| 单词 | 化石 |
| 释义 | 〔Eocene〕Of, relating to, or designating the geologic time, rock series, sedimentary deposits, and fossils of the second oldest of the five major epochs of the Tertiary Period, extending from the end of the Paleocene to the beginning of the Oligocene, and characterized by the rise of mammals. See table at geologic time 始新世的：关于或标明第三纪的五个世中第二世的地质时代、岩系段，沉积矿床和化石的，该世由古新世末期到渐新世初期，以哺乳动物的繁盛为特征 参见 geologic time〔paleoclimatology〕The study of climatic conditions, and their causes and effects, in the geologic past, using evidence found in glacial deposits, fossils, and sediments.古气候学：运用包括冰河堆积、化石与沉积物来研究地质过去气候的状态及其成因与影响〔ophitic〕Having a texture composed of lath-shaped plagioclase crystals in a matrix of pyroxene crystals.有斜长石结晶结构的：在嵌有化石水晶基质的晶体中，由条形纹条石组成的结构的〔tetrabranchiate〕Of, relating to, or being a cephalopod of the order Tetrabranchiata, characterized by two pairs of gills and including the chambered nautilus and many fossil species.四腮亚纲的：有关四腮目头足类的，以两对腮为特征，并包括有腔鹦鹉螺和许多化石的种类〔paleomagnetism〕The magnetic field present in fossilized rocks, created by the earth's magnetic field when the rocks were formed.古地磁：存在于化石中的磁性，于岩石生成时受地磁影响而产生〔paleontology〕The study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, as represented by the fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms.古生物学：对出现在史前或地质时代的生命的形成的研究，体现在植物、动物和其它有机体的化石上〔reliquiae〕Latin [remains] * see relic 拉丁语 [化石，废墟] * 参见 relic〔cystine〕[From its discovery in bladder stones] [因在膀胱化石中发现而得名] 〔chalk〕A soft, compact calcite, CaCO3, with varying amounts of silica, quartz, feldspar, or other mineral impurities, generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells. 白垩：一种松软的方解石粉块，CaCO3，含有不等量的硅石、石英、长石或其它矿物杂质，通常为灰白色或黄白色，从贝类化石中制得 〔nautiloid〕A mollusk of the subclass Nautiloidea, which includes the nautiluses and numerous extinct species known only from fossils.鹦鹉螺软体动物：鹦鹉螺目亚纲的一种软体动物，包括鹦鹉螺和不可数计的仅从化石得知的绝迹的种类〔paleobiology〕The branch of paleontology that deals with the fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms.古生物学：古生物学的一支，专门研究植物、动物与其它有机体的化石的〔schist〕from Latin (lapis) schistos [fissile (stone), a kind of iron ore] 源自 拉丁语 (lapis) schistos [化石（石头），一种铁矿] 〔matrix〕The solid matter in which a fossil or crystal is embedded.基质，脉石：嵌有化石或水晶的固体物质〔trilobite〕Any of numerous extinct marine arthropods of the class Trilobita, of the Paleozoic Era, having a segmented body divided by grooves into three vertical lobes and found as fossils throughout the world.三叶虫：多种构成三叶虫纲任一种的已灭绝的海洋节肢动物，身体分节，有带沟将身体一分为三个垂直的叶，在世界各地都发现过其化石〔biostratigraphy〕The study of the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil organisms, often interpolated with radiometric, geochemical, and paleoenvironmental information as a means of dating rock strata.生物地层学：对有机体化石空间及时间分布的研究，常插入显示岩石地层时期方法的辐射探测仪信息、地球化学信息以及古代环境信息〔ichnology〕The branch of paleontology dealing with the study of fossilized footprints, tracks, burrows, or other traces as evidence of the activities of the organisms that produced them.足迹化石学：古生物学的分支，以研究足迹化石、痕迹化石、洞穴化石、或其它有机物所产生活动证据的痕迹〔fucoid〕A fossilized cast or impression of such an organism.墨角藻状海藻化石：岩藻化石的或有此类组织痕迹的〔belemnite〕A cone-shaped, fossilized internal shell of any of an extinct genus of cephalopods related to the cuttlefish.箭石：由灭绝的与乌贼有血亲关系的头足纲动物的内壳形成的尖锥状化石〔paleobiogeography〕The study of the geographic distribution of fossil organisms.史前生物地理学：对有机体化石的地理分布的研究〔Dawson〕Canadian geologist and anti-Darwinist who was an authority on fossils.道森，约翰·威廉：(1820-1899) 加拿大地质学家和反达尔文主义者，是化石方面的权威人士〔kerogen〕A fossilized material in shale and other sedimentary rock that yields oil upon heating.油母岩质：页岩和其他沉积岩中的一种化石材料，加热后产生石油〔reliquiae〕Remains, as of fossil organisms.残留物，如生物化石的残片〔embed〕embed a post in concrete; fossils embedded in shale.把柱子嵌在水泥中；牢牢嵌在页岩中的化石〔Badlands〕A heavily eroded arid region of southwest South Dakota and northwest Nebraska. The Badlands National Monument in South Dakota was established in 1939 to protect the area's colorful rock formations and prehistoric fossils.巴德兰兹：美国南达科他州西南部及内布拉斯加西北部被严重侵蚀的贫瘠干旱的地区。南达科他州的巴德兰兹国家纪念碑建于1939年，以保护这一地区的彩色岩石结构和史前化石〔horizon〕A specific position in a stratigraphic column, such as the location of one or more fossils, that serves to identify the stratum with a particular period.层位：地层柱中的一个特定位置，例如，一种或多种化石的地层位置，这些化石的位置可用于确定其所在地层的年代〔taphonomy〕The study of the conditions and processes by which organisms become fossilized.埋葬学：对有机体变为化石的条件和过程进行的研究〔stalactite〕The wordsstalagmite and stalactite have confused many a person. A look into the history of the Greek sources of these two words may help.Both words can be traced back to the wordstalassein, "to drip,” which is appropriatesince both words denote deposits in caves formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water.The Greek base from whichstalassein was formed was stalak- and to this base were added several endings that concern us,specifically-ma, a noun suffix most frequently denoting the result of an action, -mo-, a suffix denoting the action of a verb as well as a result, and -to-, an adjective suffix forming verbal adjectives. With these suffixes and the addition of the inflectional endings, as well as a sound change from (k) to (g) before (m),we getstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” stalagmos, "dropping, dripping of stalactites,” and stalaktos, "dropping, dripping.” Using these Greek words,Olaus Wormius formed the Modern Latin wordstalactītēs, the stalac- part meaning "dripping" and the-ītēs part being commonly used to name fossils and minerals when preceded by a form expressing a physical characteristic, in this case "dripping.” Wormius also used the termstalagmītēs, the stalag- portion expressing the notion of what drops, taken either fromstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” or stalagmos, "dropping of stalactites.” Stalactītēs and stalagmītēs, of course, are the sources of our English words stalactite (first recorded in 1677), the formation on the tops of caves, and stalagmite (first recorded in 1681), the formation on the bottoms of caves. They have been causing trouble ever since.单词stalagmite 和 stalactite 令许多人混淆。 对这两个词的希腊起源历史进行研究可能会帮助理解。这两个字都能追溯到单词stalassein （“滴下”）， 这是很恰当的，因为两个字都表示洞里由富含矿物的水下滴而形成的沉积。形成stalassein 的希腊根源是 stalak- ， 在这个根源上加上几个与我们有关的词尾，特别是-ma （往往用来表示动作结果的名词后缀）， -mo- （用来表示动词的动作和结果的后缀）和 -to- （形成动词性形容词的形容词后缀）。 通过这些后缀和屈折变化词尾的添加以及在(m)前面由(k)到(g)的变音，我们得到了stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）、 stalagmos “滴，滴下钟乳石”和 stalaktos （“落下，滴下的”）。 利用这些希腊字，奥罗斯·沃米斯组成了现代拉丁单词stalactites ， stalac- 意指“滴”。 而-ites 当由一个表示物理特征的形式开头时，通常用来表示化石和矿物，指“滴下”。 沃米斯也使用stalagmites ， stalag- 表示滴下的东西的概念， 源于stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）或 stalagmos （“滴下的钟乳石”）。 stalacitites 和 stalagmites ，当然是我们的英语单词 stalactite （首次出现于1677年）即洞穴顶部的形成物和 stalagmite （最早记载于1681年）即洞穴底部的形成物的源头。 自那以后它们就常造成一些麻烦〔fossil〕Being or similar to a fossil.类似化石的：化石的，类似化石的〔date〕date a fossil.确定化石的年代〔Marsh〕American paleontologist noted for his study of vertebrate fossils found in the northwestern United States.马什，奥斯尼尔·查尔斯：(1831-1899) 美国古生物学家，因研究美国西北部发现的脊椎动物的化石而著名〔Leidy〕American naturalist and anatomist known for his fossil studies in the western United States.莱迪，约瑟夫：(1823-1891) 美国博物学家和解剖学家。因其在美国西部的化石研究而闻名〔Agassiz〕Swiss-born American naturalist noted for his study of fossil fish and for recognizing from geologic evidence that ice ages had occurred in the Northern Hemisphere.阿加西，（简）路易斯（鲁道夫）：(1807-1873) 瑞士裔美国博物学家，以其对化石鱼的研究及从地质迹象上推断出冰川期曾在北半球发生而著名〔nummulite〕A large, coin-shaped, fossil foraminifer of the genusNummulites, widely distributed in limestone formations from the Eocene Epoch to the Miocene Epoch of the Cenozoic. 货币虫：货币虫 体形大而呈硬币状，化石有孔的虫，从始新世到新生代的中新世广泛分布在石灰岩地层中 〔nannofossil〕A very small fossil organism, especially one of the nannoplankton.微化石：一种非常小的化石生物体，尤指浮游生物之一〔petrifaction〕A process of fossilization in which dissolved minerals replace organic matter.石化作用，化石：溶解的矿物质代替有机物的石化过程〔remains〕Ancient ruins or fossils.古代的残迹或化石〔paleobiochemistry〕The biochemical constituents of fossil organisms.有机生物化石构成的生物化学成分〔Phanerozoic〕Of or relating to the geologic time period from approximately 570 million years ago to the present, comprising the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, and marked by an abundance of fossil evidence of life, especially higher forms, in the corresponding rocks.显生元的：约从5亿7千万年前至今的地质年代的或与其相关的，包含了古生代、中生代与新生代，以其丰富的生物化石著称，尤其是高等生物化石〔homotaxis〕Similarity of stratigraphic arrangement and fossils in noncontemporaneous or widely separated geologic deposits.排列类似：不同时代或相距很远的地质矿床在化石和地层分布上的相似〔fossil〕A remnant or trace of an organism of a past geologic age, such as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and preserved in the earth's crust.化石：埋置并保存于地层中的古生物遗体、遗物和其生活遗址，如骨骸、叶子的印痕等 |
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