| 单词 | 双重 |
| 释义 | 〔dual〕Having a double character or purpose:有双重特点或目的的：〔of〕Grammarians have sometimes condemned categorically the so-called double genitive construction,as ina friend of my father's; a book of mine. The construction is well supported by literary precedent,however, and serves a useful purpose.Thus there is no substitute for the double genitive in a sentence such asThat's the only friend of yours that I've ever met, since sentences such asThat's your only friend that I've ever met and That's your only friend, whom I've ever met are obviously impossible. 语法学家有时谴责这种范畴上的双重所有格形式，如我父亲的朋友；我的一本书 。 这种结构为许多文学先进所支持，认为它们是很有用的。在一个如那是我曾经遇到的你唯一的朋友 的句子中双重所有格是没有替代式的， 因为句子如那是我曾遇到的你唯一的朋友 和 那是唯一一个我曾遇到的你的朋友 显然是完全不一样的 〔Auden〕British-born American writer and critic whose poems, published in collections such asThe Dance of Death (1933) and The Double Man (1941), established his importance in 20th-century literature. 奥登，威（斯坦）·于（格）：(1907-1973) 英裔美国作家及评论家，他的诗集，如《死亡之舞》 （1933年）和 《双重人》 （1941年）中的诗篇，奠定了他在20世纪文坛上的重要地位 〔cannot〕The idiomatic phrasecannot but has sometimes been criticized as a double negative, perhaps because it has been confused withcan but. Thebut of cannot but, however, means "except,” as it does in phrases such asno one but, while thebut of can but has the sense only, as it does in the sentenceWe had but a single bullet left. Bothcannot but and can but are established as standard expressions. · The constructioncannot help is used with a present participle to roughly the same effect as cannot but in a sentence such as We cannot help admiring his courage. But this construction is generally restricted to contextsin which a person is unable to affect an outcome that would normally be under his or her control.It would be more precise to sayWith all the public interest in the affair, the book cannot but attract the attention of reviewers (or . . . can but gain . . . )than to say the book cannot help attracting the attention of reviewers, which suggests that the book might have had a say in the matter. · The constructioncannot help but probably arose as a blend of cannot help and cannot but; it has the meaning of the first and the syntax of the second: 习语cannot but 有时候被判定为一种双重否定， 这也许是因为它已混淆于can but 。 然而cannot but 中的 but 表示“除了”， 就如用在象no one but 这样的短语中一样， 而can but 中的 but 意思却是 only（只有） ， 就如用在我们只剩下了一颗子弹 中那样。 cannot but 和 can but 都已被确定为标准的表达法。 cannot help 结构与现在分词同用的作用和 我们禁不住钦佩他的勇气 一句中的 cannot but 大致相同。 但这一结构通常只限于这种情况，即一个人在该情况下不能实现正常情况下处于他或她控制之下的结果。由于公众对该事件的浓厚兴趣，这本书理所当然地引起了评论家的注意 （或 …can but gain… ）的说法比暗示这本书在此事中想必有决定权的 这本书情不自禁地吸引了评论家的注意 说法要更为精确。 cannot help but 也许是来自 cannot help 和 cannet but 的混合； 它具有前者的意思和后者的句法结构： 〔binary〕Characterized by or consisting of two parts or components; twofold.双重的：以两部分或要素为特色的或由之组成的；两倍的〔razzmatazz〕Ambiguous or evasive language; double talk.不实之言：含糊或避开正题的言语；有双重意思的话〔mackle〕A blurred or double impression in printing.重影：印刷中模糊或双重印记〔Cathar〕A member of a heretical Christian sect that flourished in western Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries and professed a dualistic belief emphasizing ascetic renunciation of the world.清洁派成员：一种基督教异教派别的成员，该派别兴盛于12世纪与13世纪的西欧，怀有双重信仰，重点强调世界范围内放弃禁欲主义〔duplex〕Twofold; double.双重的；双倍的〔double〕Composed of two unlike parts; dual:双重的：由两个不同部分组成的；双重的：〔ravel〕To say that we will ravel the history ofravel is an ambiguous statement, given that history. Ravel comes from the obsolete Dutch verbravelen, "to tangle, fray out, unweave,” which comes in turn from the nounravel, "a loose thread.” We can see the ambiguity ofravel already in the notion of a loose thread, because threads can be loose when they are tangled or when they are untangling.The Dutch verb has both notions present in it,denoting both tangling and unweaving.In one of its earliest recorded uses in English (before 1585)the verb means "to become entangled or confused,”and in 1598 we find a use in the sense "to entangle.”But in 1611 the word is used with reference to a fabricin the sense "to fray out,”and in 1607 in the sense "to unwind, unweave, or unravel.”In 1582 we already have an author using the word in a figurative way to mean "to take to pieces or disentangle,”while in a work written before 1656 we have a figurative instance of the sense "to entangle or confuse.”Clearly there was a need for the wordunravel, which is first found in 1603, but strangely enoughit did not solve the problem,ravel retaining up to this day both "entangling" and "disentangling" senses. 说我们要解开ravel 这个词的历史， 只要“历史”的意思不变，这种说法本来就是含糊的。 Ravel 这个词来源于意为“纠缠，磨损掉，解开”的废荷兰语动词ravelen， 而这个词又是从意为“一束松线”的名词ravel 衍生而来的。 在这个意思中，我们已经能看到ravel 的双重意思， 因为一团线缠起来或被解开后都有可能松散。荷兰语的这个词两个意思都有，既指缠起来又指松开。 (1585年前）这个词在英语中第一次使用时，它是“变得纠缠在一起、和含混不清”的意思，1598年我们又发现了“使缠在一起”的意思。但1611年当这个词用于指纺织品时，它却是“使散开”的意思，1607年它的意思是“倒转，松开，打开。”1582年有一位作家已经使用这个词的比喻义“散成一片片或分开”，而在一部写于1656年前的著作中，又有“缠紧，弄混”的比喻意义。毫无疑问，出现于1603年的unravel 这个词有必要的存在， 但非常奇怪的是,这并没有解决ravel 这个词直到现在还有“缠紧”和“分开”这两个意思 〔double〕a double meaning; a double role for an actor.双关语；演员的双重角色〔Siamese〕siamese Of or being a Y-shaped dual connection between two pipes or hoses and a larger pipe or hose. siamese 二重联接的：在两个管道或软管与一较大的管道或软管之间的成丫型状的双重联接的〔Jewess〕As a Jewish woman, Rosa Luxemburg was doubly sensitive to the discrimination that underlay social attitudes in late 19th-century Europe. See Usage Note at Negress 作为一位犹太妇女，罗莎·卢森堡对欧洲19世纪后叶以来形成的社会态度中的歧视有双重的敏感 参见 Negress〔doubly〕In a twofold manner.双重地：用双重的方式〔rhythm〕duple meter). 双重节拍)。 〔hardly〕The use ofhardly with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such ashardly, rarely, and scarcely should be treated as negatives in the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences likeI couldn't hardly see him with the same brush as I didn't get none. After all, they argue, the sentenceMary hardly laughed entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't,and therefore does not express a negative proposition.Buthardly and scarcely occur with other negative expressions in a number of ways. For one thing, they combine with items such asany and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we sayI hardly saw him at all or I never saw him at all but notI occasionally saw him at all; we sayI hardly had any time or I didn't have any time but notI had any time, and so on. Like other negative adverbs,hardly triggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we sayHardly had I arrived when she left, on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Such inversion is not used with other adverbs:we would not sayOccasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such ashardly are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonoccurrence.Thus the meaning ofhardly is, roughly, "almost not at all"; the meaning ofrarely is "practically never"; and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative component in their meaning,and it should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to combinations ofhardly with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to combinations of pairs of negatives such as not and none. See Usage Note at double negative ,rarely ,scarcely Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免， 一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词， 这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了， 他们争论说，毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了， 而不是她没笑，所以不表示否定的建议。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现， 举例说，他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联系的条目组合在一起， 我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但并不是I occasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 象其它否定副词，hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装， 于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同样的句型。 别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Occasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的， 他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件。于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等。 这些副词在他们的意思里留有否定的成分，语法学家们对hardly 和否定词组合的反应和对一对否定词如 not 和 none组合的反应一样是不足为奇的 参见 double negative,rarely,scarcely〔chimera〕An organism produced by genetic engineering, in which DNA from distinct parent species is combined to produce an individual with a double chromosome complement.嵌合体：在遗传工程中所产生的有机体，在此过程中将不同亲本种类的DNA结合起来产生具有双重染色体配对的个体〔Samoa〕An island group of the southern Pacific Ocean east-northeast of Fiji, divided betweenAmerican Samoa and Western Samoa. The islands were originally populated by Polynesians perhaps as early as 1000 b.c. and were first sighted by European explorers in 1722. Dual administration of the archipelago was established by treaty in 1899. 萨摩亚：南太平洋上斐济东北偏东的一个岛群，被分为美属萨摩亚 和 西萨摩亚， 可能早在 公元前 一千年波利尼西亚人最初居住在此，1722年欧洲探险家首先发出此岛，1899年开始建立了合约规定的群岛双重管理 〔yataghan〕A Turkish sword or scimitar having a double-curved blade and an eared pommel, but lacking a handle guard.穆斯林弯刀：一种土耳其短刀或弯刀，有双重弯曲的刀刃和耳状的刀把头，但缺少护手的把柄 |
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