| 单词 | 加利福尼亚 |
| 释义 | 〔Cypress〕A city of southern California, a suburb of Long Beach. Population, 42,655.塞浦路斯：加利福尼亚南部一城市，长滩的一个郊区。人口42,655〔Saratoga〕A city of western California southwest of San Jose. It is a residential community in a wine-producing region. Population, 28,061.萨拉托加：美国加利福尼亚西部一城市，位于圣何塞西南部。该市是盛产葡萄酒的住宅区。人口28,061〔Chumash〕A group of Hokan-speaking Native American peoples formerly inhabiting the southern California coastal region around and the channel islands off Santa Barbara, with a small present-day population near Santa Barbara.丘马什族：讲霍根语的土著美洲人，以前居住在加利福尼亚南部海岸地区和圣巴巴拉海峡群岛附近的岛上，人口同今天的圣巴巴拉相当〔Maidu〕A Native American people inhabiting northeast California south of Lassen Peak.迈杜人：居住在美国加利福尼亚东北部都拉森峰以南的美洲土著民族〔Riverside〕A city of southern California northeast of Santa Ana. The navel orange was introduced here in 1873, and the city still has an important citrus industry. Population, 226,505.里弗赛德：美国加利福尼亚南部一城市，位于圣安娜东北。1873年脐橙被引入此地，该城至今仍有重要的柑橘工业。人口226,505〔grunion〕A small fish(Leuresthes tenuis) of coastal waters of California and Mexico that spawns at night along beaches during the high tides of spring and summer. 银汉鱼：美国加利福尼亚及墨西哥沿岸海域的一种体型小的鱼（银汉鱼） ，春季和夏季涨潮时于夜间在沿岸产卵 〔Russell〕A peak, 4,296.8 m (14,088 ft) high, of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California.拉塞尔峰：美国加利福尼亚东部内华达山脉的一座山峰，海拔4,296.8米（合14,088英尺）〔sheepshead〕A redfish(Semicossyphus pulcher) of the Gulf of California, caught commercially or as a game fish. 隆头鱼：一种产于加利福尼亚海湾的鲈鮋（美丽突额隆头鱼） ，通常作商业性地捕捉或作为垂钓鱼种 〔Burbank〕A city of southern California near Los Angeles. There are several motion picture and television studios here. Population, 93,643.伯班克：加利福尼亚南部的一个城市，洛杉矶附近，有一些电影和电视制片厂，人口93,643〔chesterfield〕Chesterfield, a term for any type of sofa, was probably brought down from Canada, where it is common.According to Craig M. Carver inAmerican Regional Dialects, this regionalism is "unique to northern California.”The word probably comes from the name of a 19th-century earl of Chesterfieldand originally referred "specifically to a couch with upright armrests at either end.”It appears to have come into use in Canada around 1903and in Northern California at about the same time.Chester field 用来指任何一种沙发， 可能来自于加拿大，在那里这种用法相当普遍。克雷格·M·卡弗在美国地区方言 中指出， 这种方言是“加利福尼亚州北部特有的”。这个词可能源于19世纪的一个切斯特菲尔德伯爵的名字，最初用来“专指一种两侧都有垂直扶手的长沙发”。1903年前后这个词开始在加拿大被使用，大约同时也在加利福尼亚北部被使用〔Monrovia〕A city of southern California, an industrial and residential suburb of Los Angeles in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Population, 35,761.蒙罗维亚：美国加利福尼亚南部一城市，位于桑加布里埃尔山山脚，是洛杉矶的工业区和城郊住宅区。人口35,761〔piker〕Possibly from Piker [a poor migrant to California] 可能源自 Piker [加利福尼亚的穷移民] 〔redwood〕A very tall, evergreen, coniferous tree(Sequoia sempervirens) native to the coastal ranges of southern Oregon and central and northern California, having small, seed-bearing cones with peltate scales and unflattened branches. 红杉：一种高大常绿的结球果的树木（红杉属 常绿红杉） ，原产于俄勒冈州南部和加利福尼亚中北部靠海岸的山区，有外层为盾状鳞片的内含种子的小球果和非扁平的枝干 〔Monterey〕A city of western California south of San Francisco onMonterey Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. First settled in 1770 around a Franciscan mission, Monterey was a Spanish colonial capital for much of the time from 1774 to 1846, when it was taken by U.S. naval forces. The city and scenic Monterey Peninsula attract many tourists to the area. Population, 31,954. 蒙特里：美国加利福尼亚西部一城市，位于旧金山南部，太平洋的一个小入海口蒙特里海湾 沿岸。最早1770年建于弗朗西斯科教区附近，1774年到1846年的大部分时期中它是西班牙的殖民地首府，1846年被美国海军占领。该市和风景优美的 蒙特里半岛 成为游客向往的旅游胜地。人口31,954 〔Oxnard〕A city of southern California west-northwest of Los Angeles on the Pacific coast. It is a commercial and industrial center. Population, 142,216.奥克斯纳德：加利福尼亚南部一城市，位于太平洋海岸，洛杉矶西北偏西。它是一个商业和工业中心。人口142,216〔condor〕Either of two New World vultures,Vultur gryphus of the Andes or Gymnogyps californianus, a nearly extinct vulture of the mountains of California, having a bare head and neck and dull black plumage containing variable amounts of white. With a wingspan of about three meters (ten feet), they are the largest birds in the Western Hemisphere. 神鹰，秃鹫，兀鹫：西半球的两种兀鹫之一，即安第斯山区的康多兀鹫 或加利福尼亚山区濒于灭绝的 加州兀鹫 ，其头部与颈部无毛，羽毛呈暗黑色并带有些许白色，双翅展开长约3米(10英尺），它们是西半球最大的鸟类 〔Shoshone〕A group inhabiting the Great Basin area of Idaho, Utah, and Nevada south to Death Valley, California, now mostly in Nevada. Also called Western Shoshone 居住在爱达荷州，犹他州和内华达州的大盆地区向南直到加利福尼亚的死谷，现在大多住在内华达州的一支 也作 Western Shoshone〔Wilson〕A mountain, 1,741.6 m (5,710 ft) high, in the San Gabriel Mountains of southwest California northeast of Pasadena. Its observatory was established in 1904.威尔逊山：美国加利福尼亚西南部布尔埃尔山脉中、帕萨迪纳东北的一座山，海拔1,741.6米(5,710英尺）。1904年在这里建了一个天文台〔Pacifica〕A city of western California on the Pacific coast south of San Francisco. It is mainly residential. Population, 37,670.帕西菲卡：太平洋海岸加利福尼亚西部的一个城市，位于旧金山的南部。它主要是住宅区。人口37,670〔Yuma〕A Native American people inhabiting an area along the lower Colorado River, formerly on both banks but now mainly on the California side.尤马族：一支美洲土著人，沿科罗拉多河下游的地区居住，原先居住于两岸，但现在主要住在加利福尼亚这一侧〔Camarillo〕A city of southern California west of Los Angeles. It is a manufacturing center in a fertile farming area. Population, 52,303.卡马里奥：加利福尼亚南部的一座城市，位于洛杉矶西部。是肥沃农业区的制造业中心。人口52,303〔Burlingame〕A city of western California on the western shore of San Francisco Bay. It is mainly residential. Population, 26,801.伯林格姆：美国加利福尼亚西部一城市，位于旧金山湾西岸。是主要住宅区。人口26,801〔vaquero〕Used chiefly in southwest and central Texas to mean a ranch hand or cowboy,the wordvaquero is a direct loan from Spanish; that is, it is spelled and pronounced, even by English speakers, much as it would be in Spanish.In California, however, the same word was Anglicized tobuckaroo. Craig M. Carver, author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, points out that the two words also reflect cultural differences between cattlemen in Texas and California.The Texas vaquero was typically a bachelor who hired on with different outfits,while the California buckaroo usually stayed on the same ranch where he was born or had grown up and raised his own family there.主要用于得克萨斯西南部和中部，指经营牧场的人或牧童，vaquero 这个词是直接从西班牙语引借过来的； 就是说，即使是说英语的人，拼写和发音这个词也按照西班牙语的方式。然而在加利福尼亚同一个单词被英化成buckaroo。 克雷格·M·卡弗尔，美国区域性方言 的作者， 指出这两个词反应出得克萨斯和加利福尼亚两地牧民之间文化上的差异。得克萨斯的牧童特指在不同牧场上雇佣的单身汉，但是加利福尼亚的牧人通常指呆在他出生或长大并建立自己家园的同一牧场上〔Lompoc〕A city of southern California west-northwest of Santa Barbara. Vandenburg Air Force Base is nearby. Population, 37,649.隆波克：美国加利福尼亚湖南部一城市，位于圣巴巴拉市西北偏西。附近有凡登堡空军基地。人口37,649〔dragonfly〕Regional terms for the dragonfly are numerous, providing good evidence for dialect boundaries in the United States.The greatest variety of terms is to be found in the South,where the most widespread term issnake doctor (a name based on a folk belief that dragonflies take care of snakes).The Midland equivalent issnake feeder. Speakers from the Lower South, on the other hand, are more likely to refer to the same insect as amosquito hawk or, in the South Atlantic states, askeeter hawk. The imagery outside the South alludes more to the insect's shape than to its behavior or diet:Upper Northern speakers call it adarning needle or a devil's darning needle ; those in Coastal New Jersey, aspindle ; and Northern Californians, anear sewer. 各地对蜻蜓的许多不同叫法为美国的方言边界提供了很好的依据。对蜻蜓叫法最多的是南部，在那里最常用的是snake doctor （因民间认为蜻蜓照看蛇而得名）。中部有与此相应的叫法：snake feeder。 而南部较南端的人则通常把蜻蜓叫作mosquito hawk ， 南大西洋诸州又把它称为skeeter hawk。 南部以外的其它地方更多地根据蜻蜓的外形而非行为或食物为之命名：北部较北端的人把它叫作darning needle 或 devil's darning needle ； 新泽西州海岸一带叫spindle ； 而北加利福尼亚人则叫ear sewer 〔Westminster〕A city of southern California, a residential suburb of Long Beach. Population, 78,118.威斯敏斯特：美国加利福尼亚南部的一城市，为长滩的居住郊区。人口78,118〔Arden〕An unincorporated city of north-central California, a residential suburb of Sacramento. Population, 49,130.阿尔丁：加利福尼亚中北部未合并的城市，萨克拉门托的居住郊区。人口49,130〔crossover〕the crossover vote in California; a big crossover hit.加利福尼亚的跨党派投票；一记交叉重击〔Fairfield〕A city of western California north-northeast of Oakland. It was founded in 1859. Population, 77,211.费尔菲尔德：美国加利福尼亚西部的一座城市，在奥克兰东北偏北。建于1859年。人口77,211〔Earhart〕American aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean (1932) and from Hawaii to California (1935). While attempting to fly around the world, she crashed in the Pacific Ocean (1937) and was never found.埃尔哈特，阿梅莉亚：(1897?-1937) 美国飞行员，是第一位单人穿越大西洋(1932年）并从夏威夷飞抵加利福尼亚(1935年）的女性。当她尝试环球飞行时，在太平洋中坠机并失踪(1937年）〔Tahoe〕A lake on the California-Nevada border west of Carson City, Nevada. It is a popular resort area.塔霍湖：加利福尼亚－内华达边界上的一个湖泊，位于内华达州卡尔森城以西，它是一个著名的度假区〔sierra〕Perhaps in formal contextsit is wise after mentioning a mountain range such as the Sierra Nevadato refer to it next asthe Sierras rather thanthe Sierra Mountains, sincemountains is inherent in sierra. Nonetheless, many Californians and Nevadans in particular will be very familiar with phrases such asthe Sierra Mountains. Such phrases are used because to a non-Spanish speakersierra does not necessarily have a meaning, unless one is familiar with the English wordsierra, "a rugged range of mountains having an irregular profile,” borrowed from Spanish. In Spanishsierra originally meant "saw" and so was aptly applied to a range of hills or mountains rising in peaks that suggested the teeth of a saw.It comes from Latinserra, "saw,” to which can also be traced our wordserrated. 也许在正式的语境中，提到了一山脉如内华达山脉之后，紧接着再提到时称为the Sierra ， 而不是the Sierra Mountains ， 因为mountains 是包含在 sierra 之中的。 尽管如此，许多加利福尼亚人，尤其是内华达人对类似the Sierra Mountains 这样的词组很熟悉。 使用这样的词组是因为对一个非西班牙语的人来说，sierra 一词并不一定有意义， 除非是一个熟悉这个从西班牙语中借用来的英语单词sierra （一崎岖的山脉，有曲折的轮廓）的人。 在西班牙语中，sierra 原意为“锯子”， 所以很恰当地被用来指峰峦叠起，使人联想起锯齿的山脉或群山。这个词来源于拉丁文serra （锯子）， serrated 也可以追溯到这个拉丁词 〔Martinez〕A city of western California northeast of Oakland. It is a manufacturing and processing center. Population, 31,808.马丁内斯：美国加利福尼亚西部城市，位于奥克兰的东北。为制造和加工工业的中心。人口31,808〔Paradise〕An unincorporated community of north-central California in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada north of Sacramento. Population, 25,408.帕拉代斯：美国加利福尼亚中北部一个未取得自治权的社区，位于萨克拉门托以北的内华达山脉的山脚。人口25,408〔Whittier〕A city of southern California east-southeast of Los Angeles. Founded by Quakers in 1887, it is a residential community with varied industries. Population, 77,671.惠蒂尔市：美国加利福尼亚南部一城市，位于洛杉矶东南以东。1887年由贵格会教徒建立，现在它是具多种工业的一个居民社区。人口77,671〔Achomawi〕A Native American people inhabiting northeast California.艾可玛维人：指居住在加利福尼亚东北部的美洲土著居民〔affinity〕Her affinity for living in California led her to reject a chance to return to New York. 对居住在加利福尼亚的爱好导致她放弃重返纽约的机会。 〔Dublin〕An unincorporated town of western California, a residential suburb in the San Francisco-Oakland area. Population, 23,229.都柏林：美国加利福尼亚西部一个无法人地位的城市，旧金山-奥克兰地区的居住郊区。人口23,229〔Shasta〕A volcanic peak, 4,319.4 m (14,162 ft) high, of the Cascade Range in northern California. Discovered in 1827, it has hot sulfurous springs near the summit.沙斯塔山：一座火山山峰，海拔4,319.4米(14,162英尺），属于加利福尼亚北部的喀斯喀特山脉。它发现于1827年，在接近峰顶处有含硫磺温泉〔Steinbeck〕American writer of short stories and novels, most notablyThe Grapes of Wrath (1939), which concerns the social and economic plight of migrant farm workers in California. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature. 斯坦贝克，约翰·恩斯特：(1902-1968) 美国短篇小说作家，最著名作品《愤怒的葡萄》 （1939年），是关于加利福尼亚移民农场工人的社会和经济上的困境，他获得1962年诺贝尔文学奖 |
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