| 单词 | 南方人 |
| 释义 | 〔Antietam〕A creek of north-central Maryland emptying into the Potomac River. The bloody and inconclusive Civil War Battle of Antietam (or Sharpsburg, as it is often called in the South) was fought along its banks on September 17, 1862.安提塔姆：美国马里兰州中北部的一条小河，注入波托马克河。1862年9月17日在其沿岸进了残酷而未分胜败的安提塔姆内战（南方人称之为沙珀斯堡）〔Shawnee〕from Shawnee shaawanooki [those of the south, Shawnee] 源自 肖尼语 shaawanooki [那些南方人，肖尼族人] 〔fix〕Fixing to ranks with y'all as one of the best known markers of Southern dialects, although it seems to be making its way into the informal speech and writing of non-Southerners. Fixing to means "to be on the verge of or in preparation for (doing a given thing),” but like the modal auxiliaries, it has only a single invariant form and is not fully inflected like other verbs. Its form is always the present participle followed by the infinitive marker to : They were fixing to leave without me. Semantically, fixing to can refer only to events that immediately follow the speaker's point of reference. One cannot say, "We're fixing to have a baby in a couple of years.” Fixing to 与 y'all 齐名，都是南方方言的典型代表，但它开始也在非南方人不正式的讲话和写作中运用。 Fixing to 意指“向…报仇或准备好（做交给的事情）”，但它与情态动词一样，只有一种变形形式，不象其它动词那样有完整的一套词尾变形。它常用带动词不定式的符号 to 加现在分词的形式： 他们正准备不等我就离开。 从语义上来看， fixing to 仅用于紧跟在说话者观点后的事情。不能说，“我们准备在近几年内要个孩子” 〔southerner〕A native or inhabitant of the south, especially the southern United States.南方人：南方本地人或居住在南方的人，尤指美国南方人〔carry〕A non-Southerner is always amused when a Southerner offers to "carry" rather than to drive him or her somewhere,imagining it to be an invitation to be picked up and bodily lugged to the destination.However, the verbcarry, which to Southerners means "to transport (someone) in a motor vehicle, such as an automobile,” is etymologicallymore precise in the Southern usage than anywhere else.Carry derives from the Latin noun carrus, "cart,” from which we get the nounscarriage and our modern car. Therefore,carry is more closely related to car than is drive, which only makes literal sense if the vehicle is drawn by a team of animals.当一个南方人提出把一个非南方人“运送”而不是开车带到某地时，这个非南方人总是觉得好笑，会以为是一个把他或她“拖运”到某地的邀请。然而，carry 这个动词对南方人来说意思是“用机动车辆（例如汽车）运送某人，” 从词源学的角度来讲，该词在南部的用法比在其它任何地方者更为确切。Carry 一词从拉丁语中的名词 carrus “货车”发展而来， 从此我们又得到了名词carriage 和现在的 car 。 因此，carry 比 drive 而更为与 car 的关系密切， 因为如果一辆车由一组动物拉着，那么它就只能表示字面上的意思〔southron〕A native or inhabitant of the American South. Used by the Confederates in the Civil War.南方人：美国南方居民和土著人。用于内战其间联邦对南方人的称呼〔Southernism〕A trait, an attitude, or a practice characteristic of the South or southerners, especially in the United States.南方特点：南方或南方人特有的性格、态度或习俗，尤指美国南方〔gutter〕Certain household words have proved important as markers for major U.S. dialect boundaries.The channels along the edge of a roof for carrying away rainwater (normally referred to in the plural) are variously known aseaves spouts or eaves troughs in New England and the Great Lakes states, spouting or rainspouts in New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, and the Delmarva Peninsula, andgutters from Virginia southward. The transition points mark unusually clear boundaries for the three major dialect areas—Northern, Midland, and Southern—traditionally acknowledged by scholars of American dialects.Atypically, Southerngutters seems to have become the standard U.S. term. 某些常用词作为区分美国各主要方言的标志是非常重要的。在新英格兰和五大湖区，这种装在屋顶边缘用来排走雨水的沟槽（一般都是用作复数）被叫做eaves spouts 或 eaves troughs ， 而在新泽西，宾夕法尼亚州东部和德马华群岛被叫做spouting 或 rainspouts ， 弗吉尼亚以南人们把它称为gutters 。 这些转变表明了美国方言三大区域通常中比较清楚的边界，这三个地区是北部，中部和南部地区，这通常已为美国的方言学者所确认。而南方人使用的gutters 似乎已经成为美国英语中正规的名称，这种情况是不太常见的 〔drawl〕a Southern drawl.南方人拉长调子的话音〔meridional〕An inhabitant of a southern region, especially the south of France.南方人：居住在南方地区的人，尤指法国南部的人〔run〕Terms for "a small, fast-flowing stream" vary throughout the eastern United States especially.Speakers in the eastern part of the Lower North (including Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, and southern Pennsylvania) use the wordrun, as inBull Run. Speakers in New York State are liable to call such a stream akill (a Dutch borrowing). Brook has come to be used throughout the Northeast. Southerners refer to abranch, and throughout the northern United States the term iscrick, a variant of creek. 在美国东部，用来表示“急流的小河”的词尤其多变。北部低地地区东部（包括弗吉尼亚、西弗吉尼亚、特拉华、马里兰和宾夕法尼亚南部）用run ， 如在Bull run 中。 纽约州用kill （借自荷兰语）表示这样的河流。 整个东北部已开始用Brook 。 南方人用branch ， 美国北部则用crick （ cleek 的变体） 〔favor〕When a Southernerfavors a relative, he or she is not giving that person special privileges;rather, the Southerner looks like that relative.Favor can be either transitive— She favors her father — or intransitive with a compound subject: She and her father favor. This sense offavor goes back to early modern English: "This young lord Chamont/Favors my mother" (Ben Jonson).The verb derives from the nounfavor, which was used from the 15th to the 19th century to mean "appearance, aspect; the countenance, face": "What makes thy favor like the bloodless head/Fall'n on the block?” (Tennyson).This sense of the noun is now archaic,but the verb thrives in the English of the Southern United States.当一个南方人favors 一个亲属， 他（或她）不是给这个人特权；而是这个南方人长得像那个亲属。Favor 可以是及物的—— 她像她父亲—— 或不及物的，与复合主语连用： 她和她父亲相象。 Favor 的这种含义可以上溯到早期的现代英语： “这个年轻的贵族像我妈妈” （本·杰森）。这动词来源于名词favor， 在15世纪到19世纪被作为“外貌，样子；面貌，脸部”的意思用： “什么使你的脸毫无血色，脑袋耷拉下来?” （坦尼森）。名词的这一用法现在已经陈旧了，但动词仍在美国南部英语中流行〔damned〕There are many regional variants, mostly euphemisms, fordamned, both as an oath and as a mild intensive. Southern exclamations and intensives tend to begin withdad-, a euphemism for "god"—hencedadblamed, dadblasted, dadburn, and dadgum. Dadgum can be combined withit in the interjection dadgummit. Another such euphemism is the better knowndoggone, probably originally Southern but now widespread.Likedadgum, doggone is used as a mild intensive: "The best doggone deals in Alabama" (billboard in Montgomery). Doggone likewise appears in phrasal interjections: Doggonit, I dropped my hammer. A common regional variant ofdamned is durn, also euphemistic and relatively mild,as in this snatch of Baltimore dialogue: "If that's not just the weirdest durn thing I ever laid eyes on" (Anne Tyler).作为诅咒和轻度的加强语气词，damned 有许多宗教上的替换形式，其中大多为委婉语。 南方人的感叹词和加强语气词倾向于以dad- 作为开始， “上帝”的一种委婉说法——因而出现dadblamed，dadblasted，dadburn 和 dadgum。 Dadgum 在感叹词dadgummit 中，可与 it 结合在一起。 另一个这样的委婉词比doggone 知道的人更多， 可能最初为南方人使用而现在已普遍应用了。象dadgum，daggone 被用作轻度的加强语气词： “亚拉巴马最好的交易” （蒙哥马利的大型广告牌）。 Daggone 同样也出现在短语感叹词： 他妈的，我弄掉了锤子。 dammed 是 durn 的一个常见局部性的变体， 它也是一个委婉语且相对较轻，正如巴尔的摩的几句对话中出现的： 如果那不是最奇特的东西，我绝不会看一眼的 （安妮·泰勒）〔cut〕"Boy, has he cut a fat hog, as they say down home"(Hughes Rudd)“好家伙，他象他们所说的南方人那样吃不消了吗？”(休斯·鲁德) |
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