| 单词 | 友善 |
| 释义 | 〔counterintuitive〕"Scientists made clear what may at first seem counterintuitive, that the capacity to be pleasant toward a fellow creature is hard work"(Natalie Angier)“科学家澄清了起初看似反直觉的事情——对同类表示友善的胸襟是难能可贵的”(纳塔利·安吉尔)〔nurture〕foster friendly relations;促进友善的关系；〔misread〕misread our friendly concern as prying.将我们友善的关怀误解成间谍行为〔outgiving〕Friendly and responsive; outgoing.友好的：友好的且乐于助人的；友善的〔forthcoming〕Affable and outgoing:友善的；乐于助人的：〔clubby〕Friendly; sociable.友善的：友好的；好交际的〔friendly〕Favorably disposed; not antagonistic:友善的：表示赞赏的；不反对的：〔remember〕recalling her kindness;回想起她的友善；〔chum〕chummed around with the other teammates.同其他队友友善〔gentle〕Considerate or kindly in disposition; amiable and tender.友善的，和蔼的：性情体谅的或和蔼的；和善的，柔顺的〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的〔amity〕Peaceful relations, as between nations; friendship.和睦，友好，友善：国家间友好和平的关系；友谊〔missy〕Used as a familiar term of address for a young woman or girl.小姐：以友善的称呼方式称谓一女士或女孩〔kind〕Of a friendly, generous, or warm-hearted nature.友善的，好心的：友好的、宽宏大量的或热情的天性〔naive〕"this naive simple creature, with his straightforward and friendly eyes so eager to believe appearances" (Arnold Bennett).“这个天真的小家伙，友善率直的眼睛如此轻易相信表面现象” （阿诺德·贝内特）。〔caress〕To treat fondly, kindly, or favorably; cherish.珍爱：深情、友善或宠爱地对待；珍爱〔guise〕spoke to me under the guise of friendship.伪装成友善的样子对我说话〔sociable〕Pleasant, friendly, and affable.See Synonyms at gracious 愉快的，友好的和礼貌而友善的 参见 gracious〔Seattle〕Suquamish leader who befriended white settlers of the Pacific Northwest. The city of Seattle is named for him.西雅图：一个对西北太平洋沿岸地区的白人移民友善的苏夸米什族酋长。西雅图城以他的名字命名〔requital〕Return, as for an injury or a friendly act.补偿：回报，如为了某一伤害或友善的行为〔clever〕In the 17th and 18th centuries,in addition to its basic sense of "able to use the brain readily and effectively,” the wordclever acquired a constellation of imprecise but generally positive senses in regional British speech: "clean-limbed and handsome,” "neat and convenient to use,” and "of an agreeable disposition.”Some of these British regional senses, brought over when America was colonized,are still found in American regional speech,as in the South, whereclever can mean "good-natured, amiable,” in old-fashioned speech. The speech of New England extends the meaning "good-natured" to animalsin the specific sense of "easily managed, docile.”Perhaps it was the association with animals that gave rise to another meaning, "affable but not especially smart,”applicable to people when used in old-fashioned New England dialects.在17和18世纪时，clever 一词除了其基本含义“能够轻松、有效地用脑”外，还在英国方言中具有大量不准确但明确的含义， “身材匀称且英俊倜傥”、“整洁有序且便于使用”和“令人愉快的个性”。英国方言中的一部分含义是美国被殖民统治时传播开来，在美国方言中至今仍然可见，如在南部的旧式方言中，clever 可以表示“脾气好的、和蔼的”。 新英格兰方言把“脾气好的”意思拓展到动物，表示“易于管理的、温驯的”的特定含义。可能因其与动物有关而导致另一含义“友善但不是特别机敏”的产生，适用于使用旧式新英格兰方言的人〔fraternize〕To associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way.亲如兄弟：以兄弟般的或友善的方式与他人交往〔bonhomie〕A pleasant and affable disposition; geniality.和蔼，友好：亲切和蔼的性情；友善〔outgoing〕Sociable and responsive to others; friendly:友好的：好交际的且乐于助人的；友善的：〔debonair〕Affable; genial.友善的：和蔼可亲的；亲切的〔amicable〕Characterized by or exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; friendly.友好的，亲善的，温和的：具有友好或亲善特征或表现出友好或亲善的；友善的〔gracious〕enjoyed a sociable chat. ungracious 进行友善的闲谈 ungracious〔warmth〕Friendliness, kindness, or affection:友好、友善成喜爱：〔smile〕"She met his eye with her sweet hospitable smile" (Henry James). “她用甜美友善的微笑迎向他的目光” （亨利·詹姆斯）。 〔chatty〕Inclined to chat; friendly and talkative.喜欢唠叨的；友善的和健谈的〔friendship〕a policy of friendship toward other nations.对其他国家表示友善的政策〔friendly〕In the manner of a friend; amicably.朋友般地，友好地；亲密地，友善地 |
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