| 单词 | 劳作 |
| 释义 | 〔maneuver〕operārī [to work] * see op- operārī [劳作] * 参见 op- 〔tire〕fatigued by the day's labors;被一天的劳作弄得疲惫不堪；〔manure〕Latin operārī [to work] * see op- 拉丁语 operārī [劳作] * 参见 op- 〔geoponic〕ponein [to toil] * see (s)pen- ponein [劳作] * 参见 (s)pen- 〔tilth〕from tilian [to labor] 源自 tilian [劳作] 〔maneuver〕from Latin manū operārī [to work by hand] 源自 拉丁语 manū operārī [用手劳作] 〔lethargy〕 Lethargy, a state of sluggishness and inactivity,may be caused by factors such as illness, fatigue, or overwork,but it manifests itself in drowsy dullness or apathy: Lethargy 意指无精打采及没有活力的状态，可能因诸如疾病、疲劳或过度劳作等方面的因素引起，但是该词表明自己是令人昏昏欲睡的单调乏味与呆滞： 〔manure〕from Vulgar Latin *manūoperāre [to work with the hands] 源自 俗拉丁语 *manūoperāre [用手劳作] 〔workhorse〕A horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or riding.役马：不用于比赛或乘骑而用于劳作的马〔sharecrop〕To work as a sharecropper.作为谷租佃农进行劳作〔grub〕To toil arduously; drudge:辛劳：艰苦劳作；做苦工：〔alligator〕InThe Travailes of an Englishman, published in 1568, Job Hortop says that "in this river we killed a monstrous Lagarto or Crocodile.”This killing gives rise to the first recorded instance ofalligator in English, obviously in a different form from the one familiar to modern speakers.Alligator, which comes to us from Spanish el lagarto, "the lizard,” was modified in pronunciation and form in several ways before taking on the formalligator. Such changes, referred to by linguists as taboo deformation,are not uncommon in a name for something that is feared and include,for example, the change in sequence of ther and t that occurred between el lagarto and alligator. An interesting parallel case iscrocodile, which appears in Spanish, for example, ascocodrilo, with a similar difference in the sequence of the r. The earliest recorded form ofalligator that is similar to ours appears in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (First Folio, 1623): "In his needie shop a tortoyrs hung,/An Allegater stuft.”在出版于1568年的英国人的劳作 一书中， 约伯·霍特普说“在这条河里我们杀死过一只巨大的蜥蜴或鳄鱼。”这次捕杀导致alligator 作为首次载入英语的实例， 和现代人所熟悉的词形明显不同。Alligator 来源于西班牙语 ellagarto， 意思是“蜥蜴，” 在采用alligator 这个词之前，其发音和词形经过了好几种变化。 这些变化，语言学家们称作禁忌变形，在人们惧怕的某种事物的名称里是常见的，而且还包括r 和 t 在以下两个单词 ellagarto 和 alligator 间依次的变化。 一个同样有趣的例子是crocodile， 在西班牙语里是cocodrilo， 区别在于排列顺序不同的 r 上。 最早记载的alligator 其词形接近我们所使用的词形，出现于莎士比亚的 罗密欧与朱丽叶 中，（1623年第一版对开本）： “在他的日用品店中挂着一个玩具，一只布做的鳄鱼。”〔industry〕Energetic devotion to a task or an endeavor; diligence:勤劳，勤勉：对某个任务或劳作热情地投入；勤奋：〔healthy〕"Gardening . . . and working in wood, are fit and healthy recreations for a man of study or business" (John Locke).“从事园艺 . . . 和在树林中劳作对于学习或上班的人来说，是一项适合而健康的消遣” （约翰·洛克）。〔grub〕grub for a living.为谋生而艰苦劳作 |
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