| 单词 | 原本 |
| 释义 | 〔Winnebago〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the Green Bay area of Wisconsin, with present-day populations in Wisconsin and Nebraska.温内贝戈人：原本居住在美国威斯康星州格林贝地区的美洲土著人，现在人口聚集在威斯康星州和内布拉斯加州〔originally〕originally named Johnston.他原本名叫庄士顿〔mothball〕A marble-sized ball, originally of camphor but now of naphthalene, stored with clothes to repel moths.卫生球：一种弹子大小的球，原本由樟脑制成，现在由荼制成，与衣物存在一起以驱除蛾子〔Toronto〕The capital and largest city of Ontario, Canada, in the southern part of the province on Lake Ontario. Originally a French trading post, it was founded as York by the British in 1793 and renamed as Toronto in 1834. Toronto is an important Great Lakes port and an industrial center. Population, 599,217.多伦多：加拿大安大略省首府和最大城市，位于该省南部安大略湖边。原本为法国人的商品集散地，1793年英国人建立该城，名为约克，1834年重新被命名为多伦多。多伦多是一个重要的五大湖区的港口和工业中心。人口599,217〔doodle〕One might wonder what, if any, connection exists amongYankee Doodle, a doodlebug, and the doodle that one draws when one is bored or abstracted. The worddoodle in the latter two uses may come from a Low German word meaning "fool.”"Fool,” the first (and now probably obsolete) sense of the worddoodle to be recorded in English (1628),would seem naturally to have been used inYankee Doodle, the name of a tune composed in 1755 to mock the American colonists. However, the origin ofDoodle in this expression is unknown; it may be fromtootle, because the piece was apparently composed originally for flute or fife.In the case ofdoodlebug, it is thought that doodle, meaning "simpleton,” is the first part of the insect name.The sense "absent-minded scrawl" may come directly from the sense "fool"or from a British dialectal verb, meaning "to cheat, fritter time away,”that was derived from the noun sense "fool.”人们也许会问YonkeeDoodle， doodlebug， 和意思为心不在焉地乱涂的 doodle 之间有无联系。 单词doodle 在后两种用法中大概来自低地德语中， 意思为“傻瓜”的一个单词。“傻瓜”，doodle 的第一含义（现在可能已不再用）， 英文记载是在1628年，被用在1755年谱成的用来讽刺美国殖民者的曲子YankeeDoodle 中。 然而，在该表达中Doodle 的词源尚不清楚； 也许来自tootle， 因为该曲原本很明显是用笛子或横笛演奏的。在doodlebug 中， doodle 被认为意思为“傻瓜”， 是昆虫名的第一部分。“心不在焉地乱涂”可能直接来自“傻瓜”，或者来自英国方言动词，意为“欺骗，打发时间”的，这个动词来源于名词“傻瓜”〔original〕Being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or translation is made.被复制的：复印、再造或翻译的原本的〔Wheelock〕American cleric and educator who founded Dartmouth College, originally for the education of Native Americans, and served as its first president (1769-1779).惠洛克，以利札：(1711-1779) 美国神职人员及教育学家，他建立了达特默思大学，该大学原本是为印第安人的教育而设，他就任第一任校长(1769-1779年）〔contain〕Four hundred inmates were crowded into a prison intended to accommodate 200. 原本容纳二百人的监狱被塞进了四百个犯人 〔modern〕The wordmodern, first recorded in 1585 in the sense "of present or recent times,” has traveled through the centuriesdesignating things that inevitably must become old-fashionedas the word itself goes on to the next modern thing.We have now invented the wordpostmodern, as if we could finally fixmodern in time, but evenpostmodern (first recorded in 1949) will seem fusty in the end, perhaps sooner thanmodern will. Going back to Late Latinmodernus, "modern,” which is derived frommodo in the sense "just now,” the English wordmodern (first recorded at the beginning of the 16th century) was not originally concerned with anything that could be later considered old-fashioned. It simply meant "being at this time, now existing,” an obsolete sense today.Beginning in the later 16th century, however, we see the word contrasted with the wordancient and also used of technology in a way that is clearly related to our own modern way of using the word.Modern was being applied specifically to what pertained to present times and also to what was new and not old-fashioned.Thus in the 19th and 20th centuries the word could be used to designate a movement in art,which is now being followed by postmodernism.单词modern 首次于1585年以“现在的或最近的时代”的意义被记载， 它已经历了数个世纪，表明必然会变得过时的事物，就象这个词本身也会继续走向更加现代。现在我们已发明了单词postmodern， 仿佛我们终于能及时固定住modern 的了， 但即使是postmodern （首次于1949年记载）最终也会显得过时， 也许比modern 更快。 可追溯至近代拉丁词modernus “现代的”， 源自表示“刚才”意思的modo ， 英语单词modern （首先在16世纪初被记载）原本与后来被认为过时的事物没有任何联系。 它只意味着“现时的，现存的”，今天已废弃了的一个意思。然而从16世纪晚期我们看到这个词成为ancient 的反义词并且用于科技， 其意义与我们现在使用的意义明显相关。Modern 当时特指现时的事物， 也指新的且不过时的事物。因此在19世纪和20世纪这个词能被用来表示艺术上的一个运动，现在尾随其后的是后现代主义〔Diaspora〕diaspora A dispersion of an originally homogeneous entity, such as a language or a culture: diaspora 传播：原本同一种民族实体的传播，比如语言或文化：〔gild〕To make superfluous additions to what is already complete.画蛇添足：对原本已很完整的东西作多余的添加〔Diaspora〕diaspora A dispersion of an originally homogeneous people. diaspora 移居：原本同一种族人群的迁移〔Mameluke〕A member of a former military caste, originally composed of slaves from Turkey, that held the Egyptian throne from about 1250 until 1517 and remained powerful until 1811.马穆鲁克：以前一个军事集团的成员，该集团原本是由土耳其的奴隶组成，约从1250年至1517年，这个集团控制着埃及的政权，直到1811年仍有影响力〔cloy〕To cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit.使生厌，倒胃口：通过提供过量的原本喜欢的东西导致不喜欢、厌恶，尤指油腻或香甜的食物；过量过度〔kludge〕A system, especially a computer system, that is constituted of poorly matched elements or of elements originally intended for other applications.杂牌电脑，组装机：由勉强搭配的元件或原本用于其它用途的元件组成的系统，尤其指电脑系统〔Illinois〕A confederacy of Native American peoples formerly inhabiting southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and parts of eastern Iowa and Missouri, with present-day descendants mostly in Oklahoma.伊利诺斯联盟：美国土著人的一个部落联盟，原本居住在威斯康星州南部，伊利诺斯州北部和衣阿华州和密苏里州东部的一些地区，今天其后代大多数居住在俄克拉荷马州〔primitive〕Not derived from something else; primary or basic.基本的：不是从它物派生的；原本的或基本的〔originally〕With reference to origin:原本地：与起源有关地：〔positive〕Having the areas of light and dark in their original and normal relationship, as in a photographic print made from a negative.正片的：使明暗区处于它们原本及正常的关系中的，如位于从底片印出的相片上〔themed〕Their disapproval may stem from the inference that this adjectival participle must come from a verb "to theme,” rather than from the nountheme (as left-handed comes from the noun hand ). Although many common verbs, such as telephone, began their lives as nouns, there is often very strong resistance when a noun first begins to be used as a verb. There are indeed instances of theme being used as a verb, but they are relatively rare—a fact that seems to suit the Usage Panel. Ninety-two percent reject the sentence 他们不赞同的理由或许源自于此形容词themed应该自动词"to theme（设计主题）”而来，而不是从名词theme 而来（如 left-handed 源自名词 hand ）。虽然许多普通动词原本是名词，如 telephone ，但当名词开始当动词用时常会引起激烈反对。事实上像 theme 这样用作动词的例子相对较少——看来它较迎合用法专家小组。92%的小组成员反对此句型 〔claque〕[of imitative origin] [原本摹仿的] 〔tattoo〕The practice of tattooing the body is prehistoric,but the English wordtattoo was introduced fairly recently. Our word came from Polynesian languages such as Tahitian and Samoanand was introduced to English speakers by the explorer Capt. James Cook (who also gave us the wordtaboo ). The earliest use of the verbtattoo in English is found in 1769 in his account of a voyage around the world from 1768 to 1771. Cook also used a noun in his writings of 1769but treated it as a native wordso he is not given credit for the first use of the noun in English (recorded in 1777).In any event,sailors introduced the custom into Europe from the Pacific societies in which it was practiced,and it has remained associated with sailors,although many other people have tattoos as well.尽管在身体上刺出花纹这一做法在史前就已存在，但英语中tattoo 一词却是在距离现在较近的时候才被引入的。 我们这个词源于塔西提语或萨摩亚语等波利尼西亚语族，它是由探险家詹姆斯·库克船长介绍给英语使用者的（库克同时也给了我们taboo 一词）。 动词tattoo 在英语中的首次使用见于库克关于他在1768年-1771年所做的一次环球航行记录中。 库克在他1769年的日志中也把这个词用作一个名词，但因为他只是把它作为一个土著人的词汇对待，所以人们不认为他是第一个在英语中使用该词名词形式的人（记录于1777年）。但不管怎样，是水手们将这种原本是太平洋岛屿社会中的习俗带入欧洲的，所以直到今天这种做法仍然和水手们联系在一起，虽然各种职业的人们都在身上刺花纹〔Steuben〕Prussian-born American Revolutionary military leader who trained the previously undisciplined troops under Gen. George Washington.施托伊本，弗雷德里希·威廉·鲁道夫·格哈德·奥古斯丁·冯：(1730-1794) 普鲁士裔美国独立战争军事领导人，他训练了乔治·华盛顿将军领导的原本无纪律的军队〔difference〕Divergence suggests an often gradually increasing difference between things originally similar: Divergence 是指原本相似的事物间逐渐增加的差异 〔beaverboard〕[Originally a trademark] [原本为一商标] 〔retronym〕A word or phrase created because an existing term that was once used alone needs to be distinguished from a term referring to a new development, asacoustic guitar in contrast to electric guitar or analog watch in contrast to digital watch. 新词，后词：一个原本独自存在的词语，因必须与另一个表示新变化的词语区别，而创造出来的字或词组，例如acoustic guitar（民谣吉他） 相对于 electric guitar（电吉他） ， analog watch（有长短针手表） 相对于 digital watch（数字手表） 〔unruly〕"a lively child, who had been spoilt and indulged, and therefore was sometimes wayward" (Charlotte Brontë).“原本是一个活泼可爱的小孩，可因为被宠惯了，所以有时也会刚愎自用，任性倔强” （夏洛蒂·勃朗特）〔mix〕"He diffuses a tone and spirit of unity, that blends, and (as it were) fuses, each into each" (Samuel Taylor Coleridge).“他创造了一种团结的气氛和精神，他们相互合并交融（正如它原本应该的情况） （塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治）〔truth〕"merely corroborative detail, intended to give artistic verisimilitude to an otherwise bald and unconvincing narrative" (W.S. Gilbert). “试图赋予一原本枯燥而不可信的叙述以艺术真实性的区区确定性细节” (W.S.吉尔伯特）〔showcase〕These uses clearly preserve the metaphoric sense of a showcase in which a commodity is displayed to advantage.But other uses of the verb take it further from its original sense.It is used to mean simply "to hold up to admiration,”even when the object is not something that can be hired or purchased: 这些用法很明显地保留了展示商品以获得利益的陈列柜的喻意。但是这个动词的其它一些用法则与其原本意义相差更远，它被用于表示“展示以获得赞赏”的意思，即使物体并不是什么可出租或出售的东西： |
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