| 单词 | 创新 |
| 释义 | 〔Frankenthaler〕American abstract expressionist painter noted for her innovative techniques and brilliant use of color. Her works includeThe Human Edge (1967). 弗兰肯塞勒，海伦：(生于 1928) 美国抽象派油画家，以她创新意的技巧和对色彩的巧妙运用而著名。她的作品包括《人类的力量》 （1967年） 〔modernism〕Often Modernism The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century. 常作 Modernism 现代主义：与传统方式明显不同，使用创新表达方式的20世纪多种风格的文学艺术形式〔gimmick〕An innovative or unusual mechanical contrivance; a gadget.小新发明：一种创新的和特别的机械发明；小玩意儿〔invention〕"the invention and sweep of the staging"(John Simon)“舞台演出的创新和大改革”(约翰·西蒙)〔refurbish〕To make clean, bright, or fresh again; renovate.刷新：使重新干净、明亮或新鲜；创新〔Worde〕English printer credited with the introduction of italic type and numerous other innovations.沃德，温克因·德：(卒于 1534) 英国印刷家，因其引用斜体字和众多其它创新而著名〔Joyce〕Irish writer whose literary innovations have had a profound influence on modern fiction. His works includeUlysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939). 乔伊斯，詹姆斯：(1882-1941) 爱尔兰作家，他创新的文学手法对现代小说有着深远影响。他的作品包括《尤利西斯》 (1922年）以及 《为芬尼根守灵》 (1939年） 〔Belasco〕American playwright and theatrical producer known for his realistic stage settings and innovative lighting effects. Among his productions wereMadame Butterfly (1900) and Laugh, Clown, Laugh (1923). 比拉斯科，戴维：(1853-1931) 美国剧作家与戏剧制作者，以其现实主义的舞台布景和创新的灯光效果而闻名。其作品有《蝴蝶夫人》 （1900年）和 《笑吧，小丑，笑吧》 （1923年） 〔Caravaggio〕Italian painter of the baroque whose influential works, such asDeposition of Christ (1604), are marked by intense realism and revolutionary use of light. 卡拉瓦乔，米开朗琪罗·梅莉斯·达：(1573-1610) 意大利巴洛克画家，其有影响力的作品，如《耶稣下十字架》 （1604年），富于强烈的写实主义，并创新地运用了光线 〔Godard〕French filmmaker known for his innovative cinematic and narrative technique. His films, such asBreathless (1959) and Every Man for Himself (1980), chronicle the evolution of his political radicalism. 戈达尔，简·卢西：(生于 1930) 法国电影制作人，因他的创新的电影和叙述技术而著名。他的电影如《窒息》 （1959年）和 《自私》 （1980年），记录了他的激进政治观点的演变 〔Halas〕American professional football player (1922-1929) and coach (intermittently between 1922 and 1967) who revolutionized the sport with his innovative backfield formations.哈拉斯，乔治·斯坦利：(1895-1983) 美国职业橄榄球选手（1922-1929年），并于1922年到1967年期间不时地出任教练，他以创新的守卫阵形使这项运动发生了巨大变革〔powerful〕In the upper southern United States the wordspowerful and mighty are intensives used frequently like the adverb very : Your boy's grown powerful big.The new baby is mighty purty.Powerfulis used as an adjective in some expressions: The storm did a powerful lot of harm. In the same dialect regionthe nounpower has, in addition to its standard meaning, the sense of "a large number or amount.”This sense appears in theOxford English Dictionary as common in dialectal British English of the 18th and 19th centuries: "It has done a power of work" (Charles Dickens).All these derivative senses ofpower and might take advantage of the notion of strength inherent in these nouns, making them natural intensives. Colloquial English is always on the lookout for ways to make language more vivid with new intensives.We think of the upper southern part of the United States as linguistically conservative,but in fact it has preserved uses ofpower, powerful, and mighty that were innovative in their time. 在美国中南部powerful 及 mighty 这两个词用作强调词并与 very 一样用得很频繁： 你的儿子已长得很大了。新生儿非常干净。Powerful在有些表达中还用作形容词： 这暴风造成巨大灾害。 在同一方言区中，名词power 除了具有标准含义外， 还有“大的数字或数量”之意。该意义出现在牛津英语词典 中， 在18世纪及19世纪的英国英语方言中使用也十分普遍： “它已做了大量工作” （查尔斯·狄更斯）。所有power 及 might 的这些衍生意义都利用两个名词本身力量的含义而使它们成为强调词。 英语口语一直在寻求途径以运用新的强调词，使语言变得更为生动。我们认为美国中南部在语言的使用上是很保守的，但事实上，这部分地区却保留了在当时十分创新的power，powerful 及 mighty 的用法 〔Seurat〕French painter. A founder of neoimpressionism, he developed pointillism, the technique used in his masterpieceSunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886). 秀拉，乔治斯·皮尔：(1859-1891) 法国画家。新印象主义的奠基者，他创新点描派画法并将之用于其经典之作《拉格雷吉特岛的星期天下午》 （1886年） 〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔productive〕Effective in achieving specified results; originative:能生产…的：创造特定结果有效的；创新的：〔innovate〕To begin or introduce something new.创新：开始或介绍新东西〔combine〕The choreography, which combines artistry and athletics, is extremely innovative.兼有艺术和运动的舞蹈艺术是极具创新意义的〔Dana〕American newspaperman who as owner-editor of theNew York Sun (after 1868) promoted a lively, readable style and stressed human-interest stories. 达纳，查尔斯·安德森：(1819-1897) 美国报人，是《纽约太阳报》 (1868年以后）的编辑主任，创新一种生动的、可读性强的报纸风格，并重视人类利益的故事 〔skunkworks〕A small, loosely structured corporate research and development unit or subsidiary formed to foster innovation.科研机构：一种小的，结构松散的共同研究和发展的单位或分支公司，建成以鼓励创新〔mix〕Tradition and innovation are merged in this new composition.传统与创新和谐地统一在这个新的作品当中。〔Young〕American jazz musician whose innovative tenor saxophone style greatly influenced jazz improvisation.扬，莱斯特·维利斯：(1909-1959) 美国爵士音乐家，他所创新的高音萨克斯风格极大地影响了爵士乐的即兴创作〔foist〕"I can usually tell whether a poet . . . is foisting off on us what he'd like to think is pure invention"(J.D. Salinger)“我通常是能够区分出一个诗人…是否以他自以为完全是创新的文辞蒙混我们”(J.D.塞林杰)〔novelty〕A small mass-produced article, such as a toy or trinket.新奇的小物件：创新大量生产的小物件，如玩具或小装饰品〔gimmick〕An innovative stratagem or scheme employed especially to promote a project:伎俩，花招：一种创新的计策或计划，尤指促进一计划：〔Herbert〕English metaphysical poet whose works, including "The Collar" (1633), are religious in theme and marked by rich symbolism and inventive meter.赫伯特，乔治：(1593-1633) 英国玄学派诗人。他的作品，包括“项圈”(1663年），以宗教为主题，以丰富的意象和创新的音步为特征〔innovative〕Marked by or given to innovations.革新的，创新的〔Promethean〕One who is boldy creative or defiantly original in behavior or actions.普罗米修斯般的人：在行为举止或行动上勇于创造或富于反抗及创新的人〔aggro〕Very aggressive, fearless, and stylish, as in surfing or skateboarding:创新的：非常有进取心的、无畏的、新奇的，如在冲浪或滑板运动中：〔stock〕Repeated regularly without any thought or originality; routine:陈腐的：经常重复而没有思想或创新的；固定的：〔Lodge〕British physicist known for his pioneering work in radio receivers.洛奇爵士，奥利弗·约瑟夫：(1851-1940) 英国物理学家，以其在无线电接收机方面的创新研究而闻名〔groundbreaking〕Characterized by originality and innovation:有创造力的：以创造力和创新为特征的：〔drum〕drum up new business.努力开创新的事业〔bureaucracy〕innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy.陷入繁文缛节和官僚制度中的创新方法〔pathbreaking〕Characterized by originality and innovation; pioneering.开创的：具原味与创新特征的；先锋的〔sterile〕an infertile imagination.缺乏创新的想象力。 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。