| 单词 | 化合价 |
| 释义 | 〔thallium〕A soft, malleable, highly toxic metallic element, used in photocells, infrared detectors, low-melting glass, and formerly in rodent and ant poisons. Atomic number 81; atomic weight 204.37; melting point 303.5°C; boiling point 1,457°C; specific gravity 11.85; valence 1, 3. See table at element 铊：柔轻的可延展的剧毒金属元素，用于光电池、红外检测器、低熔玻璃，从前用于田鼠和蚂蚁的毒药。原子序数81；原子量204.37；熔点303.5°C；沸点1,457°C；比重11.85；化合价1或3 参见 element〔polonium〕A naturally radioactive metallic element, occurring in minute quantities as a product of radium disintegration and produced by bombarding bismuth or lead with neutrons. It has 27 isotopes ranging in mass number from 192 to 218, of which Po 210, with a half-life of 138.39 days, is the most readily available. Atomic number 84; melting point 254°C; boiling point 962°C; specific gravity 9.32; valence 2, 4. See table at element 钋：一种具有天然辐射性的金属元素，作为镭分裂的产物以极小量出现，可通过用中子轰击铋或铅获得。它从192到218的质量数中可排列为27种同位素，其中的钋210半衰期达138.39天，是最易得到的同位素。原子序数84；熔点254°C；沸点962°C；比重9.32；化合价2, 4 参见 element〔lead〕Symbol Pb A soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena and used in containers and pipes for corrosives, solder and type metal, bullets, radiation shielding, paints, and antiknock compounds. Atomic number 82; atomic weight 207.19; melting point 327.5°C; boiling point 1,744°C; specific gravity 11.35; valence 2, 4. See table at element 符号 Pb 铅：一种柔软、有延展性和可锻性的，蓝白色高密度金属元素，主要从方铅矿中提取，用于集装箱、耐腐蚀管道、焊料和字铅、子弹、放射性防护屏、涂料及抗爆化合物。原子序数82；原子量207.19；熔点327.5°C；沸点1,744°C；比重11.35；化合价2或4 参见 element〔chromium〕A lustrous, hard, steel-gray metallic element, resistant to tarnish and corrosion and found primarily in chromite. It is used as a catalyst, to harden steel alloys and produce stainless steels, in corrosion-resistant decorative platings, and as a pigment in glass. Atomic number 24; atomic weight 51.996; melting point 1,890°C; boiling point 2,482°C; specific gravity 7.18; valence 2, 3, 6. See table at element 铬：一种有光泽的、蓝灰色的坚硬金属元素。不失光泽，抗腐蚀，最早在铬铁矿中发现。用作催化剂，可加强钢合金的强度和生产不锈钢，可以做防腐镀层和玻璃制品中的颜料。原子序数24；原子量51.996；熔点1,890°C；沸点2,482°C；比重7.18；化合价2，3，6 参见 element〔barium〕A soft, silvery-white alkaline-earth metal, used to deoxidize copper and in various alloys. Atomic number 56; atomic weight 137.34; melting point 725°C; boiling point 1,140°C; specific gravity 3.50; valence 2. See table at element 钡：一种柔软，银白色的碱土金属，用来还原铜并用于各种合金。原子序数56；原子量137.34；熔点725°C；沸点1,140°C；比重3.50；化合价2 参见 element〔holmium〕A relatively soft, malleable, stable rare-earth element occurring in gadolinite, monazite, and other rare-earth minerals. Atomic number 67; atomic weight 164.930; melting point 1,461°C; boiling point 2,600°C; specific gravity 8.803; valence 3. See table at element 钬：一种较软、易锻打且稳定的稀土元素，存于硅铍钇矿、独居石和其他稀土矿中。原子序数67；原子量164.903；熔点1,461°C；沸点2,600°C；比重8.803；化合价3 参见 element〔plutonium〕A naturally radioactive, silvery, metallic transuranic element, occurring in uranium ores and produced artificially by neutron bombardment of uranium. Its longest-lived isotope is Pu 244 with a half-life of 76 million years. It is a radiological poison, specifically absorbed by bone marrow, and is used, especially the highly fissionable isotope Pu 239, as a reactor fuel and in nuclear weapons. Atomic number 94; melting point 640°C; boiling point 3,235°C; specific gravity 19.84; valence 3, 4, 5, 6. See table at element 钚：一种天然地放射性银色超铀金属元素，存在于铀矿中，对铀元素进行中子轰击而人工制成。其存在周期最长的同位素是半衰期为七千六百万年的钸244，它是一种核辐射毒素，特别是能被骨髓吸收。尤其是其极具可裂变性的同位素钸239，被用作一种核反应燃料并用在核武器中。原子序数94；熔点640°C；沸点3,235°C；比重19.84；化合价3, 4, 5, 6 参见 element〔tellurium〕A brittle, silvery-white metallic element usually found in combination with gold and other metals, produced commercially as a byproduct of the electrolytic refining of copper and used to alloy stainless steel and lead, in ceramics, and, in the form of bismuth telluride, in thermoelectric devices. Atomic number 52; atomic weight 127.60; melting point 449.5°C; boiling point 989.8°C; specific gravity 6.24; valence 2, 4, 6. See table at element 碲：一种易碎的银白色的金属元素，通常在金和其它金属的结合体中发现，在铜的电解中以副产品的形式提炼出来，用于在制陶术中和在热电设备中以碲化铋的形式合铸不锈钢和铅。原子序数52；原子量127.60；熔点449.5°C；沸点989.8°C；比重6.24；化合价2，4，6 参见 element〔nitrogen〕A nonmetallic element that constitutes nearly four fifths of the air by volume, occurring as a colorless, odorless, almost inert diatomic gas, N2, in various minerals and in all proteins and used in a wide variety of important manufactures, including ammonia, nitric acid, TNT, and fertilizers. Atomic number 7; atomic weight 14.0067; melting point -209.86°C; boiling point -195.8°C; valence 3, 5. See table at element 氮：一种非金属元素，按体积计算约占空气的五分之四，是一种无色、无味几乎为惰性的双原子气体，N2，存在于各种矿物和所有的蛋白质中，广泛地运用于各种重要的生产中包括生产氨酸、硝酸、黄色炸药以及化肥。原子序数7；原子量14.0067；熔点-209.86°C；沸点-195.8°C；化合价3,5 参见 element〔zinc〕A bluish-white, lustrous metallic element that is brittle at room temperature but malleable with heating. It is used to form a wide variety of alloys including brass, bronze, various solders, and nickel silver, in galvanizing iron and other metals, for electric fuses, anodes, and meter cases, and in roofing, gutters, and various household objects. Atomic number 30; atomic weight 65.37; melting point 419.4°C; boiling point 907°C; specific gravity 7.133 (25°C); valence 2. See table at element 锌：一种蓝白色带光泽的金属元素，室温下易碎，但加热后可展延。用于制造各种合金，包括黄铜、青铜、各种焊料和镍银，以及给铁和其它金属镀锌，还用于电保险丝、阳极和仪表，以及屋面材料、檐槽和各种家庭用具。原子序数30；原子量65.37；熔点419.4°C；沸点907°C；比重7.133（在25°C时）；化合价2 参见 element〔thulium〕A bright, silvery rare-earth element obtained commercially from monazite, having an x-ray emitting isotope that is used in small portable medical x-ray units. Atomic number 69; atomic weight 168.934; melting point 1,545°C; boiling point 1,727°C; specific gravity 9.3; valence 2, 3. See table at element 铥：一种商业上可从独居石中提取的亮银色稀土元素。它有一种可以释放X射线的同位素，用于小型便携式医疗X射线设备。原子数69；原子量168.934；熔点1,545°C；沸点1,727°C；比重9.3；化合价2,3 参见 element〔nickel〕Symbol Ni A silvery, hard, ductile, ferromagnetic metallic element used in alloys, in corrosion-resistant surfaces and batteries, and for electroplating. Atomic number 28; atomic weight 58.71; melting point 1,453°C; boiling point 2,732°C; specific gravity 8.902; valence 0, 1, 2, 3. See table at element 符号 Ni 镍：一种银色的、坚硬有韧性的金属元素，用于合金、耐腐的表面和电池以及电镀。原子序数28；原子量58.71；熔点1,453°C；沸点2,732°C；比重8.902；化合价0，1，2，3 参见 element〔samarium〕A silvery or pale gray metallic rare-earth element found in monazite and bastnaesite and used as a dopant for laser materials, in infrared absorbing glass, and as a neutron absorber in certain nuclear reactors. Atomic number 62; atomic weight 150.35; melting point 1,072°C; boiling point 1,791°C; specific gravity (approximately) 7.50; valence 2, 3. See table at element 钐：一种银色或灰色稀土金属元素，含于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，用于激光制品掺杂剂，红外线吸光玻璃，在一些核反应堆中作中子吸收剂。原子序数62；原子量150.35；熔点1,072°C；沸点1,791°C；比重约7.50；化合价2，3 参见 element〔uranous〕Of or relating to uranium, especially with valence lower than in comparable uranic compounds.（合）铀的：铀的或与铀有关的，尤指比同类铀化合物化合价低的〔aluminum〕A silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the earth's crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is used to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys. Atomic number 13; atomic weight 26.98; melting point 660.2°C; boiling point 2,467°C; specific gravity 2.69; valence 3. See table at element 铝：一种银白色韧性金属元素，在地壳中含量最多，但只出现在混合物主要是铝土矿中。由于有良好的导电导热特性而被用来制造多种硬而轻的抗蚀合金。原子序数13；原子量26.98；熔点660.2°C；沸点2,467°C；比重2.69；化合价3 参见 element〔tantalum〕A very hard, heavy, gray metallic element that is exceptionally resistant to chemical attack below 150°C. It is used to make light-bulb filaments, electrolytic capacitors, lightning arresters, nuclear reactor parts, and some surgical instruments. Atomic number 73; atomic weight 180.948; melting point 2,996°C; boiling point 5,425°C; specific gravity 16.6; valence 2, 3, 4, 5. See table at element 钽：一种非常坚硬、密度很大的灰色金属元素，在摄氏150度以下能抗化学物质的强腐蚀。它被用来制造灯泡的灯芯、电解电容器、避雷针装置、核反应堆部件以及一些外科手术用的器具。原子序数为73；原子量为180,948；熔点为2,996°C；沸点为5,425°C；比重为16.6；化合价为2,3,4,5 参见 element〔valence〕The combining capacity of an atom or a radical determined by the number of electrons that it will lose, add, or share when it reacts with other atoms.化合价，原子价：原子或原子团与其它原子结合的能力是由它在与其它的原子结合时所丢失、增加或共享的电子的数目决定的〔niobium〕A silvery, soft, ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly in columbite-tantalite and is used in steel alloys, arc welding, and superconductivity research. Atomic number 41; atomic weight 92.906; melting point 2,468°C; boiling point 4,927°C; specific gravity 8.57; valence 2, 3, 5. See table at element 铌：一种象银的、柔软的、可延展的金属元素，主要存在于铌钽物中，用于钢铁合金、弧形焊接以及超导（电）性研究中。原子序数41；原子量92,906；熔点2,468°C；沸点4,927°C；比重8.57；化合价2,3,5 参见 element〔valence〕The valences of copper are 1 and 2.铜的化合价是+1价和+2价〔sulfurous〕Of, relating to, derived from, or containing sulfur, especially with valence 4.硫的：硫的、有关硫的、从硫中提取的或含硫的，尤指化合价为4的硫〔phosphorus〕Symbol P A highly reactive, poisonous, nonmetallic element occurring naturally in phosphates, especially apatite, and existing in three allotropic forms, white (or sometimes yellow), red, and black. An essential constituent of protoplasm, it is used in safety matches, pyrotechnics, incendiary shells, and fertilizers and to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Atomic number 15; atomic weight 30.9738; melting point (white) 44.1°C; boiling point 280°C; specific gravity (white) 1.82; valence 3, 5. See table at element 符号 P 磷：一种易起化学反应的、有毒的非金属元素，常在磷酸盐中天然存在，尤其是磷灰石，以三种同素异形的形式存在，为白色（有时是黄色），红色和黑色，是原生质的基本成分，可用于安全火柴、烟花、燃烧弹和化肥，还可以保护金属表面免于腐蚀。原子序数为15；原子量30.9738；熔点（白色的）为44.1°C；沸点为280°C；比重（白色的）1.82；化合价3,5 参见 element〔rubidium〕A soft silvery-white metallic element of the alkali group that ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently with water, used in photocells and in the manufacture of vacuum tubes. Atomic number 37; atomic weight 85.47; melting point 38.89°C; boiling point 688°C; specific gravity (solid) 1.532; valence 1, 2, 3, 4. See table at element 铷：一种银白色的软的碱性金属元素，与空气接触会立即燃烧，与水反应剧烈，用于光电池和制造真空管。原子序数37；原子量85.47；熔点38.89°C；沸点688°C；比重（固体）1.532；化合价1,2,3,4 参见 element〔praseodymium〕A soft, silvery, malleable, ductile rare-earth element that develops a characteristic green tarnish in air. It occurs naturally with other rare earths in monazite and is used to color glass and ceramics yellow, as a core material for carbon arcs, and in metallic alloys. Atomic number 59; atomic weight 140.907; melting point 935°C; boiling point 3,127°C; specific gravity 6.8; valence 3, 4. See table at element 镨：一种银色、柔软、可延展的粘性稀土元素，在空气中能形成绿色失泽膜，在自然界中它与其它稀土元素一同存在于独居石中，用于彩色玻璃和陶器黄色颜料，是炭精电弧的核心材料，并用于金属合金。原子序数59；原子量140.907；熔点935°C；沸点3,127°C；比重6.8；化合价3,4 参见 element〔strontium〕A soft, silvery, easily oxidized metallic element that ignites spontaneously in air when finely divided. Strontium is used in pyrotechnic compounds and various alloys. Atomic number 38; atomic weight 87.62; melting point 769°C; boiling point 1,384°C; specific gravity 2.54; valence 2. See table at element 锶：一种银色易氧化的软金属，被分割时能在空气中自燃。锶被用于烟火材料的复合物和各种合金。原子序数为38；原子量为87.62；熔点为769°C；沸点为1,384°C；比重为2.54；化合价为2 参见 element〔molybdous〕Designating molybdenum or a compound containing molybdenum, especially with a valence of less than 6.亚钼的：指钼的或含有钼化合物的，尤指化合价小于6的〔atomicity〕The number of atoms in a molecule.原子数，原子价，化合价：单质分子中的原子数〔boron〕A soft, brown, amorphous or crystalline nonmetallic element, extracted chiefly from kernite and borax and used in flares, propellant mixtures, nuclear reactor control elements, abrasives, and hard metallic alloys. Atomic number 5; atomic weight 10.811; melting point 2,300°C; sublimation point 2,550°C; specific gravity (crystal) 2.34; valence 3. See table at element 硼：一种柔软、棕色、无定形或结晶的非金属元素，主要从四水硼砂和硼砂中提取，用于闪光剂、推进混合物、原子反应控制剂、磨砂和硬合金中。原子序数5；原子量10.811；熔点2,300°C；沸点2,550°C；比重（晶体）2.34；化合价3 参见 element〔yttrium〕A silvery metallic element, not a rare earth but occurring in nearly all rare-earth minerals, used in various metallurgical applications, notably to increase the strength of magnesium and aluminum alloys. Atomic number 39; atomic weight 88.905; melting point 1,522°C; boiling point 3,338°C; specific gravity 4.45 (25°C); valence 3. See table at element 钇：一种银色金属元素，不是稀土但几乎存在于所有的稀土物质中，用于各种冶金的运用中，可显著提高镁铝合金的强度。原子序数39；原子量88.905；熔点1,522°C；沸点3,338°C；比重4.45（在25°C时）；化合价3 参见 element〔manganese〕A gray-white or silvery brittle metallic element, occurring in several allotropic forms, found worldwide, especially in the ores pyrolusite and rhodochrosite and in nodules on the ocean floor. It is alloyed with steel to increase strength, hardness, wear resistance, and other properties and with other metals to form highly ferromagnetic materials. Atomic number 25; atomic weight 54.9380; melting point 1,244°C; boiling point 1,962°C; specific gravity 7.21 to 7.44; valence 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7. See table at element 锰：一种呈灰白色或银白色的易脆金属，产生于几种同素异形体中，世界各地均有，尤其盛产于软锰矿、菱锰矿和海底的结核中。它与钢的合金可增加强力、硬度、抗腐蚀力以及其它特性；与其它金属可以合成高铁磁性的材料。原子序数为25；原子量54.9380；熔点1,224°C；沸点1,962°C；比重7.21至7.44；化合价为1,2,3,4,6,7 参见 element〔chlorine〕A highly irritating, greenish-yellow gaseous halogen, capable of combining with nearly all other elements, produced principally by electrolysis of sodium chloride and used widely to purify water, as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, and in the manufacture of many important compounds including chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Atomic number 17; atomic weight 35.45; freezing point -100.98°C; boiling point -34.6°C; specific gravity 1.56 (-33.6°C); valence 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 氯：一种具有很大刺激性的、几乎能与所有其它元素化合黄绿色气体卤素，主要通过电解氯化纳获得，作为一种消毒及漂白剂广泛用于使水净化，以及用在包括三氯甲烷和四氯化碳在内的许多重要化合物的生产过程中。原子序数为17；原子量为35.45；冰点为零下100.98°C；沸点为零下34.6°C；比重为1.56（零下33.6°C）；化合价1，3，5，7 参见 element〔lutetium〕A silvery-white rare-earth element that is exceptionally difficult to separate from the other rare-earth elements, used in nuclear technology. Atomic number 71; atomic weight 174.97; melting point 1,663°C; boiling point 3,395°C; specific gravity 9.840 (at 25°C); valence 3. See table at element 镥：一种很难从其它稀有元素中分离出来的用于核技术的银白色稀有元素。原子序数71；原子重量174.97；熔点1,663°C；沸点3,395°C；比重9.840（温度25°C时）；化合价3 参见 element〔beryllium〕A high-melting, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, rigid, steel-gray metallic element used as an aerospace structural material, as a moderator and reflector in nuclear reactors, and in a copper alloy used for springs, electrical contacts, and nonsparking tools. Atomic number 4; atomic weight 9.0122; melting point 1,278°C; boiling point 2,970°C; specific gravity 1.848; valence 2. See table at element 铍：一种高熔点、质轻、抗腐蚀、坚硬的青灰色金属元素，用作宇宙空间结构材料，如核反应器中的减速剂和反射体，铍铜合金用于制造弹簧、电接触器和无电花工具。原子序数4；原子量9.0122；熔点1,278°C；沸点2,970°C；比重1.848；化合价2 参见 element〔zirconium〕A lustrous, grayish-white, strong, ductile metallic element obtained primarily from zircon and used chiefly in ceramic and refractory compounds, as an alloying agent, and in nuclear reactors as a highly corrosion-resistant alloy. Atomic number 40; atomic weight 91.22; melting point 1,852°C; boiling point 3,578°C; specific gravity 6.56 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4. See table at element 锆：一种有光泽的、坚固的、可伸展的灰白色金属元素，主要从锆石中提炼。作为合金剂在陶器制造和耐火化合物中大量使用，而在核反应器中用作一种高度抗腐蚀合金。原子序数40；原子量91.22；熔点1,852°C；沸点3,578°C；比重6.56（在20°C时）；化合价2,3,4 参见 element〔osmous〕Of, relating to, or containing osmium in a compound with a valence lower than that in a comparable osmic compound.低价锇的：化合物中化合价低于一般锇化合物的锇的、与这种锇有关或含有这种锇的〔octet〕A set of eight valence electrons in an atom or ion, forming a stable configuration.八重态：在一个原子或离子中，形成稳定组态的一组八个化合价电子〔bismuth〕A white, crystalline, brittle, highly diamagnetic metallic element used in alloys to form sharp castings for objects sensitive to high temperatures and in various low-melting alloys for fire-safety devices. Atomic number 83; atomic weight 208.980; melting point 271.3°C; boiling point 1,560°C; specific gravity 9.747; valence 3, 5. See table at element 铋：白色、晶状、易碎、高度抗磁的金属元素，用于高温敏感物体的合金中，以铸成锋利物件，多种用于防火安全设施的低熔点合金。原子序数83；原子量208.980；熔点271.3°C；沸点1560°C；比重9.747；化合价3,5 参见 element〔nitric〕Of, derived from, or containing nitrogen, especially in a valence state higher than that in a comparable nitrous compound.硝酸的：氮的、由氮组成的或含氮的，尤指化合价状态高于其他相似的含氮化合物的〔cerium〕A lustrous, iron-gray, malleable metallic rare-earth element that occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite, exists in four allotropic states, is a constituent of lighter flint alloys, and is used in various metallurgical and nuclear applications. Atomic number 58; atomic weight 140.12; melting point 795°C; boiling point 3,468°C; specific gravity 6.67 to 8.23; valence 3, 4. See table at element 铈：一种有光泽、铁灰色、可延展的金属稀土元素，主要存在于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，以四种同素异形体存在，是轻燧石合金的成分，在冶金和核能工业上有多种应用。原子序数58；原子量140.12；熔点795°C；沸点3,468°C；比重6.67至8.23；化合价3,4 参见 element〔rhenium〕A rare, dense, silvery-white metallic element with a very high melting point used for electrical contacts and with tungsten for high-temperature thermocouples. Atomic number 75; atomic weight 186.2; melting point 3,180°C; boiling point 5,627°C; specific gravity 21.02; valence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. See table at element 铼：一种稀有的不透光银白色金属元素，具有非常高的熔点。用作电气触点，与钨用作高温热电偶。原子序数75；原子重量186.2；熔点3,180°C；沸点5,627°C；比重21.02；化合价1，2，3，4，5，6，7 参见 element〔nitrous〕Of, derived from, or containing nitrogen, especially in a valence state lower than that in a comparable nitric compound.含（三价）氮的：氮的，由氮衍生的或含氮的，尤指在其化合价低于其相应的硝酸化合物的情况下 |
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