| 单词 | 单数动词 |
| 释义 | 〔morphophonemics〕(used with a sing. verb)The study of the morphophonemics of a language.（与单数动词连用）对一种语言中语态音位学的研究〔metaphysics〕(used with a sing. verb)A priori speculation upon questions that are unanswerable to scientific observation, analysis, or experiment.（与单数动词连用）推理：对于通过科学观察、分析或实验无法解决的问题进行的高深莫测的推理〔dialectic〕dialectics (used with a sing. verb)A method of argument or exposition that systematically weighs contradictory facts or ideas with a view to the resolution of their real or apparent contradictions. dialectics （与单数动词连用）辩证法：为了解决实在或外观矛盾，系统地权衡矛盾事实或理念的争论或展示方法〔data〕But whiledata comes from a Latin plural form, the practice of treatingdata as a plural in English often does not correspond to its meaning, given an understanding of what counts as data in modern research.We know, for example, what "data on the homeless" would consist of—surveys, case histories, statistical analyses, and so forth—but it would be a vain exercise to try to sort all of these out into sets of individual facts,each of them a "datum" on the homeless. (Does a case history count as a single datum,or as a collection of them?Is a correlation between rates of homelessness and unemployment itself a datum, or is it an abstraction over a number of data?)Since scientists and researchers think of data as a singular mass entity like information,it is entirely natural that they should have come to talk about it as such and that others should defer to their practice.Sixty percent of the Usage Panel accepts the use ofdata with a singular verb and pronoun in the sentenceOnce the data is in, we can begin to analyze it. A still larger number, 77 percent, accepts the sentence 但是当data 来源于一拉丁复数形式， 在英语中把data 当作复数来对待的运用常常和它的意义不相符合， 给了我们在现代研究中算作数据事物的一种理解。例如，我们知道，“无家可归人的资料”将由调查、个人历史，数据分析等等构成——但是试着把这些都分类到一套个人事实将会是一次无用的尝试，他们中的每一个都为无家可归人的资料。 （个人历史是算作一个简单的资料，还是作为其中的一个收集?无家可归人的比率和失业之间的联系是一个资料，还是一系列资料中的一个提取？）既然科学家和研究工作者认为资料和信息一样是一个单一的团体，他们就应该这样地来谈论它并且其他的人应当服丛他们的说法，这是完全自然的，百分之六十的用法专题使用小组成员接受把data 和单数动词和代词连用， 如在句子一旦资料来了，我们就能开始分析了 中， 更大的比例，即百分之七十七的成员接受了句子 〔Hesperides〕(used with a sing. verb)A garden, situated at the western end of the earth, in which golden apples grow.（与单数动词连用）西方极乐群岛：位于地球的西边，长有金苹果的花园〔statistics〕(used with a sing. verb)The mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling.（与单数动词连用）统计学：搜集、组织、解释数字数语的数字，尤指用样本分析总体的特征者〔waterworks〕(used with a sing. verb)A single unit, such as a pumping station, within such a system.（与单数动词连用）此系统中的单独单位，如抽水站〔duckpin〕duckpins (used with a sing. verb)A bowling game played with such pins and a small ball. duckpins （与单数动词连用）鸭柱球：用鸭柱与一小球合玩的滚木球游戏〔none〕It is widely asserted thatnone is equivalent to no one, and hence requires a singular verb and singular pronoun: 较普遍的认为是none 相当于 no one， 因此要求一个单数动词和单数代词与之相对应： 〔checker〕checkers (used with a sing. verb)A game played on a checkerboard by two players, each using 12 pieces. checkers （与单数动词连用）西洋跳棋或象棋：两个人参加的在方格棋盘上的游戏，每人用12颗棋子〔tinwork〕tinworks (used with a sing. verb)A place where tin is smelted and rolled. tinworks （与单数动词连用）锡被熔炼碾压的地方〔series〕Series is both a singular and a plural form. When it has the singular sense of "one set,”it takes a singular verb, even whenseries is followed by of and a plural noun: Series 既是单数形式又是复数形式。 当它具有“一套”的单数意思时，它使用单数动词，即使当series 紧接着 of 和一个复数名词时也是如此： 〔spirit〕Often spirits (used with a sing. verb)An alcohol solution of an essential or volatile substance. 常作 spirits （与单数动词连用）烈酒，醇酒：含香精物质或易挥发物质的酒精溶液〔spillikin〕spillikins (used with a sing. verb)The game of jackstraws. spillikins （与单数动词连用）挑棒游戏〔cryptanalysis〕Also crypt.an.a.lyt.ics [krĭp'tăn-ə-lĭtʹĭks] (used with a sing. verb)The study of techniques for deciphering cryptographic writings or systems. 也作 crypt.an.a.lyt.ics [krĭp'tăn-ə-lĭtʹĭks] （与单数动词连用）密码学：研究译解密码书写或密码系统技巧的学科〔candlepin〕Also candlepins (used with a sing. verb)A bowling game using slender pins and a ball smaller than that used in tenpins. 也作 candlepins （与单数动词连用）烛柱木球戏：一种保龄球游戏，使用细长的球柱和小于保龄球游戏中所用的球〔rounder〕rounders (used with a sing. verb)An English ball game similar to baseball. rounders （与单数动词连用）跑注式棒球：类似棒球的一种英式球赛〔aesthetics〕(used with a sing. verb)The study of the psychological responses to beauty and artistic experiences.（与单数动词连用）美学：对美及艺术经历之心理反应的研究〔manes〕(used with a sing. verb)The revered spirit of one who has died.（与单数动词连用）死者灵魂：死者依然存留的魂灵〔Americana〕(used with a sing. verb)The culture of America:（与单数动词连用）美国文化，美洲文化：〔waterworks〕(used with a sing. verb)An exhibition of moving water, such as a fountain or cascade.（与单数动词连用）流动的水之展示，如喷泉或瀑布〔saturnalia〕(used with a sing. verb)A celebration marked by unrestrained revelry and often licentiousness; an orgy.（与单数动词连用）狂欢庆祝：一种以无节制的狂欢和放浪为特征的祭神仪式；狂欢〔government〕In American usagegovernment always takes a singular verb. In British usagegovernment, in the sense of a governing group of officials, is usually construed as a plural collectiveand therefore takes a plural verb: 在美国用法中，government 总是跟单数动词。 在英国用法里，当government 作统治团体解释时， 通常被定义成集合名词的复数，因此后面跟复数动词： 〔dynamics〕(used with a sing. verb)The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself. Also called kinetics （与单数动词连用）动力学：机械学的分支，有关各种力量在运动体或运动体系统上的作用，尤指非系统本身产生的力 也作 kinetics〔ethic〕ethics (used with a sing. verb)The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; moral philosophy. ethics （与单数动词连用）伦理学，道德学：研究人所决定的道德选择和道德普遍本质的学科；道德学〔dynamics〕(used with a sing. verb)Psychodynamics.（与单数动词连用）精神动力学〔biomechanics〕(used with a sing. verb)The study of the mechanics of a living body, especially of the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on the skeletal structure.（与单数动词连用）生物力学：有关生物体的力学研究，尤指肌肉和重力施加于骨架结构的力〔crossroad〕crossroads (used with a sing. verb) crossroads （与单数动词连用）〔Shiah〕(used with a sing. verb)A Shiite.（与单数动词连用）什叶派教徒〔what〕Whenwhat is the subject of a clause, it may be construed as singular or plural, depending on the sense.It is singular when taken as the equivalent ofthat which or the thing which, as inI see what seems to be a dead tree; and it is plural when it is taken as the equivalent ofthose which or the things which, as inHe sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness. ? When awhat clause is itself the subject of a sentence, it may be construed as singular or plural,but the conditions governing this choice are somewhat more complicated.In general, awhat clause will be taken as a plural when the clause contains an explicit indication of its own plurality. There are two principal cases.First, the clause is plural ifwhat is the subject of the clause and the verb of the clause is itself plural: What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road. What most surprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article. If the verb in thewhat clause does not anticipate the plural sense of the predicate in this way, a singular verb is generally used in the main clause as well,though the plural is sometimes found:What truly commands respect is (sometimes are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy. Second, thewhat clause is treated as plural when its predicate contains a plural noun phrase that unambiguously establishes the plurality of the clause as a whole, as inWhat traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists. What the Romans established as military outposts were later to become important trading centers. In the absence of explicit plural marking of either of these types in a subjectwhat clause, the clause is usually treated as singular for the purposes of agreement, regardless of the sense:What she held in her lap was four kittens. What the apparent diamonds turned out to be was paste. In some cases, however, a clause withwhat as the subject may be treated as singular or plural, depending on a subtle distinction of sense. InWhat excite him most are money and power, the implication is that money and power are distinct elements; inWhat excites him most is money and power, the implication is that money and power are taken as constituting a single entity.See Usage Note at which 当what 作为从句中的主语时， 它既可被当作单数也可以为复数，这取决于词义。当被看作是that which 或 the thing which 时它就是单数， 如在I see what seems to be a dead tree（我看到个象棵死树的物体）” 这句话中； 当它被用作those which 或 the things which 的对应词时它是复数， 如在He sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness（他有时做一些似乎很超然的手势） 中。 当what 从句本身是句子的主语时， 它可被当作单数或复数，但决定这种选择的条件略为复杂些。总体上说，what 从句的含有对其数性明确指示时，它就可以将当作复数。 这有两种最主要的情况：首先，如果what 是从句的主语而该从句的谓语动词本身是复数，从句就是复数： What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road.（象两棵死树的物体挡着路）； What mostsurprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article.（最令我吃惊的是他文章结尾处的煽动性言词） 。 如果what 从句的谓语动词并不预示谓语是复数， 主句中通常也用单数动词，尽管有时也可以发现有复数：What truly commands respect is（有时 are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy（真正博得尊敬的是强大的海军和坚定的外交政策） ； 其次what 从句在其谓语含有复数名词短语，并且其明显可建立整个从句的复数性时是被当作复数的， 如在What traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists.（那些传统语法家所称为“谓语”的则被现代语言学家称作“动词短语”） What the Romans established as military outpostswere later to become important trading centers.（那些罗马人设为军事前哨基地的地方后来成为了重要的贸易中心）。 当what 从句主语缺乏这两类明确表示复数性的标记时， 从句通常为了一致性而不顾及词义地被当作单数：What she held in her lap was four kittens.（她抱在膝盖上的是四只小猫）。 What the apparent diamonds turned out to bewas paste.（那些看上去象真的钻石结果却是人造宝石） 。 然而，在一些情况下，以what 作主语的从句可被当单数或复数，取决于语义上微妙的差异。 在What excite him most are money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是不同的成分； 在What excites him most is money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是作为构成一个单一整体的成分 参见 which〔gymnastics〕(used with a sing. verb)The art or practice of such exercises.（与单数动词连用）体操技巧：体操训练的艺术或实践〔heuristic〕heuristics (used with a sing. verb)The study and application of heuristic methods and processes. heuristics （与单数动词连用）探试学：探试性方法及程序的研究和应用〔harmonic〕harmonics (used with a sing. verb)The theory or study of the physical properties and characteristics of musical sound. harmonics （与单数动词连用）和声学：乐声物理性质的理论或研究〔there〕Nonetheless, it is common in speech for the contractionthere's to be used when technically a plural verb is called for, as inThere's a couple of good reasons for going. There is also a tendency to use a singular verb when the phrase with which the verb must agree is a conjunction in which the subject closest to the verb is singular: 然而，当技术上要求用复数动词时，口语中常用缩写there's ， 如在有两个要去的好理由 中。 当作为连接词的短语中最接近动词的主语为单数时，且短语必须与动词保持一致，也有用单数动词的趋势： 〔steelwork〕steelworks (used with a sing. verb)A plant where steel is made; a foundry. steelworks （与单数动词连用）钢厂；铸造厂〔jackstone〕jackstones (used with a sing. verb)The game of jacks. jackstones （与单数动词连用）抛接子游戏〔calisthenics〕(used with a sing. verb)The practice or art of such exercises:（与单数动词连用）健美操：这种运动的练习或艺术：〔aesthetics〕(used with a sing. verb)（与单数动词连用）〔diagnostic〕Often diagnostics (used with a sing. verb)The art or practice of medical diagnosis. 常作 diagnostics （与单数动词连用）诊断：医学诊断行为或实践〔bone〕Bones (used with a sing. verb)The end man in a minstrel show. Bones （与单数动词连用）压轴：巡游演出中的最后艺人 |
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