| 单词 | 动词形式 |
| 释义 | 〔subjunctive〕Of, relating to, or being a mood of a verb used in some languages for contingent or hypothetical action, action viewed subjectively, or grammatically subordinate statements.虚拟的：属于、有关或构成一种或一组动词形式的，这种形式是用来说明被表示的行为或状态不是事实，而是思想上认为是可能发生的，或带着某些情感来看待的事情〔frequentative〕A frequentative verb or verb form.反复词：反复动词或动词形式〔future〕The form of a verb used in speaking of action that has not yet occurred or of states not yet in existence.将来式：用于表示将来动作或状态的动词形式〔or〕When all the elements are plural,the verb is plural.When the elements do not agree in number,some grammarians have suggested that the verb be governed by the element to which it is nearer: 当所有各项均为复数形式时，动词亦采用复数形式。当事物数量不统一时，有些语法学家主张动词形式由离它最近项（的单复数形式）决定： 〔perfect〕A verb or verb form in the perfect tense.动词的完成式：完成时态的动词或动词形式〔need〕The auxiliary forms ofneed are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main verb forms in that they always refer to an externally imposed obligation.Hence one might sayYou needn't (or less formally, don't need to ) fill out both forms, but where the sense of necessity is internal to the subject,only the main verb can be used: Need 的助动词形式主要用于现在时态的疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 它们在意思上和用作实义动词的形式有细微的区别，它们总指外部加强的压力。因此我们可以说你没必要 （或不太正规的 don't need to ) 填两份表格 ， 但是对于物体来说需要的意思是内在的，所以只能用实义动词： 〔future〕A verb form in the future tense.将来时：以将来时态出现的动词形式〔preterit〕The verb form expressing or describing a past action or condition.过去式动词：表示或描绘过去的动作或状态的动词形式〔afraid〕The notion of removal from a state of peace happens to be the basis for constructing.exfredāre, literally "to remove from peace,” the Vulgar Latin ancestor of our wordafraid. This Vulgar Latin word is made up of the Latin prefixex-, "out of,” and a Vulgar Latin verb of the form .fridāre or .fretāre, which came from Germanic.frithuz, "peace.” The Old French wordesfraier, "to disturb,” which subsequently developed from .exfredāre, came into Middle English asaffraien, a verb whose earliest recorded sense, found in a text composed possibly around 1300, is "to frighten, disturb.” Affray, the descendant of affraien, is little used in contemporary writing and speech, but the same cannot be said of the descendant of the past participle ofaffraien, our adjective afraid. 离开平静的状态，这个概念恰好是exfredare 一词的构词基础。 这个词字面意思为“离开平静”，是afraid 一词的俗拉丁语始祖。 这个俗拉丁语词汇由意为“离开”的拉丁语前缀ex- 和俗拉丁语动词形式的 fridare 或 fretare 组成， 这一俗拉丁语动词形式又源自日耳曼语frithuz, 意为“平静”。 古法语单词esfraier, 意为“打扰”是随后从 exfredare 发展而来的， 其以affraien 的动词形式传入中古英语，这个词最早的有记载的意义为“吓唬，打扰”，见载于约1300年的一篇文章中。 Affray 为 affraien 的派生词，其很少在当代文章以及口语中使用， 但这不等于说明affraien 的过去分词的派生词，现在的形容词 afraid 也很少使用 〔present〕A verb form in the present tense.现在时态的动词形式〔dare〕The auxiliary forms are used primarily in present tense questions, negations, imperatives, and conditional clauses.These forms differ subtly in meaning from the main verb formsin that they emphasize the attitude or involvement of the speakerwhile the main verb forms present a more objective situation.ThusHow dare she take the exam without ever once coming to class? expresses indignation at the student's action, whereasHow did she dare to take the exam without ever once coming to class? is a genuine request for information. Whendare is used as a transitive verb meaning "challenge,” only main verb forms are possible andto is required: 助动词形式主要用于一般现在时疑问句、否定句、祈使句和条件从句中。这些形式和实义动词形式的意思有细微的差别，即他们强调说话者的态度和参与，而实义动词形式给出一个较客观的形势。因此她怎么敢从未上过课就参加考试呢? 表示对该学生行为的愤怒， 然而她从未上过课怎么敢参加考试呢? 是一真实的信息需求， 当dare 用作及物动词意指“挑战”时， 只能是实义动词形式而且要接to ： 〔chaw〕The use ofchaw for chew , in both the verb and the noun, is remarkably wide in its U.S. distribution,occurring in pronunciations from New England south to the Gulf States,throughout the Midwest,and westward to Colorado and California.Chaw has a wide range of senses in regional expressions. One meaning of the verb is "to bawl someone out": He chawed her good. A Southern sense is "to get the best of someone in a bantering contest" or simply "to embarrass": "That compliment sort of chawed me" (Publication of the American Dialect Society).The nounchaw can mean "a twist of chewing tobacco" or "an attachment or hold (on someone)”; for example, a flirtatious girl in South Midland states is "tryin' to git a chaw on a feller" (Dialect Notes).In areas where Irish immigrants were seeking work at the turn of the century,chaw was a derogatory term for an Irishman. 在名词以及动词形式上以chaw 代替 chew 的用法， 在美国分得尤为普遍，就发音上来说出现在从新英格兰南到海湾各州，整个中西部地区，以及往西直到科罗拉多和加利福尼亚。Chaw 在地区用法上意义范围很广。 动词的一个意义是“痛骂，大声训斥”： 他把她狠狠了骂了一顿。 在南部它指“在互相取笑中占了某人的上风”或者简单地指“使难堪”： “那句称赞让我有些难堪” （美国方言协会出版物）。Chaw 用作名词可以指“一撮咀嚼的烟草”或者“（对某人的）爱慕或占有”； 例如，一个中南部的卖弄风情的女人 “设法让一个小伙子迷上她” （方言笔记）。在本世纪初爱尔兰移民们寻找工作的地区，chaw 是对爱尔兰人的贬称 |
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