| 单词 | 列宁 |
| 释义 | 〔Khujand〕A city of northwest Tajikistan on the Syr Darya River south of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Located on an ancient caravan route, it is one of the oldest towns of central Asia and marked the farthest eastward expansion of Alexander the Great. Russia annexed the city in 1866. From 1936 to 1992 the city was named Leninabad. Population, 156,500库将得：塔吉克斯坦西北部城市，位于乌兹别克斯坦塔什干以南的锡尔河畔。该市坐落于古商道，是亚洲最古老的城镇之一以及亚历山大大帝时扩张版图最东端的标志。1866年俄罗斯将其兼并。1936年至1992年名为列宁纳巴德。人口156,500〔Podolsk〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south of Moscow. It was a frequent meeting place for Lenin and his followers prior to the Bolshevik Revolution. Population, 208,000.波多利斯克：苏联欧洲部分中部一城市，位于莫斯科以南。在布尔什维克革命前，它曾是列宁和他的追随者经常会面的地方。人口208,000〔Kamenev〕Russian Communist leader who ruled with Stalin and Zinoviev after the death of Lenin (1924) but was expelled as a Trotskyite (1927) and was later imprisoned (1934) and executed.加米涅夫，莱夫·伯利索维奇：(1883-1936) 苏联共产党领导人，列宁逝世后（1924年），与斯大林和季诺维也夫共同掌权，1927年作为托洛茨基分子遭到清除，1934年被监禁，后被处决〔Comintern〕An association of Communist parties of the world, established in 1919 by Lenin and dissolved in 1943.共产国际：世界上共产党的联合，由列宁在1919年建立，1943年解散〔Ulyanovsk〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1648 on the site of an earlier fort, it was the birthplace of V.I. Lenin. Population, 544,000.乌里扬诺夫斯克：苏联欧洲部分中东部的一个城市，位于莫斯科的东南偏东方向伏尔加河边。于1648年在一个以前的要塞遗址上修建起来，是V.I.列宁的出生地。人口544,000〔Bolshevik〕A member of the left-wing majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party that adopted Lenin's theses on party organization in 1903.布尔什维克：俄国社会民主工人党占多数派的左翼成员，该党于1903年接受了列宁建党理论〔Zinoviev〕Soviet politician. A close colleague of Lenin, he shared power with Kamenev and Stalin after Lenin's death (1924). Joining Trotsky and Kamenev in opposition to Stalin, he was expelled from the party (1927) and was ultimately executed during a Stalinist purge.季诺维也夫，格里高利·伊夫塞耶维奇：(1883-1936) 苏联政治家，列宁亲密的战友，在列宁死后(1924年），与加米涅夫和斯大林共同执政，因加入反对斯大林的托洛茨基和加米涅夫一派，被开除出党(1927年）,最后在斯大林清党中被处死〔Bolshevik〕The wordBolshevik, an emotionally charged term in English, is derived from a very common word in Russian,bol'she, "bigger, more,” the comparative form ofbol'shoĭ, "big.” The nameBol'shevik was given to the faction in the majority at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903 (the term is first recorded in English in 1907).The smaller faction was known asMen'sheviki, from men'she, "less, smaller,” the comparative ofmalyĭ, "little, few.” TheBol'sheviki, who sided with Lenin in the split that followed the Congress, subsequently became the Russian Communist Party.In 1952 the wordBol'shevik was dropped as an official term in the Soviet Union, but it had long since passed into other languages, including English.It had even spawned the slang termbolshie, though there is nomenshie. 单词Bolshevik 在英语中是带有感情色彩的单词， 来源于俄语中非常普通的词bol'she “较大的，较多的”， 是bol'shoi “大”的比较级形式。 Bol'shevik 这个名字是给予1903年俄国社会民主工人党第二次大会时的多数派的 （英语中最早记有该词是1907年）。少数派即著名的Men'sheviki 来源于 men'she， “较少，较小”， 是malyi “小，少”的比较级形式。 Bol'sheviki ，即讨论会后分裂时站在列宁一边的那些人， 后来成为俄国共产党。1952年，Bol'shevik 一词成为苏联的官方术语。 但它已传入包括英语的其他语言。它甚至衍生了一个俚语词bolshie， 尽管不存在menshie 〔Lenin〕Russian founder of the Bolsheviks, leader of the Russian Revolution (1917), and first head of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). As a communist theoretician Lenin held that workers could not develop a revolutionary consciousness without the guidance of a vanguard party and that imperialism was a particular stage of capitalist development.列宁，弗拉基米尔·伊里奇：(1870-1924) 苏联布尔什维克的缔造者，俄国十月革命(1917年）的领导者，是前苏联的第一任领导人(1917-1924年）。作为一名共产主义的理论家，列宁认为：没有先驱政党的指导，工人就不能发展革命意识；帝国主义是资本主义发展过程中的一个特殊阶段〔Simbirsk〕A city of western Russia on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1648 on the site of an earlier fort, it was the birthplace of V.I. Lenin and was known as Ulyanovsk from 1924 to 1991. Population, 663,400辛比尔斯克：俄罗斯西部城市，位于莫斯科东南偏东的伏尔加河畔。1648年在早期要塞上建成，是V.I.列宁德出生地，1924年至1991年间名为乌里扬诺夫斯克。人口663,400〔Krupskaya〕Russian revolutionary and wife of Vladimir Lenin. She held numerous political posts before and after the October Revolution (1917) and wroteMemories of Lenin (1930). 克鲁普斯卡娅，纳德扎达·康斯坦丁诺维纳：(1869-1939) 俄国革命者和瓦尔德米尔·列宁的妻子。十月革命（1917年）前后担任过许多政治工作，撰写了《忆列宁》 一书（1930年） 〔Stalinism〕The bureaucratic, authoritarian exercise of state power and mechanistic application of Marxist-Leninist principles associated with Stalin.斯大林主义：与斯大林有关的官僚、国家权威和对马克思-列宁主义理论的机械运用〔Leninism〕The theory and practice of proletarian revolution as developed by Lenin.列宁主义：由列宁发展的、有关无产阶级革命理论和实践的总称〔Stalin〕Soviet politician. The successor of Lenin, he was general secretary of the Communist Party (1922-1953) and premier (1941-1953) of the U.S.S.R. His rule was marked by the exile of Trotsky (1929), a purge of the government and military, the forced collectivization of agriculture, a policy of industrialization, and a victorious but devastating role for the Soviets in World War II.斯大林，约瑟夫：(1879-1953) 苏联政治家列宁的继承人，曾担任苏联共产党的总书记(1922-1953年），苏联总理(1941-1953年），其统治以驱逐托洛茨基(1929年）、肃清政府和军队、强迫农业集体化、工业化政策为特点，他在苏联第二次世界大战期间扮演了一个虽取得胜利却造成破坏的角色〔Leninabad〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. on the Syr Darya River south of Tashkent. One of the oldest towns of central Asia, it marked the farthest eastward expansion of Alexander the Great. Russia annexed the city in 1866. Population, 150,000.列宁纳巴德：苏联中亚部分一城市，位于锡尔河沿岸，塔什干的南部。它是中亚细亚最古老的城镇之一，标志着亚历山大大帝向东扩张时所到达的最远处。俄国于1866年将该城并入其版图。人口150,000 |
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