| 单词 | 南瓜 |
| 释义 | 〔vegetable〕When the speaker in Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" tells his mistressthat "Had we but world enough, and time . . . /My vegetable love should grow/Vaster than empires and more slow,” he "makes one think of pumpkins and eternity in one breath,”as one critic has playfully suggested.However,vegetable in this case is used figuratively in the sense, "having the property of life and growth, as does a plant.”This use is based on the ancient religious and philosophical notion of the tripartite soul as interpreted by the Scholastics:thevegetative soul common to plants, animals, and humans; thesensitive soul common to animals and humans; and therational soul, found only in humans. “ Vegetable love" in Marvell's poem is thus a love that grows, takes nourishment, and reproduces,although it grows slowly.Marvell's use illustrates the original sense ofvegetable, first recorded in the 15th century.In a work published in 1582 we find recorded for the first time the adjective use ofvegetable familiar to us, "having to do with plants.” In a work of the same date appears the first instance ofvegetable as a noun, meaning "a plant.” It is not until the 18th century that we find the noun and adjective used in the more restricted way associated with the injunction "Eat your vegetables.”当安德鲁·马韦尔的“致他的羞涩情人”一诗中的说话者告诉他的情人 “如果我们有足够的世界和时间…/我的植物一样的爱会生长得/比帝国更广大、更慢”时，他“使人想起了南瓜以及一息之间的永恒，”某个批评家开玩笑似地说。然而，在这个情况下vegetable 是被用于比喻意义上的， 意思是“象植物一样具有生命和生长的性质”。这一用法是基于由经院哲学家所释的三重灵魂的古代宗教和哲学观念之上的：vegetative 的灵魂为植物、动物和人类共有； sensitive 的灵魂为动物和人类共有； 而rational 的灵魂却只存在于人类中。 因此马韦尔诗中的“植物的爱”是一种生长的、吸取营养并繁殖的爱，但是它长得很慢。马韦尔的这一用法指示了vegetable 的原先的含义， 最早记录于15世纪。在一部出版于1582年的作品中，我们第一次找到了已为我们熟悉的vegetable 一词的形容词用法的记录，意思是“与植物有关的”。 在同一时期的另一部作品中，出现了vegetable 作为名词用的第一个例子，意思是“植物”。 直到18世纪，我们才发现该名词和形容词被用于与“吃你的蔬菜”这一命令相关的更受限制的方式中〔carotene〕An orange-yellow to red crystalline pigment, C40H 56, found in animal tissue and certain plants, such as carrots and squash. It exists in three isomeric forms and is converted to vitamin A in the liver. 胡萝卜素：一种桔黄色至红色的晶体色素，C40H 56，发现于动物细胞组织和某些植物中，如胡萝卜和南瓜。其存在于三种同质异构形式中并且可以在肝脏中转变为维生素A 〔pumpkinseed〕The seed of a pumpkin.南瓜籽：南瓜的籽〔gourd〕Any of several trailing or climbing plants related to the pumpkin, squash, and cucumber and bearing fruits with a hard rind.葫芦：任何一种蔓生攀援植物，如黄瓜，西瓜或南瓜，果实结在硬皮里〔squash〕The fruit of any of these plants, eaten as a vegetable.南瓜：作为蔬菜食用的这些植物的果实〔show〕show them the biggest squash in the garden.给他们展示花园中最大的南瓜〔crookneck〕Any of several edible varieties of summer squash having a narrow crooked or curved neck and a yellow rind and flesh.曲颈南瓜：任一种可食用的夏天南瓜属植物，长有细的弯脖子和黄色的皮和果肉〔pumpkin〕A coarse, trailing vine(Cucurbita pepo) widely cultivated for its fruit. 南瓜：一种由于果实可食而广泛种植的粗糙的攀蔓植物（西葫芦 南瓜属） 〔pumpkin〕Any of several other vines of the genusCucurbita, especially C. maxima or C. moschata, bearing large pumpkinlike squashes. 任一种南瓜 属的其它蔓生植物，尤指果实大而像南瓜的 自然种笋瓜 或 自然种南瓜 〔pepo〕The fruit of any of various related plants, such as the cantaloupe, watermelon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin, and melon, having a hard or leathery rind, fleshy pulp, and numerous flattened seeds.瓜果：任何一种相关植物的果实，例如香瓜、西瓜、黄瓜、南瓜和香瓜，长有硬且坚韧的皮、饱满的果肉和许多扁平的种子〔zucchini〕A variety of squash having an elongated shape and a smooth, thin, dark green rind.绿皮密生西葫芦：一种细长的南瓜，表皮光滑呈深绿色〔pickleworm〕The larva of a pyralid moth(Diaphania nitidalis) of the southern Atlantic and Gulf states of the United States, that feeds destructively on cucumbers, squash, pumpkins, and other gourds. 泡菜虫：一种螟蛾（黄瓜绢野螟 绢野螟属） 的幼虫，生长在美国南部大西洋和墨西哥湾沿岸的一些州，破坏性地蚕食黄瓜、南瓜、笋瓜和其他葫芦科植物 〔tomato〕It has been said that the real contributions to world civilization were made by the unknown inhabitants of the Americas who domesticated plants such as the potato and squash and not by the great pre-Columbian civilizations, including that of the Aztecs.The tomato was another contribution,its name coming ultimately from the Nahuatl language spoken by the Aztecs as well as by other groups in Mexico and Central America.The Spanish, who conquered the area, brought back the tomato to Spain and,borrowing the Nahuatl wordtomatl for it, named ittomate, a form shared in French, Portuguese, and early Modern English.Tomate, first recorded in 1604, gave way totomato, a form created in English either because it was assumed to be Spanish or under the influence of the wordpotato. In any case,as is well known,people resisted eating this New World food at first because its membership in the Nightshade family made it suspect,but it is now eaten throughout the worldwhile Aztec civilization is memorialized by ruins.据说对世界文明真正作出贡献的并非是包括阿兹特克文明在内的哥伦布到达前的美洲文明，而是那些家庭种植土豆、南瓜等的不知名的美洲居民。西红柿是其中的另一贡献，它的名字最终的来源是阿兹特克人和其他墨西哥和中美洲居民使用的纳瓦特尔语。征服了该地区的西班牙人把西红柿带回了西班牙，并且借用了纳瓦特尔语的单词tomatl ， 把它称作tomate ， 这个形式为法语、葡萄牙语和早期现代英语所通用。Tomate ，最早记录于1604年， 后来被英语中诞生的一个形式tomato 所取代。 取代的原因可能是因为形式上更象西班牙语或是因为受单词potato 的影响。 不管怎么样，就像我们知道的，由于它属于茄科使它受到怀疑，人们起初拒绝吃它，不过现在全世界的人们都在吃西红柿，而阿兹特克文明都只存在于废墟之中了〔squash〕Any of various tendril-bearing plants of the genusCucurbita, having fleshy edible fruit with a leathery rind and unisexual flowers. 南瓜：一种南瓜属 卷须植物，具有新鲜可食用的果实，有毛皮状表皮和单性生殖的花朵 〔cucurbit〕Any of various mostly climbing or trailing plants of the family Cucurbitaceae, which includes the squash, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and cantaloupe.葫芦科植物：任一种葫芦科的多数为攀缘或蔓生植物，包括有南瓜属植物、西葫芦、黄瓜、葫芦、西瓜和甜瓜〔cushaw〕Any of several kinds of winter squash(Cucurbita mixta) having a curved neck. 南瓜，倭瓜：一种笋瓜（南瓜属 杂交南瓜） ，长有弯颈 |
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