| 单词 | 南方 |
| 释义 | 〔Abernathy〕American civil rights leader who was a founder and president (1968-1977) of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.艾伯纳西，拉尔夫·戴维：(1926-1990) 美国人权运动领导人，是南方基督教领袖会议的创始人和主席（1968-1977年）〔southron〕variant of southerne [southern] * see southern southerne的变体 [南方的] * 参见 southern〔fair〕American folk speech puts Standard English to shame in its wealth of words for describing weather conditions.When the weather goes from fair to cloudy,New Englanders say that it's "breedin' up a storm" (Maine informant in theLinguistic Atlas of New England ). If the weather is clear, however,a New Englander might call itopen. Southernfair off and fair up, meaning "to become clear,” were originally Northeastern terms and were brought to the South as settlement expanded southward and westward.They are now "regionalized to the South,” according to Craig M. Carver, author ofAmerican Regional Dialects. These phrases may be the origin of modern and less regional coinings,such asmild up, used on a television weather forecast: "The Southwest is beginning to mild up just a tad.”美国方言对天气状况的描写因其应有尽有的单词使标准英语黯然失色。当天气由晴转多云时，新英格兰人会说“孕育着一场暴风雨”（新英格兰语言学图册 的缅因消息提供者）。 但如果天气是无云的，新英格兰人也许会说open。 南部的fair off 和 fair up 所表示的放晴， 起源于东北部词语，后被带到南部成为固定用法并向南向西流传。根据克雷格M·卡弗尔，美国地区方言 的作者所说，它们如今已“被南方地区化了”。 这些词组或许正是现代不再具地区性的词句的起源，例如mild up， 用于电视天气预报： “西南将变得暖和一点”〔vum〕A New Englander expressing surprise is liable to say,"Well, I vum!” This odd-sounding word is in fact an alteration of the verbvow that goes back to the days of the American Revolution.It is also heard simply as"Vum!” or as a sort of past participle: "I'll be vummed!” A southern equivalent isswanny, also meaning "swear": Now, I swanny! According to theOxford English Dictionary, the word swanny derives from the dialect of the North of England: Is' wan ye, "I shall warrant ye.” 一个新英格兰人表示惊讶时会说“嗯，我发誓!” 这个听起来有些古老的词实际上是vow 这个动词的变体， 它可以上溯到美国独立战争时期。也可以仅用"Vum!"（“发誓!”） 或作为过去分词： "I'll be vummed!"（“我可以发誓!”） 南方相同的词是Swanny， 也是“发誓”的意思： Now, I swanny!（现在，我起誓!） 按照牛津英语字典， swanny 一词由北英格兰方言派生而来： Is' wan ye， “我向你保证” 〔southward〕Toward, to, or in the south.南方的：朝向、向或位于南方的〔Woodward〕American historian whose works includeOrigins of the New South (1951) and The Strange Career of Jim Crow (1955). 伍德沃德，库（姆）·范：(生于 1908) 美国历史学家，其作品包括《新南方的起源》 （1951年）和 《吉姆·克劳的奇异事业》 （1955年） 〔number〕The South had leaders, the North numbers.南方有领导上的优势，北方有数量上的优势〔monsoon〕A wind from the southwest or south that brings heavy rainfall to southern Asia in the summer.夏季季风：夏季从西南或南方吹来的并能给亚洲南部带来大量降雨的风〔Smalls〕American Union soldier and politician. After being forced to serve in the Confederate Navy, he took command of a ship and delivered it to Union forces. Smalls subsequently became a captain (1863-1866) and the highest-ranking Black officer in the Union Navy. He later served as a U.S. representative from South Carolina (1875-1879 and 1881-1887).斯默思，罗伯特：(1839-1915) 美国北方联邦战士和政治家。在被迫参加南方邦联海军后，指挥了一条船并把它交给北方联邦军队。斯默思后来成为一名上尉(1863-1866年）和北方联邦海军中职位最高的黑人军官。他后来成为南卡罗来纳州的代表进入众议院(1875-1879和1881-1887年）〔born〕Irish-born; Southern born and bred; Boston-born.爱尔兰裔的；南方生养大的；波士顿裔的〔meridional〕from Old French meridionel [southern] 源自 古法语 meridionel [南方的] 〔complected〕Complected has a long history in American folk speech, showing up, for example, in 1806 in the journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: “[The Indians] are . . . reather lighter complected . . . than the Indians of the Missouri" (Meriwether Lewis).Complected has long been treated as a dialectal term in dictionaries, but it actually should be regarded as informal Standard English,since its wide distribution (including New England, the Midwest, the South, and elsewhere)disqualifies it as a true regionalism.Its use by one western Texas informant quoted inDARE extends its semantic domain beyond skin color to general appearance: "a fat-complected man.” Complected 在美国民间传说中有一段很长的历史， 例如，1806年，在路易斯和克拉克的探险旅行中： “ …相对密苏里印第安人的脸色白皙一些” （玛丽维瑟尔·路易斯）。Complected 这个词长期以来在字典中一直被当作方言看待， 但是它实际上应该算作非正式标准英语，它的使用是如此广泛(包括新英格兰、中西部、南方和其它地区），所以它不是地区性的。据一位得克萨斯州西部的提供消息者在DARE 中所引用的用法已延伸了其语义上的范围，即从专指肤色到指整体形象： “一个肥胖男人” 〔Wade〕American politician who served as a U.S. senator from Ohio (1851-1869) and jointly authored the Wade-Davis Manifesto (1864), which declared the primacy of Congress in matters of the Reconstruction.韦德，本杰明·富兰克林：(1800-1878) 美国政治家，曾任美国俄亥俄州参议员(1851-1869年），并参与起草韦德-戴维斯宣言(1864年），主张南方的重建问题而与国会冲突〔Brown〕American abolitionist. In 1859 Brown and 21 followers captured the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry as part of an effort to liberate Southern slaves. His group was defeated, and Brown was hanged after a trial in which he won sympathy as an abolitionist martyr.布朗，约翰：(1800-1859) 美国废奴主义者。1859年他与21名跟随者在哈珀斯渡口占领了美国军火库，为解放南方奴隶作出了努力。他的集团失败后，布朗在审判后被判处绞刑，因此他作为废奴运动中的烈士而赢得同情〔Richmond〕The capital of Virginia, in the east-central part of the state on the James River north of Petersburg. Settled in the 17th century, it became the capital of Virginia in 1779 and was strategically important in the American Revolution and the Civil War, during which it was the capital of the Confederacy. The evacuation of Richmond by Confederate troops on April 3, 1865, led to Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on April 9. Population, 203,056.里士满：弗吉尼亚州首府，位于该州的中东部，彼得斯堡以北的詹姆斯河畔。建于17世纪，1779年成为弗吉尼亚首府，在美国革命及国内战争中具有战略重要性，内战中它是南方联邦的首都。1865年4月3日南联邦军队从里士满的撤退导致了4月9日罗伯特E·李将军向尤利塞斯S·格兰特将军的投降。人口203,056〔Lincoln〕First Lady of the United States (1861-1865) as the wife of President Abraham Lincoln. Born in the South, she was criticized during the Civil War for allegedly having Confederate sympathies.林肯，玛丽·托德：(1818-1882) 亚伯拉罕·林肯的妻子，美利坚合众国（1861-1865年）的第一夫人，出生于南方，在内战期间因 被传对南部邦联持有同情而受舆论批评〔Ossetia〕A region of the central Caucasus in southern European U.S.S.R. The area was annexed by Russia between 1801 and 1806 and is now split into an autonomous republic in the north and an autonomous oblast in the south.奥塞梯：苏联欧洲部分南部、高加索中部一地区。此地区于1801-1806年间被俄国兼并，现已分裂，在北方为一个自治共和国，在南方则为一个自治州〔yonder〕The adverbyonder, from Old English geond, is not exclusively Southern but is more frequently used there than in any other region of the United States,and not only by older or uneducated speakers.Yonder is not merely a Southern synonym for there, which in the South tends to mean "only a few feet from the speaker.”Yonder carries with it an inherent sense of distance farther than "there" and is used if the person or thing indicated can be seen at all: the shed over yonder. Or it might be nearby but completely out of sight, as in the next room.副词yonder ，来自古英语的 geond， 并不是南方专用的，但是比美国任何其它地区都更常用，而且也不仅仅是老人或未受教育者才用它。在南方yonder 并不仅仅是 there 的同义词， 它还表示“距说话者仅几英尺开外”。Yonder 带有比"there"距离更远这一内在的含义， 并用于表示所示的人或事在视线以内： 那边的窝棚 ，或者极为相近但完全在视线以外，如在另一个房间内〔meridional〕Of or characteristic of southern areas or people.南方地区的或南方居民的；南方地区或南方居民特有的〔SCLC〕Southern Christian Leadership Conference.南方基督教领袖会议〔Southernism〕A trait, an attitude, or a practice characteristic of the South or southerners, especially in the United States.南方特点：南方或南方人特有的性格、态度或习俗，尤指美国南方〔gray〕A member of the Confederate Army in the Civil War.邦联士兵：美国内战中南方联盟军队的士兵〔meridional〕from Latin merīdiānus [of midday, southern] * see meridian 源自 拉丁语 merīdiānus [正午的，南方的] * 参见 meridian〔Hampton〕An independent city of southeast Virginia opposite Norfolk onHampton Roads, the outlet of three rivers into Chesapeake Bay. Settled by colonists from Jamestown in 1610, the city was sacked by the British in the War of 1812 and was almost burned to the ground by Confederates in 1861 to prevent its occupation by Union troops. Population, 133,793. 汉普顿：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的一个独立城市，隔汉普顿大道 与诺福克相望，在那儿有三条河相汇并注入切萨皮克湾。该市于1610 年为詹姆斯敦的殖民者所建，在1812年战争中被英军洗劫，并在1861年几乎被南方联邦军队烧为平地，以免落入北方军队之手。人口133,793 〔oppose〕"Neither the southern provinces, nor Sicily, could have withstood his power" (Henry Hallam).Tocontest is to call something into question and take an active stand against it: “南方各省和新丁里都没能顶得住他的强大势力” （亨利·汉姆）。Contest 是指对某事物提出疑问， 并用采取积极的行动反对这个观点： 〔Green〕American playwright noted for his dramas portraying Southern life, such asIn Abraham's Bosom (1926), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 格林，保罗·埃利奥特：(1894-1981) 美国戏剧家，以其描写南方生活的戏剧闻名，如《在亚伯拉罕的胸中》 （1926年）。他也因此获普利策奖 〔Chickamauga〕A city of extreme northwest Georgia south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Confederate troops led by Braxton Bragg defeated Union forces here on September 19-20, 1863. Population, 2,232.奇克莫加：美国乔治亚州最西北端的城市，位于田纳西州的查塔努加以南。1963年9月19至20日布拉克斯顿·布雷格率领的南方联盟军在此打败了北方联邦军。人口2,232〔south〕The southern part of a region or country.南方：某地区或国家的南部地区〔Tunis〕A former Barbary state on the northern coast of Africa south and west of the ancient city of Carthage. It was conquered by the Turks in 1575 and later became a French protectorate (1881).突尼斯：曾是巴巴里诸国之一，位于非洲北部海岸，古城迦太基的西方与南方，1575年被土耳其人征服，后来成为法国的保护国(1881年）〔southerner〕A native or inhabitant of the south, especially the southern United States.南方人：南方本地人或居住在南方的人，尤指美国南方人〔birth〕Until recently, the use ofbirth as a verb meaning "to bear (a child)” has been confined to Southern speech: "Heap o' good it do a woman to birth a mess o' young uns and raise 'em and then have 'em all go off to oncet" (Marjorie K. Rawlings).Recently, however, the nonstandard Southern usage has coincided with widespread usage of verbs derived from nouns, such asparent, network, and microwave. Birth in this new usage is most commonly found in its present participial form and is used as an adjective in the compound birthing room. 以前birth 意为生育（孩子）的动词用法仅限于南方语言： 一个女人生养一大堆孩子，然后他们都一起离开家庭，这对于她来说有很大好处。” （玛乔里·K·罗林斯）。但是最近，这种不标准的南方用法与广泛使用名词作动词的用法相吻合，如作父母，连网络 和 传送微波。 Birth这种新的用法常见于现在分词形式并用于合成词中的形容词 育婴室 〔south〕To, toward, of, facing, or in the south.向南方，南方的，面临南方或在南方的〔stob〕The Southern wordstob means a short, straight stick of wood: "Jim Rozier's skill with a piece of iron and a hardwood stob sets up a vibration in the earth that Sopchoppy worms find extremely disagreeable" (Charles Kuralt).Related tostub and stubby, stob is one of numerous Indo-European cognates, for example, Greekstupos, meaning "stump (of a tree or branch).” In Middle Englishstob seems to have been a variant spelling of stub, with one of its meanings being "the amputated stump of a human limb.”However, the word has chiefly denoted a short piece of wood,such as "a small post or stake or stump of a shrub, [and is] commonly so used in many, if not all, parts of the [American] South"(Charles F. Smith).南方语言stob 指一段短而直的树枝： 吉姆·罗泽尔的铁条或硬木树枝技术使大地呈现一片繁荣，苏普乔皮虫感到极为不快” （查尔斯·库拉尔特）。许多印欧语系同源词与stub 和 stubby，stob 有关， 例如，希腊语stupos 指 “（树或树枝的）树桩”。 在中古英语中，stob 看起来是 stub 的另一种拼法， 并有“人类肢体切断的残余”的意思。但是，这个词主要指一短块树木，如一小段桩子或柱子或树枝的残存部分，广泛用于［美国］南部大部分地区，如果不是全部地区的话”（查尔斯·F·史密斯）〔Davis〕American soldier and president of the Confederacy (1861-1865). He was captured by Union soldiers in 1865 and imprisoned for two years, and although he was indicted for treason (1866), he was never prosecuted.戴维斯，杰斐逊：(1808-1889) 美国军人和南方联盟政府总统(1861-1865年），他于1865年被联盟士兵俘获，在监狱里呆了两年，尽管他被指控为叛国罪(1866年），他从未被判罪〔memory〕"My earliest memories were connected with the South" (Thomas B. Aldrich).“我最早的记忆是与南方联系在一起的” （托马斯B·艾尔里奇）。〔Sayreville〕A borough of east-central New Jersey south-southwest of Perth Amboy. It is a manufacturing center. Population, 34,986.塞尔维尔：美国新泽西州中东部一自治城镇，位于珀斯安博伊西南偏南方，是一个制造业中心。人口34,986〔southward〕A southward direction, point, or region.南方：朝南的方向、地点或区域〔Welty〕American writer known for her tales of rural Southern life. Her works include collections of stories, such asThe Golden Apples (1949), and novels, notably The Ponder Heart (1954). 韦尔蒂，欧多拉：(生于 1909) 美国作家。因其描述南方农村生活的故事而著名。她的作品有故事集，如《金苹果》 （1949年），和小说，其中有名的有 《沉思的心》 （1954年） 〔Lanier〕American writer and musician noted for his melodic poems, including "The Marshes of Glynn" (1878). His novelTiger Lilies (1867) is based on his experiences as a Confederate soldier. 拉尼尔，锡德尼：(1842-1881) 美国作家和音乐家，以其韵律美妙的诗歌包括“格林的沼泽地”(1878年）而著名。他的小说《老虎莉莉》 （1867年）根据他作为一个南方邦联战士的经历而创作的 〔Manassas〕An independent city of northeast Virginia west of Alexandria. The Civil War Battles of Bull Run (called the Battles of Manassas by the Confederates) were fought nearby in July 1861 and August 1862. Population, 27,957.马纳萨斯：美国弗吉尼亚州东北部一座独立城市，位于亚历山德里拉的西面。1861年7月和1862年8月，此城附近发生了美国内战中的布尔朗战役（南方诸邦称为马纳萨斯战役）。人口27,957 |
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