| 单词 | 占领 |
| 释义 | 〔Valencia〕also [bä-lĕnʹthyä] A city of eastern Spain on theGulf of Valencia, a wide inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. First mentioned as a Roman colony in 138 b.c. , Valencia was taken by the Visigoths in a.d. 413 and the Moors in 714. Population, 785,273. 也作 [bä-lĕnʹthyä] 巴伦西亚：西班牙东部位于巴伦西亚海峡 上的一座城市，是地中海的一个宽阔的入口，它于 公元前 138年作为一个罗马殖民地而首次被提到，巴伦西亚于 公元后 413年和714年分别被西哥特人和摩尔人所占领。人口785,273 〔York〕A borough of northern England on the Ouse River east-northeast of Leeds. Originally a Celtic settlement, it was later held by Romans, Angles, Danes, and Normans. During the Middle Ages the city was a prosperous wool market and an educational center. Its archbishopric is second only to Canterbury in importance. Population, 101,600.约克：英格兰北部一自治市，位于乌斯河河畔、利兹东北偏东。起初为盖尔人的定居点，后为罗马人、盎格鲁人、丹麦人和诺曼人占领。中世纪该城是繁荣的羊毛市场和教育中心。其大主教地位仅次于坎特伯雷大主教。人口101,600〔Manila〕The capital and largest city of the Philippines, on southwest Luzon Island andManila Bay, an inlet of the South China Sea. Founded in 1571, the city was controlled by Spain until it was seized by U.S. troops in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. It was held by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945 during World War II. Population, 1,630,485. 马尼拉：菲律宾的首都和最大城市，位于吕宋岛和南中国海的一个海湾马尼拉湾 的西南部。1571年建城，一直由西班牙控制。1898年在美西战争中被美国军队夺占。 二战期间从1942至1945年，日本人占领这座城市。人口1,630,485 〔Silesia〕A region of central Europe primarily in southwest Poland and northern Czechoslovakia. Settled by Slavic peoples c.a.d. 500, the region was long contested by various states and principalities. After World War I Silesia was partitioned among Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. Much of the Czechoslovakian section passed to Germany and Poland after the signing of the Munich Pact in 1938. Germany occupied Polish Silesia from 1939 to 1945, and after World War II Poland annexed most of German Silesia. Upper Silesia, in southern Poland, is an important industrialized area. 西里西亚：欧洲中部一地区，主要位于波兰西南部和捷克斯洛伐克北部。公元 500年斯拉夫民族在此定居，长期以来各国和各公国都对该地区进行争夺。第一次世界大战以后，西里西亚被德国、波兰和捷克斯洛伐克分割。1938年慕尼黑条约签订以后，捷克斯洛伐克所占的那部分归入德国和波兰。1939年至1945年德国占领了波兰属西里西亚，第二次世界大战后波兰合并了大部分德属西西里亚。波兰南部的 上西里西亚 是一个重要的工业区 〔Bacon〕English-born American colonist who led Bacon's Rebellion (1676), in which a group of frontiersmen captured and burned Jamestown in an attempt to gain reforms and greater participation in the government of Virginia.培根，内森尼尔：(1647-1676) 美籍英裔殖民者，他发起了培根叛乱（1676年），即领导一群边境居民占领并焚烧了詹姆斯敦，试图赢得改革并在弗吉尼亚政府中取得更多的参政权〔Salamanca〕A city of west-central Spain west-northwest of Madrid. Conquered by Hannibal in 220b.c. , it was captured by Moors in the 8th century a.d. and held by them until the late 11th century. Population, 159,336. 萨拉曼卡：西班牙中西部一城市，位于马德里西北偏西。公元前 220年被汉尼拔征服， 公元 8世纪被摩尔人占领，并一直占有至11世纪末。人口159,336 〔Alabama〕A state of the southeast United States. It was admitted as the 22nd state in 1819. Alabama was first explored by the Spanish, and the southern section was claimed by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase (1803). Montgomery is the capital and Birmingham the largest city. Population, 4,062,608.亚拉巴马州：美国东南部一个州。1819年被接纳为美国第22个州。亚拉巴马首先由西班牙人勘查，南部地区作为“路易斯安那购置”（1803年）的一部分被美国占领。蒙哥马利为其州府，伯明翰是最大城市。人口4,062,608〔Oujda〕A city of northeast Morocco near the Algerian border. Founded in 944, it was occupied by the French in 1844, 1859, and 1907. Population, 260,082.乌季达：摩洛哥东北部城市，靠近阿尔及利亚边界。建于944年，分别于1844年、1859年和1907年被法国人占领。人口260,082〔Palembang〕A city of Indonesia on southeast Sumatra Island. Center of a powerful Hindu kingdom in the seventh and eighth centuries, it became a Dutch trading post in 1617 and was later occupied intermittently by the British. Population, 787,187.巴邻帝，巨港：印度尼西亚的城市，位于苏门答腊岛东南部。在17和18世纪它是印度王国的权力中心，在1617年它成为荷兰的贸易港并且后来紧接着被英国占领。人口787,187〔Paris〕The capital and largest city of France, in the north-central part of the country on the Seine River. Founded as a fishing village on the Île de la Cité, Paris (then called Lutetia) was captured and fortified by the Romans in 52b.c. Clovis I made it the capital of his kingdom after a.d. 486, and Hugh Capet established it as the capital of France after his accession to the throne in 987. Through the succeeding centuries, Paris grew rapidly as a commercial, cultural, and industrial center. The city was occupied by the Germans in World War II from June 14, 1940, to August 25, 1944. Population, 2,149,900. 巴黎：法国首都和最大城市，位于该国中北部的塞纳河上，作为一个钓鱼村庄建于斯德岛，巴黎（那时叫作鲁提提亚）被罗马人于公元前 52年侵占并加强城防，克维一世于 公元 486年把它订为自己王国的首都，休·卡佩于987年继王位后把它修建为法兰西的首都，在接下来的几个世纪里，作为商业、文化和工业中心，巴黎发展得很迅猛，二战中，该城在1940年6月14日到1944年8月25日期间被德国占领。人口2,149,900 〔Edirne〕A city of northwest Turkey northwest of Istanbul. It was founded c.a.d. 125 by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of an earlier Thracian town and was conquered at various times by Visigoths, Bulgarians, Crusaders, Turks, and Russians. Held by Greece after 1920, it was restored to Turkey in 1923. Population, 71,914. 埃迪思，阿德里安堡：土耳其西北部一城市，位于伊斯坦布尔的西北部。它建于公元 125年，创建者为罗马皇帝哈德里安，该城创建之前原是一座色雷斯的小城，在不同时期曾被西哥特人、保加利亚人、十字军、土耳其人和俄国人占领。1920年之后由希腊管理，1923年又归还给土耳其。人口71,914 〔Sudetenland〕A historical region of northwest Czechoslovakia along the Polish border. Seized by the Germans in September 1938, it was restored to Czechoslovakia in 1945.苏台德：捷克斯洛伐克西北部沿波兰边境一有历史意义地区， 1938年9月被德国人占领。1945年归还给捷克斯洛伐克〔Quito〕The capital of Ecuador, in the north-central part of the country. Settled by the Quito people, it was captured by the Incas in 1487 and held by the Spanish from 1534 until 1822. The city has frequently been damaged by earthquakes. Population, 890,355.基多：厄瓜多尔首都，位于这个国家的中北部。最初由基多人定居，1487年被印加人占领，1534年至1822年为西班牙占领。该城经常遭地震破坏。人口890,355〔Natal〕A city of northeast Brazil on the Atlantic Ocean north of Recife. Founded in the late 1590's, it was occupied by the Dutch from 1633 to 1654. The city grew rapidly in World War II as a base for flights connecting with Africa. Population, 376,446.纳塔尔市：大西洋畔巴西东北部、累西腓北部的一个城市建立于16世纪九十年代未期，从1635年到1654年被荷兰占领，该城市作为和非洲联系的空军基地而在第二次世界大战中发展迅速，人口376,446〔Flores〕An island of eastern Indonesia in the Lesser Sundas on theFlores Sea, between the eastern end of the Java Sea and the western end of the Banda Sea south of Sulawesi. The island came under Dutch influence in the 17th century, although the Portuguese held the eastern end until 1851. 弗洛里斯：印度尼西亚东部一座岛屿，是弗洛里斯海 小巽他群岛之中的一座岛屿，位于爪哇海东端和苏拉威西海南面的班达海西端之间。尽管葡萄牙人直到1851年还占领着该岛的东端，但在17世纪该岛就已经在荷兰人势力的影响之下了 〔Gaza〕A city of southwest Asia in theGaza Strip, a narrow coastal area along the Mediterranean Sea adjoining Israel and Egypt. The territory was part of the British mandate for Palestine (1917-1948), passed to Egypt in 1949, and was occupied by Israel in 1967. Palestinian autonomy was promised in the 1979 Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty but has not yet been achieved. The city of Gaza was one of the five major Philistine city-kingdoms. Population, 118,272. 加沙：西南亚一城市，位于加沙走廊， 一狭窄沿海区，沿地中海分布，靠近以色列和埃及。其领土原是英国一部分，授权巴勒斯坦人管理（1917-1948年），1949年转给埃及，1967年被以色列占领。巴勒斯坦人的独立建国在1979年两伊协定中有了许诺，但仍未实现。加沙城是5个主要非利人城邦国之一。人口118,272 〔Milan〕A city of northern Italy northeast of Genoa. Probably of Celtic origin, it was taken by the Romans in 222b.c. and has been an important commercial, financial, cultural, and industrial center since medieval times because of its strategic location. Population, 1,634,638. 米兰：意大利北部一城市，位于热那亚东北。可能由塞尔特人所建，公元前 222年被罗马人占领，因其处于战略要地，自中世纪以来一直是一个重要的商业、金融、文化和工业中心。人口1,634,638 〔Mecklenburg〕A historical region of northeast Germany on the Baltic Sea. It was originally occupied c. sixth centurya.d. by Slavic peoples who were then displaced by Germanic settlements. After 1621 Mecklenburg was divided into two duchies, which joined the German Confederation in 1867. 梅克伦堡州：历史上德国东北部一地区，临近波罗的海。这儿最早在公元 6世纪就有斯拉夫人居住，后为定居于此的日耳曼人所占领。1621年以后，梅克伦堡州被分成两个公爵领地，并于1867年加入了德意志联邦 〔Rangoon〕The capital and largest city of Burma, in the southern part of the country on theRangoon River near its outlet in the Irrawaddy River delta. It was a small fishing village until it became the capital of Burmese kings after the 1750's. Further growth was spurred by the British occupation of the city in 1852. Population, 2,458,712. 仰光：缅甸首都或最大城市，位于该国南部，在仰光河 上，在仰光河注入伊洛瓦底江的河口上，在伊洛瓦底江三角洲的出海处。直到1750年成为缅甸国王首都之前，它一直是一座小渔村。1852年英国人占领该城后，其发展速度迅速加快。人口2,458,712 〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔territoriality〕A behavior pattern in animals consisting of the occupation and defense of a territory.地盘性：动物的一种包括对一地区占领和保卫的行为方式〔Wilmington〕A city of northeast Delaware on the Delaware River southwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded as Fort Christina by Swedish settlers in 1638 and held by the Dutch from 1655 until 1664, when it was taken by the English. The name Wilmington dates from 1739. E.I. Du Pont established a powder mill nearby in 1802. The city is now a port of entry and manufacturing center with an extensive chemical industry. It is also the largest city in the state. Population, 71,529.威尔明顿：美国特拉华东北部城市，位于宾夕法尼亚州费城西南、特拉华河上。1638年瑞典开拓者建立它作为基督教据点，从1655年到1664年一直由荷兰人占据，1664年由英国占领。威尔明顿这个名字可追溯到1739年。E.I杜邦1802年在附近建了一个炸药厂。这个城市现在是进口港和一个拥有雄厚的化学工业的制造中心，也是特拉华州的最大城市。人口71,529〔Gibraltar〕A British colony at the northwest end of theRock of Gibraltar, a peninsula on the south-central coast of Spain in the Strait of Gibraltar, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean between Spain and northern Africa. Gibraltar was captured by Arabs in 711 and passed to the Spanish in 1462. Great Britain took control in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession, although Spain has made repeated claims to regain the territory. The population of the colony is 29,648. 直布罗陀：直布罗陀岩 西北端的英国殖民地，位于 直布罗陀海峡 西班牙中南部海岸的半岛，在西班牙和北部非洲之间连接地中海和大西洋。直布罗陀在711年被阿拉伯人占领，并于1462年转给西班牙。在西班牙王位继承战争中英国于1704年控制了直布罗陀，虽然西班牙一直重申要求重获这个地区。该殖民地的人口29,648 〔Transylvania〕A historical region of western Romania bounded by the Transylvanian Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. Part of the Roman province of Dacia aftera.d. 107, it was later overrun by Germanic peoples and came under Hungarian rule in 1003. Transylvania passed to various powers over the following centuries and finally became part of modern-day Romania after World War II. 特兰西瓦尼亚：历史上罗马尼亚西部的一个地区，以特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山脉和喀巴阡山脉为边界。公元 107年以后，它是古罗马达西亚省的一部分，后来被日耳曼民族所占领，1003年被匈牙利控制。在后来的几百年里，特兰西瓦尼亚曾被各种政权所控制，二次世界大战以后，它最终成为现代罗马尼亚的一部分 〔Lisbon〕The capital and largest city of Portugal, in the western part of the country on the Tagus River estuary. An ancient Iberian settlement, it was held by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, taken by the Romans in 205b.c. , and conquered by the Moors c. a.d. 714. Reconquered by the Portuguese in 1147, it flourished in the 16th century during the heyday of colonial expansion in Africa and India. The city was devastated by a major earthquake in 1755. Population, 807,167. 里斯本：葡萄牙首都和最大的城市。位于太加斯河湾区域的西部。它是一个古老的伊比利亚人定居点，曾被腓尼基人和迦太基人占有。公元前 205年被罗马人占领，并于 公元 714年被摩尔人征服，1147年葡萄牙人重新征服该城。在16世纪向非洲和印度的殖民扩张的全盛时期最为繁荣，在1755年一场大地震中被夷为平地。人口807,167 〔Samos〕An island of eastern Greece in the Aegean Sea off the western coast of Turkey. First inhabited in the Bronze Age, it was later colonized by Ionian Greeks and became an important commercial and maritime power in the sixth centuryb.c. Subsequently controlled by Persia, Athens, Sparta, Rome, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire, the island became part of modern-day Greece in 1913. 萨摩斯岛：希腊东部爱琴海上一岛屿，位于土耳其西岸附近。最早于青铜器时代就有人居住，后被爱奥尼亚希腊人殖民，在公元前 6世纪成为重要的商业和海上力量。先后被波斯、雅典、斯巴达、罗马、拜占庭和奥托曼帝国占领，1913年此岛成为今天希腊的一部分 〔Schuschnigg〕Austrian politician who as chancellor (1934-1938) resisted the German occupation of Austria.舒施尼格，库尔特·冯：(1897-1977) 奥地利政治家，他在任总理(1934-1938年）期间抵制德国占领奥地利〔Guadalcanal〕A volcanic island of the western Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Solomon Islands. Discovered in 1788, the island became a British protectorate in 1893 and was occupied by the Japanese in World War II, leading to an invasion by U.S. troops in August 1942. After fierce jungle fighting, the island was captured by the Allies in February 1943.瓜达尔卡纳尔岛：太平洋西部一火山岛，所罗门群岛中的最大岛屿。该岛1788年被发现，1893年成为英国保护领地，在第二次世界大战期间被日军占领。1942年8月美军进攻该岛。经过激烈的丛林战，盟军于1943年2月占领该岛〔Multan〕A city of east-central Pakistan southwest of Lahore. Conquered c. 326b.c. by Alexander the Great, it was captured by Tamerlane in 1398 and was under British jurisdiction from 1849 until 1947. Population, 694,000. 摩耳坦：巴基斯坦中东部城市，位于拉合尔西南。于公元前 326年被亚历山大大帝所征服，于1398年被帖木儿所占领，从1849到1947年间处于英国势力范围内。人口694,000 〔Johnson〕British-born American pioneer and public official. In the French and Indian Wars he defeated the French at Lake George (1755) and captured Niagara (1759).约翰逊爵士，威廉：(1715-1774) 生于英国的美国拓荒者，政府官员。在英法七年战争中，他在乔治湖击败法军(1755年）并占领了尼亚加拉(1759年）〔shrapnel〕Henry Shrapnel received no compensation for the invention named after him other than having his name live on in connection with it.This deadly artillery shell, invented by Shrapnel, a British artillery officer, in his spare time and at his own expense,was given its first test in South America during the British seizure of part of Suriname (1799-1802),but shrapnel came into its own during the Peninsular War (1808-1814) between Great Britain, Spanish guerrillas, Portugal, and Napoleonic France.Shrapnel's shell was first officially called thespherical case shot, but it seems that early on it was called theshrapnel shell as well (first recorded in 1806), and this was the name eventually adopted by the British army.The wordshrapnel came to be used by itself as a collective noun, and even though the shrapnel shell is no longer used,people have for some time (first recorded in 1940) called the fragments from a shell, mine, or bombshrapnel, thus ensuring the continued existence, if not the immortality, of Henry Shrapnel's name.亨利·宣普纳因这种以其名字命名的发明，除了他的名字跟这种发明联系在一起以外他一无所获。宣普纳是一位英国炮兵军官，这种致命的武器是他在闲暇时间自筹经费发明的。它的首次试用是在南美洲英国占领部分苏里南领土期间（1799-1802年）进行的，但在大布列颠、西班牙游击队、葡萄牙及拿破仑统治下的法国几方之间进行的半岛战争期间（1804-1814年），榴霰弹开始使用。一开始宣普纳的这种炮弹被官方称作霰弹 。 但这之前似乎被称为shrapnel shell （最早记录于1806年）。 这一名字最终被英国陆军采用。shrapnel 一词被用作一集合名词， 虽然榴霰弹已不再使用了，但有一段时期人们把弹丸、地雷或炸弹的碎片也称为shrapnel （最早记录于1940年）， 这样就确保了亨利·宣普纳的名字得以继续存在，即使不能永存的话〔Istanbul〕The largest city of Turkey, in the northwest part of the country on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Founded c. 660b.c. as Byzantium, it was renamed Constantinople in a.d. 330 by Constantine the Great, who made it the capital of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. The city was sacked by Crusaders in 1204 and taken by the Turks in 1453. Istanbul was chosen as the official name in 1930. Population, 2,772,708. 伊斯坦布尔，君士坦丁堡：土耳其最大的城市，位于该国的西北部、博斯普鲁斯海峡的两岸、马尔马拉海的入口处。于公元前 660年建时称作拜占庭， 公元 330年由君士坦丁大帝改名为君士坦丁堡，他把它定为东罗马帝国的首都，或君士坦丁帝国。1204年，该城被十字军掠夺，1453年被土耳其人占领。1930年，“伊斯坦布尔”被指定为官方名称。人口2,772,708 〔Xanthus〕An ancient city of Lycia in present-day southwest Turkey. It was besieged and taken by the Persians (c. 546b.c. ) and the Romans (c. 42 b.c. ). Both times the residents destroyed the city before surrendering. 桑索斯：古代利西亚城市，位于现今土耳其的西南部，公元前 546年被波斯侵略并占领，于 公元前 42年又被罗马人占领，在两次城陷前居民都毁掉了城市 〔colonize〕To migrate to and settle in; occupy as a colony.移民：向…移民或定居于；作为殖民地占领〔Guadalajara〕A city of central Spain northeast of Madrid. Built on the site of a flourishing Roman colony, it was held by the Moors from 714 to 1081. Population, 58,436.瓜达拉哈拉：西班牙中部一城市，位于马德里东北。建于一繁荣的罗马殖民地旧址上。公元714年到1081年被摩尔人占领。人口58,436〔Tuscany〕A region of northwest Italy between the northern Apennines and the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Inhabited in ancient times by the Etruscans, it fell to Rome in the mid-fourth centuryb.c. Tuscany was a grand duchy under the Medicis (1569-1860) and subsequently became united with the kingdom of Sardinia. 托斯卡：意大利西北部的一个地区，位于亚平宁山脉北部、利古里亚海和第勒尼安海之间，在古代由埃特锝鲁斯堪人居住，在公元前 4世纪中期被罗马人占领。托斯卡纳是梅迪西斯统治下的一个庞大的公爵封地(1569年-1860年），后来它与撒丁尼亚尼亚王国合并 〔Kiev〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. on the Dnieper River southwest of Moscow. One of the oldest cities in the country, it was the center of the first Russian state and an early seat of Russian Christianity. Its power declined after the 12th century, and it was annexed by Moscow in 1686. Often known to Russians as "the Mother of Cities,” Kiev is also the capital of the Ukraine. Population, 2,448,000.基辅：苏联西欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科西南第聂伯河边。它是前苏联最古老的城市之一，曾是第一个俄罗斯国家的中心和俄罗斯基督教早期的中心。12世纪之后其权势衰落，1686年被莫斯科占领。它经常被俄罗斯人认为是“城市之母”。基辅还是乌克兰首都。人口2,448,000〔Saladin〕Sultan of Egypt and Syria who captured (1187) Jerusalem and defended it during the Third Crusade (1189-1192).萨拉丁：埃及和叙利亚的苏丹，1187年占领耶路撒冷，抗击第三次十字军东征期间(1189-1192年）保卫此城〔Cephalonia〕The largest of the Ionian Islands off the western coast of Greece. It was held by the British from 1809 to 1864.塞弗洛尼亚岛：希腊西海岸外爱奥尼亚群岛中最大的一个岛屿。1809年至1864年被英国占领〔Petra〕An ancient ruined city of Edom in present-day southwest Jordan. It flourished as a trade center from the 4th centuryb.c. until its capture by the Romans in a.d. 106. The city was taken by Moslems in the 7th century and by Crusaders in the 12th century. The ruins of the "rose-red city" were discovered in 1812. 佩特拉：埃多姆王国的一个古代城市废墟，位于现在的约旦西南。从公元前 4世纪直到 公元 106年被罗马人占领，它一直是一个繁华的贸易中心。7世纪被穆斯林人统治，12世纪又被十字军统治。这座“紫红色的城市”的废墟于1812年被发现 |
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