| 单词 | 参考 |
| 释义 | 〔verify〕To determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or reference:核实；查对；查清：通过比较、调查或参考等来确定或考查…的真实性或确切性：〔encyclopedia〕The wordencyclopedia, which to us usually means a large set of books, descends from a phrase that involved coming to grips with the contents of such books.The Greek phrase isenkuklios paideia, made up of enkuklios, "cyclical, periodic, ordinary,” and paideia, "education,” and meaning "general education, literally the arts and sciences that a person should study to be liberally educated.”Copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be the Greek wordenkuklopaedia, with the same meaning, and this spurious Greek word became the New Latin wordencyclopaedia, coming into English with the sense "general course of instruction,” first recorded in 1531.In New Latin the word was chosen as the title of a reference work covering all knowledge.The first such use in English is recorded in 1644.单词encyclopedia 对我们而言通常是指一大套书， 来源于一个涉及掌握这类书内容的短语。希腊片语enkuklios paideia 是由下列两个词组成的 enkuklios “循环的，周期性，平常的”以及 paideia “教育”， 含义是“普通教育，从字面上说就是一个想接受通才教育的人所应该学习的艺术和科学知识”。拉丁文手稿的抄录者将此片语当成了带有相同词义的希腊词enkuklopaedia ， 而该谬传的希腊词又构成为新拉丁语词encyclopaedia ， 带着其“指导教育的普遍课程”之语意又进入英语，最先记载于1531年。在新拉丁语中该词被选中作为一本覆盖各科知识的参考著作的书名。在英国首次这样的用法记载于1644年〔physique〕The body considered with reference to its proportions, muscular development, and appearance:体格，体形：参考其比例、肌肉发展和外形来考虑的身体：〔altitude〕The height of a thing above a reference level, especially above sea level or above the earth's surface.See Synonyms at elevation 高度；海拔：在某个参考平面，特别是海平面或地面以上一个物体的高度 参见 elevation〔commit〕To consign for future use or reference or for preservation:交付，保管：为将来使用、参考或保存而寄存：〔azimuth〕The horizontal angle of the observer's bearing in surveying, measured clockwise from a referent direction, as from the north, or from a referent celestial body, usually Polaris.方位角：观察者通过测量所具有的水平角度，从某一参考方向顺时针测量，如从北部或从参考天体处，通常从北极星〔quote〕Middle English coten [to mark a book with numbers or marginal references] 中古英语 coten [在书中标上数码或旁注性参考] 〔grammar〕A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.规范文法：为教学或参考目的设定的，由一组通常或惯用的规则组成的标准〔areocentric〕Of or relating to a reference system based at the center of the planet Mars.以火星为中心的：以火星为中心的参考体系的，或与其相关的〔section〕This character used as the fourth in a series of reference marks for footnotes.第四脚注符：用作脚注的一系列参考说明中表示第四个的符号〔Gesner〕Swiss encyclopedist and naturalist who published an annotated bibliography of all known books in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew (1545-1549). HisHistoria Animalium (1551-1558) is considered the basis of modern zoology. 格斯勒，康拉德·冯：(1516-1565) 瑞士百科全书编纂者和博物学家。他出版了一本以拉丁、希腊和希伯来语写的所有知名书籍的有注释参考目录（1545-1549年）。他的《历史上的动物》 （1551-1558年）被认为是现代动物学的基础 〔reference〕An act of referring:参考：参考的行为：〔rhubarb〕The wordrhubarb may contain two hidden references to its origins. The first of these is in therhu- part of the word, which can be traced back to the Greek wordrha, meaning "rhubarb.”According to the Late Latin historian Ammianus Marcellinus,rhubarb was namedrha because it grew near the river namedRha, which we know as the Volga. The-barb part of rhubarb was actually added first to Late Latin rha, descended from Greek rha, in the form rhabarbarum, barbarum being the neuter form of barbarus, "foreign.” Another Greek word for rhubarb,rhēon, influenced the Late Latin word rhabarbarum, giving usreubarbarum, which yielded Old Frenchreubarbe. The Old French form gave us Middle Englishrubarbe, first recorded in a work written around 1390.In imitation of the way the Greek wordrha is spelled, anh was added, completing the long journey of this word into English from the banks of the Volga in classical times.单词rhubarb 可能包含两个关于其语源的隐藏的参考信息。 第一个是单词中的rhu- 部分， 它可追溯到希腊单词rha， 意为“大黄。”根据后期拉丁历史学家阿米亚诺斯·马塞勒斯的意见，大黄被命名为rha， 因为它生长在我们称之为伏尔加河的Rha 河附近。 Rhubarb 中的 -barb 实际上最初以 rhabarbarum 的形式加在由希腊语 rha 传下来的后期拉丁语 rha 上， barbarum作为 barbarus （“异族的”）的中性形式。 另一个表大黄的希腊单词rheon 影响了后期拉丁单词 rhabarbarum， 让我们得到单词reubarbarum， 并由此产生了古法语词reubarbe 。 该古法语形式产生了中世纪英语rubarbe， 首次记录在写于1390年左右的一本著作中。模仿希腊单词rha 拼写的方式， 再加上一个h， 从而完成了这个词从古代伏尔加河岸转变到英语的漫长历程〔Laodicean〕[Adj., sense 2, in reference to Revelation 3:14-16] [形容词，意思二参考启示一词3：14-16] 〔geezer〕A relationship with a word we know well is disguised in the wordgeezer. A clue to this relationship is found in British dialect.TheEnglish Dialect Dictionary defines geezer as "a queer character, a strangely-acting person,” and refers the reader toguiser, "a mummer, masquerader.” The citations forguiser refer to practices such as the following: "People, usually children . . . go about on Christmas Eve, singing, wearing masks, or otherwise disguised,”the last word of this passage being the one to whichgeezer is related. 我们非常了解的与一个单词的联系即在于单词geezer 。 这种联系的线索发现于英国方言中。英语方言辞典 定义 geezer 为“一个奇怪的人，一个行为怪异的人”， 并且让读者参考guiser， “化妆舞会，假面舞会”。 guiser 的例句指出了一些活动， 例如：“大人，通常是孩子…戴着面具或以其他化妆方式在圣诞前夜走出去唱歌。”这段文章的最后一个单词即是geezer 与之有关的那一个 〔resort〕referred to his notes to refresh his memory;参考他的笔记以唤起记忆；〔grade〕The level at which the ground surface meets the foundation of a building.参考水准面：地表面与建筑物基础相遇的高度〔reference〕The state of being related or referred:相关：被提及或被参考的状态：〔datum〕pl. da.tums A point, line, or surface used as a reference, as in surveying, mapping, or geology.【复数】 da.tums 资料：用作参考的点、线或面，如在调查、制图或地理中〔refer〕To make mention or reference.参照：引证或参考〔see〕To admit or receive, as for consultation or a social visit:会晤：使进来或接见，如为了参考建议或社交拜访：〔ground〕An area of reference or discussion; a subject:范围，话题：参考或讨论的范围；话题：〔come〕To be within a given range or spectrum of reference or application:合乎：在给定范围内，在参考或应用领域中：〔dictionary〕A list of words stored in machine-readable form for reference as by spelling-checking software.电脑字典：以机器可读形式存储的单词表，用拼写检查软件进行参考〔axis〕A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate system.座标轴：坐标系中测量距离和角的参考线〔chrominance〕The difference between one color and a reference color of the same brightness and chromaticity.色差：一种颜色与另一个同亮度和色度的参考颜色之间的不同〔highlight〕To mark (important passages of text) with a usually fluorescent marker as a means of memory retention or for later reference.标示记号：用荧光笔标出（文本中重要的段落）以便帮助记忆或日后查找参考〔azimuth〕The horizontal angular distance from a reference direction, usually the northern point of the horizon, to the point where a vertical circle through a celestial body intersects the horizon, usually measured clockwise. Sometimes the southern point is used as the reference direction, and the measurement is made clockwise through 360°.方位角，方位：从某一参考方向测量的地平线的角距离，通常指从地平线北端到通过天体和地平线相交的垂直的圆周上的某一点，一般顺时针测量。有时南部的点作为参考方向，以360°为标准做顺时针测量〔reference〕A note in a publication referring the reader to another passage or source.参考书目：提示读者参考另外的篇章或资料的出版物注解〔bibliography〕A list of writings used or considered by an author in preparing a particular work.作者参考书目：某一作者在准备某一著作时用到或参考的作品目录〔reference〕"Our memories are addressed and referenced . . . by significant fragments of their own content"(Frederick Turner)“我们的回忆是被它们自己内容的重要部分所引述和参考的”(弗雷德里克·特纳)〔documentation〕The collation, synopsizing, and coding of printed material for future reference.材料整理：以备将来参考的书面材料的整理、摘要和编码〔re〕In reference to; in the case of; concerning.参考，依照；如果；关于〔quote〕To cite or refer to for illustration or proof.引证，举例：为了阐述或证明而引用或参考…〔abstract〕Thought of or stated without reference to a specific instance:表抽象概念的：无具体例子作参考来思考或陈述的： |
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