| 单词 | 化学 |
| 释义 | 〔chelate〕A chemical compound in the form of a heterocyclic ring, containing a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.螯合物：杂环化学复合物，由一个金属离子与两个或两个以上非金属离子构成配位键〔cure〕To be prepared, preserved, or finished by a chemical or physical process:制备，保存：通过化学或物理方法来制备、保存或润饰：〔that〕The standard rule isthatthat should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or "defining") relative clause, which serves to identify the entity being talked about;in this useit should never be preceded by a comma.Thus, we sayThe house that Jack built has been torn down, where the clausethat Jack built tells which house was torn down, orI am looking for a book that is easy to read, wherethat is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. Onlywhich is to be used with nonrestrictive (or "nondefining") clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context;in this use,which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we sayThe students in Chemistry 10 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that ) is hard to follow. The clausewhich is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if it were omitted,we would know that the phrasethe textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 10. The use ofthat in nonrestrictive clauses like this, though once common in writing and still frequent in speech,is best avoided in formal style. ·Some grammarians have argued that symmetry requires thatwhich should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses, asthat is to be used only in restrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such asI need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the clausewhich will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. Such use ofwhich is useful where two or more relative clauses are joined by and or or, as inIt is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Which is also preferred to introduce a restrictive relative clausewhen the preceding phrase itself contains athat, as inI can only give you that which I don't need (not that that I don't need ) or We want to assign only that book which will be most helpful (preferred tothat book that will be most helpful ). · That may be omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the referent of the phrase preceding the clause. Thus, we may say eitherthe book that I was reading or the book I was reading, where the subject of the clause (I ) is not the referent of the phrase the book. Omission ofthat in these cases has sometimes been described as incorrect, but the practice is extremely common and has ample precedent in reputable writing. ·There have also been occasional objections to the omission ofthat in its use to introduce a subordinate clause, as inI think we should try again. But this usage is entirely idiomatic and is in fact favored with some of the verb phrases that can introduce such clauses:thus, one would more normally write 标准规则中，that 应只被用于引导限定性（或“确定的”）关系从句， 这些从句用于明确正被谈论的实体；在这种情况下，前面决不能有逗号。因此，我们说杰克建的房子已经拆毁了 ， 在这里，从句杰克所建的 指明哪幢房子被拆毁了， 或者我正在找一本易读的书 ， 在这里，易读的 指明哪类书是需要的。 只有which 用于非限定性（或“不确定的”）从句中， 为已经在上下文中定义的实体提供附加信息；在此用法中，which 之前总有逗号。 因此，我们说化学10班的学生一直在抱怨这课本，实在 （不是 that ) 是太难懂了 。 从句which is hard to follow 并不指明哪一课本被抱怨； 即使它被省略，我们也知道the textbook 指化学10班的课本。 That 象这样用于非限定性从句中， 虽然在写作中曾很普遍而且在口语中依然频繁出现，但在正式文体中最好避免使用。一些语法学家认为对称性要求which 应只用于非限定性从句中， 就象that 只用于限定性从句中。 因此，他们建议我们应该避免诸如我需要一本关于城市园艺的书 这样的句子， 这里从句which will tell me all about city gardening 指明需要何种书。 当两个或多个关系从句被and 或 or 连接时， which 的这种用法很有用， 如是哲学使普通人找到慰藉并使许多人有理由去称颂。 Which 也用作引导限定性关系从句，在当前置短语中含有that 时， 如我只能给你我不需要的东西 （不是 that that I don't need )或 我们只想分发那本最用的书 （好于that book that will be most helpful )。 当从句主语与从句前短语所指不一致时，that 在关系从句中可以省略。 因此，我们可以说the book that I was reading 或者 the book I was reading 。 在这里，从句主语(I )和短语 the book 的主语不同。 在这些情况下，that 的省略有时被认为是错误的， 但是这在实际中极普遍而且在规范写作中有充分的先例。对于that 用于引导从句时被省略偶然持有异议， 如在我认为我们应该再试一次 中。 但这种用法完全符合语法而且实际上有一些引导这样从句的短语支持；因此，可以正常应用 〔together〕The cars crashed together. She mixed the chemicals together.汽车撞到了一起。她把那些化学药剂混合在一起〔radiochemistry〕The chemistry of radioactive materials.放射化学：研究放射性物质的化学〔cure〕To prepare, preserve, or finish (a substance) by a chemical or physical process.制备，保存：用化学或物理方法制备、保存或润饰（某物质）〔hydroxide〕A chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group.氢氧化物：含氢氧基化合物的一种化学化合物〔getter〕A material added in small amounts during a chemical or metallurgical process to absorb impurities.吸气剂：以少量加入化学或冶金过程中用来吸收杂质的物质〔disinfectant〕An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.消毒剂，杀菌剂：用高温、辐射或化学药剂来杀死细菌或抑制可引发疾病的微生物的增长，从而达到消毒目的〔substituent〕An atom, a radical, or a group substituted for another in a chemical compound.取代分子：取代化学化合物中一原子、基线原子团的原子、基线原子团〔thermochemistry〕The chemistry of heat and heat-associated chemical phenomena.热化学： 热化学和与热有关的化学现象的化学〔organic〕Free from chemical injections or additives, such as antibiotics or hormones:不用化学物质的：避免如抗生素或荷尔蒙等化学伤害或刺激的：〔potent〕Exerting or capable of exerting strong physiological or chemical effects:有效力的，有效能的：产生或能够产生强烈的生理或化学效力的：〔nucleophile〕A chemical compound or group that is attracted to nuclei and tends to donate or share electrons.亲核试剂：受核吸引并易于转移或共用电子的化学化合物〔stimulant〕An agent, especially a chemical agent such as caffeine, that temporarily arouses or accelerates physiological or organic activity.兴奋剂：一种能暂时刺激或加快人的生理或心理活动的药剂，尤指如咖啡因的化学药剂〔quadrivalent〕Having four valences.四价的：具有四个化学价的〔chemical〕Of or relating to chemistry.化学的：化学的或与化学有关的〔phytochemistry〕The chemistry of plants.植物化学：有关植物的化学〔cementitious〕Of or relating to a chemical precipitate, especially of carbonates, having the characteristics of cement.水泥质的：一种具有水泥特性的化学沉淀物的或与之相关的，尤指碳酸盐〔McMillan〕American physicist and chemist. He shared a 1951 Nobel Prize for the discovery of neptunium (1940).麦克米伦，埃德温·马蒂松：(1907-1991) 美国物理学家、化学家，因发现化学元素镎(1940年）而获得1951年诺贝尔奖〔cytochemistry〕The branch of biochemistry that deals with the study of the chemical composition and activity of cells.细胞化学：生物化学的一个分支，它从事研究这种化学构成成分和细胞活动〔allomerism〕Consistency in crystalline form with variation in chemical composition.异质同形现象，异质同晶现象：晶体形式相同但化学组成不同〔petrochemical〕A chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas.石油化学制品：从石油或天然气中提炼出的化学产品〔discharge〕To remove (color) from cloth, as by chemical bleaching.使褪色，漂白：为织物去色，如通过化学漂白〔Bosch〕German chemist. He shared a 1931 Nobel Prize for the development of methods for high-pressure treatment of chemicals.博希，卡尔：(1874-1940) 德国化学家，因发展了化学高压处理方法而获1931年诺贝尔奖〔stomachic〕An agent, such as a medicine, that strengthens or stimulates the stomach.健胃剂，开胃剂：一种化学药剂，如内服药，能够加强胃功能或促进胃消化〔croquignole〕A permanent wave in which the hair is wound around metal rods from the ends of the hair toward the scalp.化学烫发法：一种将头发从发梢向头皮方向卷曲在金属杆上的永久性烫发〔residue〕Matter remaining after completion of an abstractive chemical or physical process, such as evaporation, combustion, distillation, or filtration; residuum.残渣：在诸如蒸发、燃烧、蒸馏或过滤等抽象的化学或物理变化过程结束后留下来的物质或残渣；残油〔astrochemistry〕The chemistry of stars and interstellar space.天体化学：关于星和星际空间的化学〔compatible〕Capable of forming a chemically or biochemically stable system.稳定的：能够形成化学或生物化学的稳定系统的〔grenade〕A glass container filled with a chemical that is dispersed when the container is thrown and smashed.榴弹：一种装有化学制剂的玻璃容器，它被扔出并摔碎时其化学制剂将散播开〔biochemistry〕The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms; biological chemistry; physiological chemistry.生物化学：对生物中化学物质和生命过程的研究；生物学化学；生理学化学〔Haber〕German chemist. He won a 1918 Nobel Prize for the synthetic production of ammonia.哈伯，弗里兹：(1868-1934) 德国化学家，他因化学合成氨而获1918年诺贝尔奖〔biochemistry〕The chemical composition of a particular living system or biological substance:生物化学成份：某一特定生物体或生物物质的化学成份：〔delouse〕To rid (a person or an animal) of lice by physical or chemical means.除虱，灭虱：用物理或化学方法去掉（人或动物身上的）虱子〔foam〕A thick chemical froth, such as shaving cream or a substance used to fight fires.化学性泡沫：一种如刮脸膏或灭火剂中的浓厚的化学泡沫〔platinoid〕A metal chemically resembling platinum, especially osmium, iridium, or palladium.铂系金属：化学上类似于铂的金属，尤指铖、铱或钯〔process〕To straighten (hair) by a chemical process; conk.使卷发变直：通过化学程序把（卷发）弄直；把卷曲的头发弄直〔decay〕Decompose, largely restricted to the breakdown of substances into their chemical components,also connotes rotting and putrefying, both literally and figuratively: Decompose 主要限于指物质分裂成其化学组成成份，含有腐朽、腐烂的意思，既可以从字面上来理解，也可以从喻意上来理解： 〔Brown〕British-born American chemist. He shared a 1979 Nobel Prize for discoveries in the chemistry of boron and phosphorus.布朗，赫伯特·查尔斯：(生于 1912) 英裔美籍化学家，因发现化学中的硼和磷而获1979年诺贝尔奖 |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。