| 单词 | 北欧 |
| 释义 | 〔Siegfried〕The warrior hero of theNibelungenlied and other Germanic medieval epics, whose story is essentially that of his Norse prototype Sigurd. 齐格弗里德：尼贝龙根之歌 以及其它中世纪日耳曼民族史诗中的英雄武士，其故事从本质上来说同于北欧神话中的原型西格德 〔Severodvinsk〕A city of northern European U.S.S.R. on an arm of the White Sea west of Arkhangelsk. It is a timber-shipping port. Population, 230,000.斯夫罗德温斯克：苏联北欧部分的城市，位于阿干折斯克白海西部海湾。它是一个木材装运港。人口230,000〔Hel〕The Norse underworld of the dead not killed in battle.冥界：北欧神话中非战死者幽灵所去之处〔sable〕A carnivorous mammal(Martes zibellina) of northern Europe and Asia, having soft dark fur. 紫貂，黑貂：生长于北欧和亚洲的一种食肉哺乳动物（黑貂 黄侯貂属） ，有柔软的暗色毛 〔Mimir〕A Norse giant who lived by the roots of Yggdrasil, where he guarded the well of wisdom.米密尔：居住在乾坤树的根部守卫智慧之泉的北欧巨人〔Gothic〕Of or relating to painting, sculpture, or other art forms prevalent in northern Europe from the 12th through the 15th century.哥特式艺术的：盛行于北欧12世纪到15世纪有关绘画、雕塑和其它艺术形式的〔futhark〕The common Germanic runic alphabet.北欧古字母表：通用的日耳曼语族如尼文字母表〔elkhound〕The Norwegian elkhound.北欧大猎犬：挪威猎犬〔Norn〕Any of the three goddesses of fate in Norse myth.诺恩：北欧神话中命运三女神之一〔reindeer〕Although Saint Nick uses reins on his reindeerand reindeer are used to pull sleds in Lapland and northern Siberia,the wordreindeer has nothing to do with reins. The element-deer is indeed our word deer, but therein- part is borrowed from another language, specifically from the Scandinavian languages spoken by the chiefly Danish and Norwegian invaders and settlers of England from the 9th to the 11th century.Even though the Old Icelandic language in which much of Old Norse literature is written is not the same variety of Old Norse spoken by these settlers of England,it is close enough to give us an idea of the words that were borrowed into English.Thus we can cite the Old Icelandic wordhreinn, which means "reindeer,” as the source of the first part of the English word. The wordreindeer is first recorded in Middle English in a work composed before 1400. 尽管圣诞老人在他的驯鹿身上用缰绳，且驯鹿过去在拉普兰和西伯利亚北部曾被用来拖拉雪撬，reindeer 这个字却和缰绳没有任何关系。 构词元素-deer 确实是我们的单词 deer， 但是rein 这一部分是从其他语言中借用过来的， 特别是主要从丹麦和挪威的入侵者及9世纪到11世纪列英格兰定居者说的斯堪的纳维亚语借用的。尽管许多古代北欧文学都使用的古冰岛语与这些到英格兰定居的人所说的古代北欧语并不是同一变体，但它对于我们认识借进英语的词汇也是足够接近的。这样，我们便可以引用意为“驯鹿”的古冰岛语hreinn 来作为英语单词第一部分的来源。 Reindeer 最早在1400年以前所著的一部作品中以中古英语记录下来 〔Fayetteville〕A city of northwest Arkansas in the Ozark Plateau north-northeast of Fort Smith. The University of Arkansas (established 1871) is here. Population, 42,099.费耶特维尔：美国阿肯色州西北的一个城市，位于史密斯堡东北部偏北欧扎克高原。阿肯色大学（建于1871年）就在该市。人口42,099〔runic〕Runic The Germanic language of the oldest runic inscriptions from northern Europe, dating to between the third and sixth centuriesa.d., and considered by some to be close to or identical with the putative common ancestor of the North and West Germanic languages. Runic 北欧古字碑文：北欧最早古碑文上的日耳曼语，年代在公元 三世纪和六世纪之间，其被某些人认为与北部和西部日耳曼语的推定起源相近或相同 〔kurgan〕A type of tumulus or barrow characteristic of a culture located on the steppes of southern Russia about 5000b.c. and later spreading to the Danube, northern Europe, and northern Iran from around 3500 b.c. （东欧或西伯利亚的）坟头，坟墩：一种古坟或古冢，为公元前 5000年左右俄罗斯南部大草原上的文明所特有的，后来这种文明大约从 公元前 3500年扩展到多瑙河流域、北欧和伊朗北部 〔Asgard〕The heavenly residence of the Norse gods and slain heroes of war.仙宫，诸神居所：北欧诸神和战争中被杀的英雄的仙宫〔redd〕The termsredd and redd up came to the American Midlands from the many Scottish immigrants who settled there. Meaning "to clear an area or to make it tidy,” redd is still used in Scotland and Northern Ireland;in the United States it is especially common in Pennsylvania as the phrasal verbredd up. The term, which goes back to Old Norserydhja, can be traced from the 15th century to the present, particularly in dialects of Scotland and the North of England.词语redd 和 redd up 通过许多苏格兰移民传到了他们的定居地-北美中部地区。 意为“清理出一块区域或使干净”， redd 仍用于苏格兰和北爱尔兰；在美国动词词组redd up 尤其在宾夕法尼亚州常见。 这个词可以追溯到北欧语rydhja， 其发展从15世纪一直延续到现在， 尤其在苏格兰和英格兰北部的方言中使用〔flamenco〕The origin of the wordflamenco is to be sought variously in the realms of ornithology and northern Europe. Spanish contains two homographs spelledflamenco, one of which means "Flemish, Andalusian Gypsy,”and the other, "flamingo.” Flamenco in the former sense comes from the Middle Dutch wordVlāming, meaning "Fleming.” Flamenco, "flamingo,” comes ultimately from Latinflamma, "flame,” referring to the fiery red plumage of the bird.Is the dance named for its flamingolike fieriness or its Flemishness?It would seem that some kind of association between Gypsies and people of Flemish extraction explains the use offlamenco, "Fleming, Andalusian Gypsy,” as the name of a dance originally associated with the Andalusian Gypsies.The English wordflamenco, borrowed from Spanish, is first recorded in 1896.Flamenco 一词的词源可以在鸟类学和北欧的领域中大量找到。 西班牙语中有两个拼写为flamenco 的同形异义词， 其中的一个意义为“佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人，”另一个意义为“红鹤”。 Flamenco 原有的意义来源于中古荷兰语Vlaming， 意思是“佛兰芒人。” Flamenco 作“红鹤”意思讲时，最初是来自拉丁语的flamma， 意为“火焰，” 指这种鸟火红的羽毛。这种舞的命名是由于它象红鹤般的猛烈呢，还是由于它与佛兰芒人有关?吉普赛人与佛兰芒血统的人之间的某种联系似乎解释了flamenco “佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人”的这种用法， 即作为最初与安达鲁西亚吉普赛人有关的一种舞的名称。源于西班牙语借用而来的英语词flamenco， 最早记载于1896年〔Yggdrasil〕The great ash tree that holds together earth, heaven, and hell by its roots and branches in Norse mythology.乾坤树：北欧神话中以其根部和枝干聚拢土地、天堂和地狱的大桉树〔Scandinavia〕A region of northern Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Finland, Iceland, and the Faeroe Islands are often included in the region.斯堪的纳维亚：北欧一地区，包括挪威、瑞典和丹麦，通常芬兰、冰岛和法罗群岛也包括在这一地区内〔roach〕A freshwater fish(Rutilus rutilus) of northern Europe. 斜齿鳊：产于北欧的一种淡水鱼（斜齿鳊） 〔thorn〕The runic letter þ originally representing either sound of the Modern Englishth, as in the and thin, used in Old English and Middle English manuscripts. 古字母P：北欧古文字母þ，最初代表用于古英语和中世纪英语的文稿中的the 及 thin 中的 th 〔Nordic〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of Scandinavia or its peoples, languages, or cultures.北欧的：与斯堪的纳维亚或其民族，语言或文化有关或有其特点的〔Ashkenazi〕A member of the branch of European Jews, historically Yiddish-speaking, who settled in central and northern Europe.德裔犹太人：欧洲犹太人一支中的一员，历史上定居于中欧与北欧讲意第绪语的人〔Cossack〕A member of a people of southern European Russia and adjacent parts of Asia, noted as cavalrymen especially during czarist times.哥萨克人：北欧部分的俄罗斯和亚洲交界处的一种人，以其骑兵，尤其是沙皇时代的骑兵著称〔Hel〕The Norse goddess of death and the underworld; the daughter of Loki.赫尔：北欧神话中的死亡女神和冥界女王；洛基的女儿〔Friesland〕A region of northern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt and Weser rivers. The Frisians, a Germanic people, were conquered by the Franks in the eighth century. A portion of the area is now a province of the northern Netherlands.弗里斯兰：北海岸边、威悉河与斯海尔德河之间的北欧地区。8世纪弗里西亚人征服了居住在此的日耳曼人的一支弗兰西斯人。此地区的一部分现为荷兰北部的一个省 |
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