| 单词 | 勇敢 |
| 释义 | 〔buccaneer〕The Errol Flynn-like figure of the buccaneer pillaging the Spanish Main may seem less dashing if we realize that the termbuccaneer corresponds to the word barbecuer. The first recorded use of the French wordboucanier, which was borrowed into English, referred to a person on the islands of Hispaniola and Tortuga who hunted wild oxen and boars and smoked the meat in a barbecue frame known in French as aboucan. This French word came from an Arawakan or Tupinamba word meaning "a rack, sometimes used for roasting or for storing things, or a racklike platform supporting an Indian house.”The original barbecuers seem to have subsequently adapted a more remunerative way of life, piracy,which accounts for the new meaning given to the word.Buccaneer is recorded first in 1661 in its earlier sense in English; the sense we are familiar with is recorded in 1690.如果我们认识到buccaneer 一词与 barbecuer 一词词意相当，那么象艾洛尔·弗里恩这样掠夺西班牙船只的海盗也许看起来不算是勇敢了。 法语词boucanier 借用到英语中最早记录下来的意义， 是指生活在伊斯帕尼奥拉岛和托丢伽岛上的人，他们猎野牛和野猪，在boucan 这种烧烤架上烤肉。 这个法语词来自阿拉瓦克语或图皮南巴语，意为“一种架子，有时用来炙烤或贮藏食物，或指架状平台，用来支撑印第安人的房子”。专事炙烤的土著后来适应了海上掠夺这一更有利可图的生活方式。这就是boucan一词为什么被赋予了新的意义。Buccaneer 的早些时候的意义于1661年最早用英语记录下来， 而我们所熟悉的该词的含义是于1690年记录下来的〔bravery〕The condition or quality of being brave; courage.勇敢，勇气：勇敢的条件或品质；勇气〔Gentileschi〕Italian Renaissance painter whose works include self-portraits and paintings of courageous women of the Old Testament.真蒂莱斯基，阿尔特米西亚：(1593?-1652?) 意大利文艺复兴时期画家，作品包括自画像和旧约全书中勇敢妇女的油画〔ironside〕One who is very strong and courageous.勇敢果断的人：十分强壮且有勇气的人〔bravado〕A pretense of courage; a false show of bravery.故作勇敢；假装表现出勇敢〔cavalry〕from cavaliere [cavalier] * see cavalier 源自 cavaliere [勇敢侠义的人，骑士] * 参见 cavalier〔Bushido〕The traditional code of the Japanese samurai, stressing honor, self-discipline, bravery, and simple living.武士道：一种日本武士阶级的传统习俗准则，强调忠诚、自制、勇敢和简朴的生活〔Mafia〕perhaps from dialectal mafia [bluster, boldness] 可能源自 方言 mafia [恫吓，勇敢] 〔stouten〕To make or become stout or stouter.（使）勇敢起来：使…勇敢或更勇敢；变得勇敢或更勇敢〔valiant〕Marked by or done with valor.See Synonyms at brave 英勇的：以勇敢为特色的，或与勇气相伴的 参见 brave〔gallantry〕Nobility of spirit or action; courage.勇敢：精神或行动上的高尚；勇气〔male〕Manful suggests bravery and resoluteness: Manful 意指勇敢和决心： 〔bravado〕from bravo [brave] * see brave 源自 bravo [勇敢] * 参见 brave〔brave〕To make a courageous show or to put up a stalwart front.做勇敢状或建起一道坚固的前线〔stand〕To confront fearlessly; face up to.勇敢面对；顶得住〔speak〕To talk freely and fearlessly, as about a public issue.说出：勇敢和自由地说出，例如关于公众问题〔manful〕Having or showing the bravery and resoluteness considered characteristic of a man.See Synonyms at male 大丈夫气概的：具有或表现出被认为具有男人勇敢和果断特点的 参见 male〔courage〕The state or quality of mind or spirit that enables one to face danger, fear, or vicissitudes with self-possession, confidence, and resolution; bravery.勇敢，无畏，勇气，胆量：使人带有沉着、自信和决心面对危险、恐怖或世事无常的心理素质或状态；勇气〔timid〕problems that call for bold, not timid, responses.需要勇敢而不是怯懦去面对的问题〔surface〕a soldier who, on the surface, appeared brave and patriotic.表面上很勇敢和爱国的一个士兵〔courageous〕Having or characterized by courage; valiant.See Synonyms at brave 有勇气的：具有勇气的，以勇敢为特点的；有胆量的 参见 brave〔Wayne〕American film actor who played tough heroes in Westerns such asStagecoach (1939), Red River (1948), and True Grit (1969), for which he won an Academy Award. 韦恩，约翰：(1907-1979) 美国电影演员，在西部片中饰演桀骜不驯的英雄。影片有《关山飞渡》 （1939年）， 《红河》 （1948年），和 《真正的勇敢》 （1869年），并为此获奥斯卡奖 〔citation〕a citation for bravery.因勇敢而给的嘉奖〔male〕We made a manful effort to redress the grievance.我们勇敢而坚强地努力补偿那痛苦。〔valorous〕Marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant.See Synonyms at brave 勇敢的：以巨大的个人勇敢为特点的，或具有巨大个人勇敢的；气概豪迈的 参见 brave〔chivalry〕The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women.骑士品质：被骑士制度所理想化的品质，如勇敢、彬彬有礼、荣誉感以及对女人的殷勤等〔brave〕"Familiarity with danger makes a brave man braver, but less daring" (Herman Melville). “熟悉危险使勇士更勇敢，但减少了鲁莽” （赫尔曼·麦维尔）。〔noble〕Having or showing qualities of high moral character, such as courage, generosity, or honor:高尚的，崇高的：有或表现出极高的道德品质的，如勇敢、大度或人格：〔spirited〕Full of or characterized by animation, vigor, or courage:精神饱满的、活泼的或勇敢的，以精神饱满、活泼、勇敢为特征的：〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔brave〕 Valiant, said principally of persons, suggests the bravery of a hero or a heroine: Valiant 主要指人，说明英雄或女英雄的勇敢： 〔command〕The troops' bravery commanded respect.部队的勇敢值得尊敬〔stout〕Having or marked by boldness, bravery, or determination; firm and resolute.勇敢的：有气胆、勇敢、坚决的或以之为特征的；坚定的，坚决的〔valor〕Courage and boldness, as in battle; bravery.英勇：勇气和胆量，如在战斗中；勇敢〔bite〕To face a painful situation bravely and stoically.忍辱负重：勇敢冷静得地面对困境〔sitzkrieg〕Warfare marked by a lack of aggression or progress.对峙战，胶着战：有缺乏勇敢或前进特征的战斗〔gaze〕gazed into her eyes. Tostare is to gaze fixedly; the word can indicate curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity: 注视着她的眼睛。 Stare 指固定地凝视； 这个词暗示好奇、勇敢、无礼貌或愚蠢： 〔keep〕To be stalwart, courageous, or optimistic in the face of difficulty.乐观，坚定：在困难面前坚定、勇敢或乐观〔splendid〕Admirable for boldness or purity; surpassing:卓越的：因为勇敢纯洁而为人称颂的居于先进水平： |
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