| 单词 | 原子价 |
| 释义 | 〔palladous〕Of or designating compounds that contain palladium, especially with valence 2.二价钯的：含有或指明包含钯（尤指原子价为2）的化合物的〔technetium〕A silvery-gray radioactive metal, the first synthetically produced element, having 14 isotopes with masses ranging from 92 to 105 and half-lives up to 2.6×106 years. It is used as a tracer and to eliminate corrosion in steel. Atomic number 43; melting point 2,200°C; specific gravity 11.50; valence 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. See table at element 锝：一种银灰色放射性金属，是第一个人工合成的元素，有十四个原子量从92到105且半衰期高达2.6×106年的同位素。用作放射追踪剂并可消除钢铁腐蚀现象。原子序数43；熔点2,200°C；比重11.50；原子价0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 参见 element〔copper〕Symbol Cu A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29; atomic weight 63.54; melting point 1,083°C; boiling point 2,595°C; specific gravity 8.96; valence 1, 2. See table at element 符号 Cu 铜：一种有韧性、可延展的红棕色金属元素，是热和电的极好导体，广泛用于电线、水管及防腐蚀零件中，其形式可以是纯铜也可以是黄铜或青铜合金。原子序数为29；原子量为63.54；熔点1,083°C；沸点2,595°C；比重8.96；原子价为1,2 参见 element〔cadmium〕A soft, bluish-white metallic element occurring primarily in zinc, copper, and lead ores, that is easily cut with a knife and is used in low-friction, fatigue-resistant alloys, solders, dental amalgams, nickel-cadmium storage batteries, nuclear reactor shields, and in rustproof electroplating. Atomic number 48; atomic weight 112.40; melting point 320.9°C; boiling point 765°C; specific gravity 8.65; valence 2. See table at element 镉：一种质软的，蓝白色的金属元素，最初存在于锌矿、铜矿和铅矿之中，这种金属易于用刀切割，用于制造低摩擦阻力和耐疲劳的合金、焊料、牙科用的混合填料、镍镉蓄电池、核反应堆防护层和防锈电镀之中。原子序数48；原子量112.40；熔点320.9°C；沸点765°C；比重8.65；原子价2 参见 element〔americium〕A white metallic transuranic element of the actinide series, having isotopes with mass numbers from 237 to 246 and half-lives from 25 minutes to 7,950 years. Its longest-lived isotopes, Am 241 and Am 243, are alpha-ray emitters used as radiation sources in research. Atomic number 95; specific gravity 11.7; valence 3, 4, 5, 6. See table at element 镅：锕系元素中的一种白色超铀金属元素，其同位素原子序数是从237到246，半衰期从25分钟到7,950年。其寿命最长的同位素镅241和镅243在研究中用作α射线辐射源。原子序数为95；比重11.7；原子价为3,4,5,6 参见 element〔hydrogen〕A colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all gases and the most abundant element in the universe, used in the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol, in petroleum refining, in the hydrogenation of organic materials, as a reducing atmosphere, in oxyhydrogen torches, and in rocket fuels. Atomic number 1; atomic weight 1.00797; melting point -259.14°C; boiling point -252.8°C; density at 0°C 0.08987 gram per liter; valence 1. See table at element 氢：一种无色，易燃的气体物质，在所有气体中最轻，而宇宙中最多用来生产合成氨和甲醇，提炼石油，氢化有机物质作为收缩的气体，用在氧氢焰熔接器和火箭燃料中。原子序数为1；原子量为1.00797；熔点为-259.14°C；沸点-252.8°C；零度时的密度是0.08987克/公升；原子价为1 参见 element〔indium〕A soft, malleable, silvery-white metallic element found primarily in ores of zinc and tin, used as a plating over silver in making mirrors, in plating aircraft bearings, and in compounds for making transistors. Atomic number 49; atomic weight 114.82; melting point 156.61°C; boiling point 2,000°C; specific gravity 7.31; valence 1, 2, 3. See table at element 铟：一种较软、可塑性强的银白色金属物质，主要存在于锌矿床和锡矿床中，制造镜子时镀在水银上，也可镀于飞行器表面，其合金可以做晶体管。原子序数为49；原子量114.82；熔点是156.61°C；沸点为2,000°C；比重7.31；原子价为1,2,3 参见 element〔actinium〕A radioactive element found in uranium ores, used in equilibrium with its decay products as a source of alpha rays. Its longest lived isotope is Ac 227 with a half-life of 21.7 years. Atomic number 89; melting point 1,050°C; boiling point (estimated) 3,200°C; specific gravity (calculated) 10.07; valence 3. See table at element 锕：一种在铀矿中发现的放射性元素，作为阿尔法射线能源增入点用于与其衰变产物的平衡过程中，其最长的活同位素是半衰期为21.7年的锕227。原子序数为89；熔点为1,050摄氏度；（估计的）沸点为3,200摄氏度；（计算出的）比重为10.07；原子价为3 参见 element〔cobalt〕A hard, brittle metallic element, found associated with nickel, silver, lead, copper, and iron ores and resembling nickel and iron in appearance. It is used chiefly for magnetic alloys, high-temperature alloys, and in the form of its salts for blue glass and ceramic pigments. Atomic number 27; atomic weight 58.9332; melting point 1,495°C; boiling point 2,900°C; specific gravity 8.9; valence 2, 3. See table at element 钴：一种硬而脆的金属元素，与镍、银、铅、铜和铁矿石一起存在，外表像镍和铁。它主要用于磁合金、高温合金、以盐的形式用于蓝色玻璃和陶瓷颜料。原子序数27；原子量58.9332；熔点1,495°C；沸点2,900°C；比重8.9；原子价2，3 参见 element〔vanadium〕A bright white, soft, ductile metallic element found in several minerals, notably vanadinite and carnotite, having good structural strength and used in rust-resistant high-speed tools, as a carbon stabilizer in some steels, as a titanium-steel bonding agent, and as a catalyst. Atomic number 23; atomic weight 50.942; melting point 1,890°C; boiling point 3,000°C; specific gravity 6.11; valence 2, 3, 4, 5. See table at element 钒：存在于多种矿物质中，特别是钒铅矿和钒钾钠矿中的一种亮白色、柔软且可延展的金属元素，具有良好的结构强度，用于防锈的高速工具，例如在某些金属中的炭稳定剂，作为钛金属的黏结剂，以及作为催化剂。原子序数23；原子量50.942；熔点1,890°C；沸点3,000°C；比重6.11；原子价2，3，4，5 参见 element〔quadrivalent〕Having a valence of four; tetravalent.四价的；四个原子价的〔magnesium〕A light, silvery-white, moderately hard metallic element that in ribbon or powder form burns with a brilliant white flame. It is used in structural alloys, pyrotechnics, flash photography, and incendiary bombs. Atomic number 12; atomic weight 24.312; melting point 649°C; boiling point 1,090°C; specific gravity 1.74 (at 20°C); valence 2. See table at element 镁：一种质轻、银白色的成条状或粉状的中性硬度金属元素，燃烧时有很亮的白色火焰。用于建筑方面的合金、焰火、闪光灯或燃烧弹。原子序号12；原子量24.312；熔点649°C；沸点1,090°C；比重1.74(20°C时）；原子价2 参见 element〔oxidation〕A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased.氧化：一种某个元素的原子失去电子后它的原子价相应增加的反应〔radium〕A rare, brilliant white, luminescent, highly radioactive metallic element found in very small amounts in uranium ores, having 13 isotopes with mass numbers between 213 and 230, of which radium 226 with a half-life of 1,622 years is the most common. It is used in cancer radiotherapy, as a neutron source for some research purposes, and as a constituent of luminescent paints. Atomic number 88; melting point 700°C; boiling point 1,737°C; valence 2. See table at element 镭：一种稀有的、有白色光泽、发光、高度放射性的金属元素，极少量地存在于沥青矿中，有13种同位素，质量数介于213和230之间，最常见的为镭226，半衰期为1,622年。镭可用于癌症的放射治疗，在其它一些研究中用作中子源，还可用作发光颜料的成分。原子序数88；熔点700°C；沸点1,737°C；原子价2 参见 element〔valence〕The combining capacity of an atom or a radical determined by the number of electrons that it will lose, add, or share when it reacts with other atoms.化合价，原子价：原子或原子团与其它原子结合的能力是由它在与其它的原子结合时所丢失、增加或共享的电子的数目决定的〔protactinium〕A rare, extremely toxic, radioactive element chemically similar to uranium, having 13 known isotopes, the most common of which is protactinium 231 with a half-life of 32,480 years. Atomic number 91; melting point 1,230°C; specific gravity 15.37; valence 4, 5. See table at element 镤：一种稀有的、剧毒放射性元素，在化学性质上与铀相似。有十三个已知的同位素，其中最常见的是半衰期为32,480年的镤231。原子序数为91；熔点1,230°C；比重15.37；原子价4, 5 参见 element〔reduce〕To decrease the valence of (an atom) by adding electrons.降低原子价：通过加入电子来减少（原子的）电子价〔sodium〕A soft, light, extremely malleable silver-white metallic element that reacts explosively with water, is naturally abundant in combined forms, especially in common salt, and is used in the production of a wide variety of industrially important compounds. Atomic number 11; atomic weight 22.99; melting point 97.8°C; boiling point 892°C; specific gravity 0.971; valence 1. See table at element 钠：一种软、轻、极有伸展性的银白色金属元素，和水起爆炸反应，化合的形式较丰富，尤其是以普通盐的形式存在，在很多种重要的工业化合产品的生产中得到广泛应用。原子序数11；原子量22.99；熔点97.8°C；沸点892°C；比重0.971；原子价1 参见 element〔hexyl〕The hydrocarbon radical, C6H 13, having valence 1. 己基：碳氢化合物基，C6H 13，原子价为1 〔promethium〕A radioactive rare-earth element prepared by fission of uranium or by neutron bombardment of neodymium, having 14 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 141 to 154 and used as a source of beta rays. Atomic number 61; melting point 1,168°C; boiling point 2,460°C; valence 3. See table at element 钜：放射性稀土元素，由铀分裂或钛的中子爆炸而成，有十四个拥有从141到154的质量数的同位素，用作β射线源。原子序数61；熔点1,168°C；沸点2,460°C；原子价为3 参见 element〔thorium〕A radioactive silvery-white metallic element that is recovered commercially from monazite. Its longest-lived isotope, the only one that occurs naturally, is Th 232 with a half-life of 1.41 × 1010 years. It is used in magnesium alloys, and isotope 232 is a source of nuclear energy. Atomic number 90; atomic weight 232.038; approximate melting point 1,750°C; approximate boiling point 4,500°C; approximate specific gravity 11.7; valence 4. See table at element 钍：一种商业上从独居石中提取的放射性银白色金属元素，其自然界中寿命最长的同位素是钍232，半衰期为141×1010年。用于镁合金，同位素232是核能的来源。原子序数90；原子量232.038；熔点约为1,750°C；沸点约为4,500°C；比重约为11.7；原子价为4 参见 element〔potassium〕A soft, silver-white, highly or explosively reactive metallic element that occurs in nature only in compounds. It is obtained by electrolysis of its common hydroxide and found in, or converted to, a wide variety of salts used especially in fertilizers and soaps. Atomic number 19; atomic weight 39.102; melting point 63.65°C; boiling point 774°C; specific gravity 0.862; valence 1. See table at element 钾：只以化合物形式存在的柔软的，银白色的，极为活泼的金属元素。这种元素通过将其常见的氢氧化物进行电解而得到，存在于或转化成各种各样的盐，这些盐尤用于制造化肥及肥皂。原子序数为19；原子量39.102；熔点63.65°C；沸点774°C；比重为0.862；原子价为1 参见 element〔oxygen〕A nonmetallic element constituting 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume that occurs as a diatomic gas, O2, and in many compounds such as water and iron ore. It combines with most elements, is essential for plant and animal respiration, and is required for nearly all combustion. Atomic number 8; atomic weight 15.9994; melting point -218.4°C; boiling point -183.0°C; gas density at 0°C 1.429 grams per liter; valence 2. See table at element 氧：一种非金属元素，按体积算占空气的21%，它是一种双原子气体O2，存在于许多化合物如水和铁矿物中。它与许多元素化合，对植物和动物呼吸是根本必需的，几乎所有的燃烧都要求有氧。原子序数是8；原子量是15.9994；熔点是-218.4°C；沸点是-183.0°C；气体密度是0°C时一升为1.429克； 原子价是2 参见 element〔tungsten〕A hard, brittle, corrosion-resistant, gray to white metallic element extracted from wolframite, scheelite, and other minerals, having the highest melting point and lowest vapor pressure of any metal. Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature structural materials; in electrical elements, notably lamp filaments; and in instruments requiring thermally compatible glass-to-metal seals. Atomic number 74; atomic weight 183.85; melting point 3,410°C; boiling point 5,900°C; specific gravity 19.3 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Also called wolfram See table at element 钨：一种坚硬、易碎 、耐腐蚀的金属元素，颜色从灰到白，主要从黑钨矿、白钨矿和其它矿物中提取出来，它是所有金属中熔点最高，气压最低的金属。钨及钨合金可用于耐温的建筑材料；电子元件，主要是白炽灯丝；以及要求热度上兼容的玻璃至金属的密封装置的仪器。原子序数74；原子量183.85；熔点3,410°C；沸点5,900°C；比重19.3(20°C)；原子价2,3,4,5,6 也作 wolfram 参见 element〔tin〕Symbol Sn A malleable, silvery metallic element obtained chiefly from cassiterite. It is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion and is a part of numerous alloys, such as soft solder, pewter, type metal, and bronze. Atomic number 50; atomic weight 118.69; melting point 231.89°C; boiling point 2,270°C; specific gravity 7.31; valence 2, 4. See table at element 符号 Sn 锡：一种银白色可延展的金属元素，主要从锡石中获取。它用于包裹其它金属以防止腐蚀，它也是各种合金，如软焊料、白腊、铅字合金和青铜的一部分。原子序数50；原子量为118.69；熔点231.89°C；沸点2,270°C；比重7.31；原子价2,4 参见 element〔titanium〕A strong, low-density, highly corrosion-resistant, lustrous white metallic element that occurs widely in igneous rocks and is used to alloy aircraft metals for low weight, strength, and high-temperature stability. Atomic number 22; atomic weight 47.90; melting point 1,660°C; boiling point 3,287°C; specific gravity 4.54; valence 2, 3, 4. See table at element 钛：一种坚固、低密度、高度抗腐蚀的带光泽的白色金属元素，广泛存在于火成岩中，由于其质量轻，牢固和抗高温的性能被用于做飞行器的合金。原子序数22；原子量47.90；熔点1,660°C；沸点3,287°C；比重4.54；原子价2,3,4 参见 element〔tungstic〕Of, relating to, or containing tungsten, especially with valence 6.钨的：属于、关于或含有钨的，尤指原子价是6的钨的〔butyl〕A hydrocarbon radical, C4H 9, with the structure of butane and valence 1. 丁基：一种碳氢化合的基团，C4H 9，具有丁烷的结构，原子价为1 〔ruthenium〕A hard white acid-resistant metallic element that is found in platinum ores and is used to harden platinum and palladium for jewelry and in alloys for nonmagnetic wear-resistant instrument pivots and electrical contacts. Atomic number 44; atomic weight 101.07; melting point 2,310°C; boiling point 3,900°C; specific gravity 12.41; valence 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. See table at element 钌：一种坚硬的白色抗酸金属元素，在铂矿中可找到它，用于加固铂和钯以制成宝石和化合成非磁性的抗磨损的工具枢纽和电接触器。原子序数44；原子量101.07；熔点2,310°C；沸点3,900°C；比重12.41；原子价0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 参见 element〔cobaltic〕Of or containing cobalt, especially with a valence of 3.钴的：属于或含有钴的，尤指原子价为3的〔silver〕Symbol Ag A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element, occurring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of the metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed circuits. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 960.8°C; boiling point 2,212°C; specific gravity 10.50; valence 1, 2. See table at element 符号 Ag 银：一种白色有光泽、韧性的可延展的金属元素，单独或结合在铁矿石如银辉石中，在金属中导热和导电性能最好。用它作珠宝，银器和其它装饰品时价格很高，还广泛用于铸币、照相、镶牙用和焊接用的合金、电接触器和印刷电路。原子序数47；原子量107.868；熔点960.8°C；沸点2,212°C；比重10.50；原子价1或2 参见 element〔dysprosium〕A soft, silvery rare-earth element used in nuclear research. Atomic number 66; atomic weight 162.50; melting point 1,407°C; boiling point 2,600°C; specific gravity 8.536; valence 3. See table at element 镝：一种用于核研究的柔软银色稀土元素，原子序数为66；原子重为162.50；熔点1,407°C；沸点2,600°C；特别比重8.536；原子价为3 参见 element〔lanthanum〕A soft, silvery-white, malleable, ductile, metallic rare-earth element, obtained chiefly from monazite and bastnaesite and used in glass manufacture and with other rare earths in carbon lights for movie and television studio lighting. Atomic number 57; atomic weight 138.91; melting point 920°C; boiling point 3,469°C; specific gravity 5.98 to 6.186; valence 3. See table at element 镧：一种质软、银白色、有延展性的、可塑性的稀有金属，主要是从独居石和氟碳铈矿中提取出来，用于玻璃工业及电影或电视摄影照明的碳棒灯中。原子序数57；原子量138.91；熔点920°C；沸点3,496°C；比重5.98到6.186；原子价3 参见 element〔hafnium〕A brilliant, silvery, metallic element separated from ores of zirconium and used in nuclear reactor control rods, as a getter for oxygen and nitrogen, and in the manufacture of tungsten filaments. Atomic number 72; atomic weight 178.49; melting point 2,220°C; boiling point 5,400°C; specific gravity 13.3; valence 4. See table at element 铪：一种锆矿中分离出来的亮银色金属元素，用于核反应堆的控制棒，可形成氧气和氮气的保护膜，还用于钨丝的制造。原子序数72；原子量178.49；熔点2,220°C；沸点5,400°C；比重13.3；原子价4 参见 element〔oxidize〕To increase the positive charge or valence of (an element) by removing electrons.氧化：通过除去一个元素电子来增加电性或原子价〔atomicity〕The number of atoms in a molecule.原子数，原子价，化合价：单质分子中的原子数〔univalent〕Having only one valence.仅有一个原子价的〔fluorine〕A pale-yellow, highly corrosive, poisonous, gaseous halogen element, the most electronegative and most reactive of all the elements, used in a wide variety of industrially important compounds. Atomic number 9; atomic weight 18.9984; freezing point -219.62°C; melting point -223°C; boiling point -188.14°C; specific gravity of liquid 1.108 (at boiling point); valence 1. See table at element 氟：一种浅黄色、强腐蚀性、有毒的气态卤素，是带有最强的负电性和最强抗电性的元素，被广泛应用于多种重要的工业化合物中。原子数为9；原子量为18.9984；凝点为-219.62°C；溶点为-223°C；沸点为-188.14°C；特定液态引力为1.108（于沸点）；原子价为1 参见 element〔berkelium〕A synthetic transuranic radioactive element having 9 isotopes with mass numbers from 243 to 250 and half-lives from 3 hours to 1,380 years. Atomic number 97; melting point 986°C; valence 3, 4. See table at element 锫：一种人造的铀后放射元素，有9个大数字的同位素，从243到250，半衰期从3小时到1,380年。原子序数为97；熔点986°C；原子价3，4 参见 element |
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