| 单词 | 加重 |
| 释义 | 〔accentuate〕"enacted sweeping land-reform plans that accentuated the already chaotic pattern of landholding"(James Fallows)“颁布土地改革计划，加重了本来就混乱的土地所有制形式”(詹姆斯·法洛斯)〔lead〕To cover, line, weight, or fill with lead.以铅覆盖：用铅覆盖、划线、加重或装满〔exacerbate〕To increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate:使…加剧，使…剧烈，使…恶化；加重：〔aggravation〕The act of aggravating or the state of being aggravated.加重；加剧；恶化：加重恶化的行为或被加重、恶化的状态〔tumbler〕A toy made with a weighted, rounded base so that it can rock over and then right itself.不倒翁：带有加重圆形底座，可来回摇晃并自己扶正的玩具〔internecine〕In the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary 91 percent of the Usage Panel approved the use ofinternecine relating to internal struggle within a nation or organization that did not necessarily imply fatal or destructive conflict.The objection that had been overcome for most of the Panel was thatinternecine should imply such destruction because it came from the Latin wordinternecīnus, a variant ofinternecīvus, "fought to the death, murderous,” ultimately derived fromnecāre, "to kill.” Inter- in this compound is simply an intensive, supplying the notion of "all the way to" in the sense "fought to the death.”Internecine in English, first recorded in 1663, indeed meant "deadly, destructive,”but Samuel Johnson, inserting the word in his dictionary of 1755,thought thatinter- meant "mutual" and so defined it as "endeavoring mutual destruction.”This definition set the word incorrectly on its present course,and wheninternecine was further extended simply to mean "relating to internal struggle,” the original error was compounded.However, the point is that the meaning of words can be changed by mistakes and that mistaken meanings adhere to words.Only an occasional etymologist points out that the emperor's new clothes are patched.在美国经典辞书 第一版中， 百分之九十一的用法专题使用小组成员赞同internecine 与一个国家或组织内部的斗争有关， 但并不一定是致命的或有破坏性的冲突。为大多数小组成员说服的反对意见为internecine 应该暗指这种破坏， 因为它来源于拉丁词internecinus ， 是internecivus 的变体，意为“战至死亡的，谋杀的”， 它最终来源于意为“杀害”的necare 。 在这个复合词中inter- 只是简单的一个强调成分， 在“战至死亡的”这个意义上加上“一直”这个概念。在英语中internecine 最早记载于1663年， 确实意味着“致死的，破坏性的”，但是塞缪尔·约翰逊在其1755年的字典中插入此词，认为inter- 意为“共同的”， 并且将它定义为“竭力造成共同破坏的”。这个定义造成此词今日用法的不准确，而且当internecine 更进一步被简单地引申为“关于内部斗争的”时， 其起源的错误就加重了。但是，重要的是词的意思被错误改变并且为错误意思所追随。只有偶尔的一个词源学家指出“皇帝的新衣服打满补丁”〔aggravate〕It is sometimes claimed thataggravate should be used only to mean "to make worse" and not "to irritate.” Based on this view it would be appropriate to sayThe endless wait for luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel, but not It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most. But the latter use dates back as far as the 17th century and is accepted by 68 percent of the Usage Panel. As H.W. Fowler wrote, "the extension from aggravating a person's temper to aggravating the person himself is slight and natural,and when we are told that Wackford Squeers [in Dickens'sNicholas Nickleby ] pinched the boys in aggravating places we may reasonably infer that his choice of places aggravated both the pinches and the boys.”有时认为aggravate 应当只被用来表示“加重；使恶化”的意思而不表示“使恼火；激怒”。 根据这种观点，The endless wait for luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel（无休止地等待行李加重了现代飞机旅行的困难） 这个句子是正确的，而 It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most（无休止地等待行李最为令我恼火） 这一句则不正确。 但是后一种用法可以追溯到17世纪，并且被百分之六十八的用法使用小组成员所接受。正如H·W·福勒写道，“从使一个人的脾气变得更坏到使一个人恼火的延伸是微小和自然的，当我们看到威克福特·斯贵尔斯［出自狄更斯的小说尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝 ］往令人恼火的地方拧孩子们时， 我们可以合理地推断出他所选择的地方既加剧了拧的疼痛又令孩子们大为恼火。”〔diver〕One that works under water, especially one equipped with breathing apparatus and weighted clothing.潜水员：水下工作者，尤指配有呼吸器和加重衣服的水下工作者〔aggravate〕To make worse or more troublesome.加重；加剧；使恶化：使变得更坏或更麻烦〔weight〕To increase the weight or body of (fabrics) by treating with chemicals.作加重处理：用化学制品来增加（织物）的重量或质地〔decrease〕His appetite lessens as his illness progresses.随着病情的加重，他的食欲下降了。〔cocarcinogen〕A substance or factor that will not promote cancer by itself but can potentiate cancer when acting with carcinogenic agents.辅致癌物质，癌变增强剂：自身不致癌但当与致癌剂作用则能加重癌症的物质或因素〔sound〕To measure the depth of (water), especially by means of a weighted line; fathom.探测深度：探测（水域的）深度，尤指利用加重线锤测；用测深绳测量〔boil〕 Stew refers literally to slow boiling and figuratively to a persistent but not violent state of agitation: Stew 字面上用文火煨，喻指长时间但并不加重的焦虑： |
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