开始了内战 〔Gaul〕An ancient region of western Europe south and west of the Rhine River, west of the Alps, and north of the Pyrenees, corresponding roughly to modern-day France and Belgium. The Romans extended the designation to include northern Italy, particularly after Julius Caesar's conquest of the area in the Gallic Wars (58-51b.c. ). 高卢，加利亚：西欧的一古老地区，在莱茵河南部和西部，阿尔卑斯山西部，比利牛斯山北部，基本相当于现代的法国和比利时。罗马人把其疆域扩展到包括北意大利，尤其是当朱利斯·凯撒在高卢一战中征服此地区后（公元前 58-51年） 〔Aquitania〕A Roman division of southwest Gaul extending from the Pyrenees to the Garonne River and roughly coextensive with the historical region of Aquitaine. Its Iberian peoples were conquered by Julius Caesar in 56b.c. The region passed to the Franks in a.d. 507. 阿基塔尼亚：高卢西南的罗马分界线，从比利牛斯山延伸到加隆河，并大致与阿基坦的历史地域范围同等。其伊比利亚人于公元前 56年被朱利亚斯·凯撒征服。该地区于 公元 507年划归法国 〔Kaiserslautern〕A city of southwest Germany southwest of Frankfurt. First mentioned in 882, it was chartered in 1276. Population, 98,212.凯撒斯劳坦：德国西南部一城市，在法兰克福西南部。公元882年首次被提及，公元1276年特许建立。人口98,212〔Brutus〕Roman politician and general who conspired to assassinate Julius Caesar. In the subsequent power struggle with Mark Antony and Octavian, Brutus was defeated at the Battle of Philippi and committed suicide.布鲁图，马库斯·朱尼厄斯：(85?-42) 古罗马的政治家和将军，图谋暗杀凯撒。在后来与马克·安东尼和屋大维的争权战中，在菲利皮战役中失利并自杀〔Lucan〕Roman poet who wrote thePharsalia, an epic account of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey. 卢坎：罗马诗人。他写的《法撒利战记》 是关于凯撒和庞培之间内战的史诗记录 〔Philippi〕An ancient town of north-central Macedonia, Greece, near the Aegean Sea. It was the site of Antony and Octavian's decisive defeat of Brutus and Cassius in 42b.c. 菲利皮：希腊马其顿中北部一古镇，濒临爱琴海。公元前 42年，安东尼和渥大维在此决定性地打败了布鲁图和凯撒 〔Cato〕Roman politician and great-grandson of Cato the Elder. A conservative opponent of Julius Caesar's political ambitions, he supported Pompey against Caesar in the civil war and committed suicide after Caesar's decisive victory at Thapsus.卡托，马库斯·波希乌斯：(95-46) 罗马政治家，老加图的曾孙。他是尤里乌斯·凯撒政治野心的保守派对手，他支持庞贝并在内战中反对凯撒，并在凯撒在塔普苏斯取得决定性胜利后自杀〔Borgia〕Italian family, influential from the 14th to the 16th century, that included the son and daughter of Pope Alexander VI.Cesare (1475?-1507), a religious, military, and political leader, was the model for Machiavelli's The Prince. Lucrezia (1489-1519), the Duchess of Ferrara, was a patron of learning and the arts. 博基亚家族：意大利家族，在14到16世纪间十分有影响力，包括教皇亚历山大六世的儿子和女儿凯撒 （1475？-1507年），为一宗教、军事和政治领袖，系马基雅弗利著的 《君王论》 的描写对象 卢克利齐亚 （1489-1519年），为费拉拉公爵夫人，是学问和艺术的资助者 〔praenomen〕The first name of a citizen of ancient Rome, asGaius in Gaius Julius Caesar. 古罗马人的首名：古罗马公民姓名中的第一个名字，如盖阿斯 就是 盖阿斯·朱利斯·凯撒 这个姓名中的第一个名字 〔Scaliger〕Italian physician and scholar noted for his scientific and philosophical writings. His sonJoseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609), a French scholar, pioneered the modern study of classical texts. 斯卡利哲，尤里乌斯·凯撒：(1484-1558) 意大利医生和学者，以其科普和哲学著作出名。其子约瑟夫·尤斯图斯·斯卡利哲 (1540-1609年）是法国学者，为对古典文本作现代研究的先驱 〔Wallis〕American motion-picture producer whose works includeLittle Caesar (1930), The Maltese Falcon (1941), and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957). 沃利斯，哈尔·布伦特：(1899-1986) 美国电影制作人，其作品有《小凯撒》 （1930年）， 《马耳他猎鹰》 和 《欧克牧场的枪战》 （1957年） 〔Carthage〕An ancient city and state of northern Africa on the Bay of Tunis northeast of modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth centuryb.c. and became the center of Carthaginian power in the Mediterranean after the sixth century b.c. The city was destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War (146 b.c. ) but was rebuilt by Julius Caesar and later ( a.d. 439-533) served as capital of the Vandals before its virtual annihilation by the Arabs (698). 迦太基：非洲北部一古代城邦，位于今突尼斯东北部突尼斯湾沿岸。由腓尼基人于公元前 9世纪创立，并在 公元前 6世纪之后成为地中海上迦太基政权中心。该城在第三次布匿战争结束时（ 公元前 146年）被罗马人毁灭，但不久即被尤里乌斯·凯撒重建，此后（ 公元 439-533年）在被阿拉伯人灭掉之前（1698年）是汪尔达人的首都 〔Crassus〕Roman politician and general who joined Julius Caesar and Pompey in the first triumvirate to challenge the senate's power (60). Hungry for military glory, he invaded Parthia and was killed in battle.克拉苏，马库斯·李锡尼：(115?-53) 罗马政治家和将军。他与尤里乌斯·凯撒和庞培组成了前三头政治，以对抗元老院的权力(60年）。在贪术战功的欲念驱使下，他进犯安息帝国，结果在战场上被杀死〔praise〕"I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him" (Shakespeare). “我来是为了埋葬凯撒而不是赞颂他” （莎士比亚）。 〔Pompey〕Roman general and political leader. With Caesar and Crassus he formed a ruling triumvirate (60-50) but was later defeated by Caesar and murdered in Egypt.庞培：古罗马将军和政治领导人。他和凯撒和克拉苏一起组成了三人寡头统治(60-50年），但后来被凯撒击败并在埃及被谋杀〔ritzy〕established by César Ritz (1850-1918), Swiss hotelier 凯撒建立的 瑞斯 (1850-1918年），瑞士旅馆经营者 〔cognomen〕The third and usually last name of a citizen of ancient Rome, asCaesar in Gaius Julius Caesar. 古罗马人的姓：古罗马公民的第三个名字，通常是最后一个名字，如凯撒 在 格尤斯·尤里乌斯·凯撒 中 〔frown〕Caesar's division of Gaul into three parts used to be known by every child who learned Latin,but perhaps even classically trained schoolchildren did not always realize that in spite of the conquest of Gaul by the Romans, some Gaulish elements lived on, such as our wordfrown. This word is descended from Gaulish, a Celtic language that is related to Welsh and Irish. Frown, first recorded in Middle English in a work composed around 1395,came from Old Frenchfroigner, which meant "to turn up one's nose.” The Old French word was derived fromfrogne, "grimace,” which in turn came from the hypothetical Gaulish word.frogna, "nose,” which is related to Welshffroen, "nose,” and Old Irish srōn, "nose.” 每一个学拉丁文的孩子都知道凯撒三分高卢，但如果不是罗马人征服高卢，高卢语中许多东西至今依然存在，例如frown ，恐怕即使在学校里按传统方式教育的孩子都不可能知道这一点了。 此词来自高卢语，一种与威尔士语和爱尔兰语有关的凯尔特语。 Frown， 首先见于中世纪一本约1359年的英语书，来自古法语froigner， 意为“皱起某人的鼻子”。 古法语词则源自frogne， “鬼脸，” 源自臆测的高卢词·frogna， 意为“鼻子”， 与威尔士语ffroen， “鼻子”和与古爱尔兰语 sron 意为“鼻子”有关 〔caesar〕Used as a title and form of address for Roman emperors.凯撒：用作罗马帝王的头衔和称呼〔Pharsalus〕An ancient city of Thessaly in northeast Greece. Julius Caesar decisively defeated Pompey nearby in 48b.c. 法萨卢斯：希腊东北部萨塞利一古城，公元前 48年，裘力斯·凯撒曾于此决定性地打败了庞培 |
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