| 单词 | 别人 |
| 释义 | 〔spellbinder〕One that holds others spellbound, especially an enthralling speaker or a particularly interesting book.引人入胜的小说：能迷住别人的东西，尤指能吸引听众的演说者或特别有趣的书〔inculcate〕To teach (others) by frequent instruction or repetition; indoctrinate:谆谆教诲：通过不断的说明或重复来教育（别人）；教训：〔Compton〕American physicist. He shared a 1927 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Compton effect.康普顿，阿瑟·霍利：(1892-1962) 美国物理学家，因发现康普顿效应而与别人共获1927年诺贝尔奖〔supervise〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to have the direction and oversight of the performance of others": 这些动词共有的中心意思为“指导或监督别人的工作”： 〔charitable〕Mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient.宽容的，仁爱的：在评价别人时适中或宽容的；宽大的〔pamper〕 Humor implies compliance with or accommodation to another's mood or idiosyncrasies: Humor 指屈从或习惯于别人的情绪或特性： 〔discuss〕These verbs mean to talk with others in an effort to reach agreement, to ascertain truth, or to convince.这些动词都表示与他人谈论以达成协议，确认真相或说服别人。〔incursion〕The act of entering another's territory or domain.侵略行为：进入别人国土或领地的行为〔raid〕The members of an army traveling on a particularroad to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid and road descend from the same Old English word rād. Theai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while theoa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishrād meant "the act of riding" and "the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,”senses that no longer exist for our wordroad. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid with the sense "a military expedition on horseback.”The Scots weren't making all the raids, however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : "aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.”The "Rode" was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的〔snipe〕To shoot at individuals from a concealed place.狙击：从隐秘的地方射击别人〔bur〕A persistently clinging or nettlesome person or thing.粘附物，难摆脱的人：经常粘着别人或恼人的人或事〔sharper〕One that deals dishonestly with others, especially a cheating gambler.诈骗者：不诚实的和别人打交道的人，尤指欺骗别人的赌徒〔wager〕An agreement under which each bettor pledges a certain amount to the other depending on the outcome of an unsettled matter.赌注：为一件未决事情的结果，每一个赌者保证给别人一定数额的一个约定〔humble〕To cause to be meek or modest in spirit.使柔顺，使谦和：使（别人）在精神上显得温顺或谦卑〔cut〕A wounding remark; an insult.辱骂，谩骂：伤别人感情的话语；辱骂〔go〕To undertake a project, trip, or responsibility without the presence or help of others.单干：没有别人帮助独立做或承担某一计划、旅行或责任〔bloodsucker〕A person who is intrusively or overly dependent upon another; a parasite.寄生虫：剥夺别人利益或过分依赖他人生活的人；寄生虫〔contrary〕Perverse implies disposition or determination to contravene what is expected or desired: Perverse 含有与别人的预期或愿望相抵触的性格或决心之意： 〔covet〕To feel immoderate desire for that which is another's.过分地妄想别人的所有物〔point〕Diplomacy is certainly not one of his strong points. Your weak point is your constant need for approval.外交显然不是他的特长。你的弱点是你总是需要得到别人的同意才有信心〔go〕went in with the others to buy a present.同别人一起买礼物〔wrong〕An invasion or a violation of another's legal rights.违法，犯罪：对于别人法律权利的侵犯或侵害〔cheerlead〕To express or promote automatic or servile praise:自动或卑下地表示称赞或夸大别人：〔beholden〕Owing something, such as gratitude, to another; indebted.受惠的：欠别人东西，如人情；感激的〔outgeneral〕To surpass (another, especially an opponent) in leadership.在领导才能上胜过（别人，尤指对手）〔behind〕In a place or condition that has been passed or left:落后地：处于被别人超过或丢下的地点或状态地：〔overbid〕To outbid (a person) for something, as at an auction.出价高于：如在拍卖中，对某物的出价高于（别人）〔nemesis〕To follow the proposed course of action is to invite nemesis. 按照别人建议的行动步骤而行动就是自找报应〔freeload〕To take advantage of the charity, generosity, or hospitality of others.吃白食：利用别人的慈善、慷慨或好客而占便宜〔projection〕The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or suppositions to others:投射：把自己的态度、感情或猜想归因到别人身上：〔cheerleader〕One who expresses or promotes thoughtless praise; an adulator.奉承者：表示赞扬或不加思索地夸大别人的人；谄媚的人〔jawbone〕To try to influence or pressure through strong persuasion, especially to urge to comply voluntarily.训人：试图通过极力劝说来施加影响或压力，尤指极力使别人自觉服从〔give〕gave their time to help others.花费他们的时间去帮助别人〔communicate〕To spread (a disease, for example) to others; transmit:传染：扩散（例如疾病）到别人；传开：〔humbug〕A person who claims to be other than what he or she is; an impostor.See Synonyms at impostor 冒名顶替者：自称是别人的人；骗子 参见 impostor〔wait〕To tarry until another catches up.停留：滞留直至别人追上〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔put〕"Many status games seem designed to put down others"(Alvin F. Poussaint)“许多权位竞争好象是为战胜别人而设计的”(阿尔文F.普森特)〔gatekeeper〕One who monitors or oversees the actions of others.一个监视或监督别人的举动的人〔covet〕To feel blameworthy desire for (that which is another's).See Synonyms at envy 非分地妄想（别人的所有物） 参见 envy |
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