| 单词 | 化学元素 |
| 释义 | 〔uranium〕The element uranium, whose discovery has been so vital to our nuclear age, owes its name to a preceding scientific discovery, that of the planet Uranus.Sir William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781, named the planetGeorgium sidus, "the Georgian planet,” in honor of George III.Some also called itHerschel, but convention prevailed and the planet came to be calledUranus (the form in Modern Latin and English),the name of a heavenly deity like the rest of the planets.Called Uranus in Latin mythology and Ouranos in Greek,this god of the heavens was chosen because he was the father of Saturn (Greek Cronos), the deity of the planet next in line,who was the father of Jupiter (Greek Zeus), the deity of the next planet.The name of this new planet was then used in the name of a new chemical element,uranium, discovered eight years later by M.H. Klaproth. Klaproth, a German scientist, gave it the Latin nameuranium in honor of the discovery of Uranus. Uranium passed into English shortly thereafter, being first recorded in the third edition of theEncyclopedia Britannica, published in 1797. 元素铀的发现对现今的核子时代是至关重要的。它的名称是据在它之前发现的天王星命名的。威廉·赫歇尔爵士于1781年发现了天王星，并起名为Georgium sidus， “乔治的行星”， 用来纪念乔治三世。有人称之为赫歇尔， 但传统的力量更巨大，最终这颗行星被称之为Uranus （现代拉丁文和英语形式），如用其余的行星一样是用天神的名字命名的。在拉丁神话中被称作优拉纳斯神，而在希腊神话中被作优拉诺斯神，之所以选中这个天神因为他是萨图恩（希腊神话中为克洛诺斯）的父亲，而萨图恩是和他临近的行星；他还是朱庇特（希腊神话中的宙斯）的父亲，而宙斯又是下一颗临近的行星。这颗新行星的名字又用来命名一种新发现的化学元素，铀 是由M.H.克拉普罗特八年后发现的。 克拉普罗特这位德国科学家给予它铀 这种拉丁字母是为了纪念 天王星的发现。 Uranium在这之后不久进入英语， 首次出现于1797年出版的大不列颠百科全书 的第三版中 〔allotrope〕A structurally differentiated form of an element that exhibits allotropy.同素异形体：化学元素的结构分化形式，表现为同素异形现象〔isotope〕Greek topos [place (so called because the isotopes of a chemical element occupy the same position in the periodic table of elements)] 希腊语 topos [位置（这样命名是因为一个化学元素的同位素在元素周期表上占据相同的位置）] 〔Boyle〕Irish-born British physicist and chemist whose precise definitions of chemical elements and reactions began the separation of chemistry from alchemy. In 1662 he formulated Boyle's law.波义耳，罗伯特：(1627-1691) 爱尔兰裔英籍物理学家和化学家，他的化学元素和反应的精确定义将化学开始从冶金术中分离出来。在1662年他提出了波义耳定律〔periodicity〕The tendency of chemical elements with similar positions in the periodic table to have similar properties.周期律：化学元素在周期表中有相似位置时具有相似特性的趋势〔nucleosynthesis〕The process by which heavier chemical elements are synthesized from hydrogen nuclei in the interiors of stars.核合成：较重的化学元素从星球内部的氢核合成的过程 |
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