| 单词 | 半导体 |
| 释义 | 〔selenium〕A nonmetallic element, red in powder form, black in vitreous form, and metallic gray in crystalline form, resembling sulfur and obtained primarily as a byproduct of electrolytic copper refining. It is widely used in rectifiers, as a semiconductor, and in xerography. Its photovoltaic and photoconductive actions make it useful in photocells, photographic exposure meters, and solar cells. Atomic number 34; atomic weight 78.96; melting point (of gray selenium) 217°C; boiling point (gray) 684.9°C; specific gravity (gray) 4.79; (vitreous) 4.28; valence 2, 4, or 6. See table at element 硒：一种非金属元素，粉末状时呈红色，玻璃状时呈黑色，结晶状时呈金属般的灰色，与硫类似，通常作为副产品在电解法冶炼铜时获得。广泛地用于整流器（如半导体）和静电复印术中。其光电压的和光电导的效应使它可在光电池、照相曝光表和太阳能电池中发挥作用。原子序数34；原子量78.96；（灰色硒的）熔点217°C；沸点（灰色硒的）684.9°C；（灰色硒的）比重4.79；（玻璃状的硒）比重4.28；化合价2,4或6 参见 element〔galvanomagnetic〕Of or relating to the generation of an electric field by a magnetic field in semiconductors and metals.电磁的：属于或关于在半导体和金属中由磁场产生电场的〔LED〕A semiconductor diode that converts applied voltage to light and is used in digital displays, as of a calculator.发光二极管：一种半导体二极管，可将实用电压转变成亮光，用于数字显示，如计算器〔magnetoresistance〕A change in electrical resistance of a conductor or semiconductor when a magnetic field is applied.磁致电阻：当磁场产生作用时导体或半导体的电阻变化〔electrode〕A collector or emitter of electric charge or of electric-charge carriers, as in a semiconducting device.电极：电荷或带电荷载流子的收集体或发送体，如在一半导体装置中的〔electronic〕Of, relating to, based on, operated by, or otherwise involving the controlled conduction of electrons or other charge carriers, especially in a vacuum, gas, or semiconducting material.电传导的：电子或其它载流子的受控传导的，关于这种传导的，建立于此种传导之上的，以这种传导操作的或涉及这种传导的，尤指在空间，气体或半导体材料中的〔thermistor〕A resistor made of semiconductors having resistance that varies rapidly and predictably with temperature.热敏电阻：半导体制成的电阻，随温度可迅速变化，并可预测〔varactor〕A semiconductor device in which the capacitance is sensitive to the applied voltage at the boundary of the semiconductor material and an insulator.变容二极管，可变电抗器：一种半导体装置，其中电容对应用在半导体材料和绝缘体边界线处的电压很敏感〔carrier〕A charge-carrying entity, especially an electron or a hole in a semiconductor.带电体：带电体，尤指一个半导体中的电子或孔穴〔silicon〕A nonmetallic element occurring extensively in the earth's crust in silica and silicates, having both an amorphous and a crystalline allotrope, and used doped or in combination with other materials in glass, semiconducting devices, concrete, brick, refractories, pottery, and silicones. Atomic number 14; atomic weight 28.086; melting point 1,410°C; boiling point 2,355°C; specific gravity 2.33; valence 4. See table at element 硅：一种非金属元素，广泛存在于地壳的硅酸盐和硅石中，有非晶体和晶体的同素异形体，与其它材料掺杂或结合，用于制造玻璃、半导体材料、混凝土、砖、耐火材料、陶瓷和矽氧烷。原子序数14；原子量28.086；熔点1,410°C；沸点2,355°C；比重2.33；化合价4 参见 element〔junction〕The interface between two different semiconductor regions in a semiconductor device.接口：半导体装置里两个不同的半导体区之间的接合部〔excitonics〕The study of excitons and their behavior in semiconductors and dielectrics.激子学：研究半导体和电介质中的激子及其行为的一个学科〔dopant〕A substance, such as boron, added in small amounts to a pure semiconductor material to alter its conductive properties for use in transistors and diodes.掺杂质，掺质剂：加入纯半导体材料中的少量硼等物质，用于晶体管和二极管中以改变半导体的导电率〔passivate〕To coat (a semiconductor, for example) with an oxide layer to protect against contamination and increase electrical stability.使钝化：在（半导体等）上覆盖氧化层以保护其免受腐蚀和增加电子稳定性〔transistor〕A small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts, used in a circuit as an amplifier, a detector, or a switch.晶体管：一种小型电子装置，包含一个半导体和至少三个电接头并构成一个电路，用作扩音器、检波器或开关〔germanium〕A brittle, crystalline, gray-white metalloid element, widely used as a semiconductor, as an alloying agent and catalyst, and in certain optical glasses. Atomic number 32; atomic weight 72.59; melting point 937.4°C; boiling point 2,830°C; specific gravity 5.323 (at 25°C); valence 2, 4. See table at element 锗：一种银白色的脆而透明的金属元素，被广泛用作半导体，可作一种合成剂和催化剂，还被用在光学玻璃中。原子序数32；原子量72.59；熔点937.4°C；沸点2,830°C；比重5.323（在25°C时）；化合价2，4 参见 element〔semiconductor〕Any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.半导体：一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体〔antimony〕A metallic element having four allotropic forms, the most common of which is a hard, extremely brittle, lustrous, silver-white, crystalline material. It is used in a wide variety of alloys, especially with lead in battery plates, and in the manufacture of flame-proofing compounds, paint, semiconductor devices, and ceramic products. Atomic number 51; atomic weight 121.75; melting point 630.5°C; boiling point 1,380°C; specific gravity 6.691; valence 3, 5. See table at element 锑：一种金属元素，有四个同素异形体，最常见的是一种硬而脆的银白色发光晶体物质。锑普遍用于各种合金，特别是和铅一起用于电池极板，制造防火合成物、油漆、半导体装置和陶瓷制品。原子序数为51；原子量为121.75；熔点为630.5°C；沸点1,380°C；比重为6.691；化合价为3,5 参见 element〔MOS〕Metal-oxide semiconductor.金属氧化物半导体 |
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