| 单词 | 反面 |
| 释义 | 〔dystopian〕"AIDS is one of the dystopian harbingers of the global village"(Susan Sontag)“爱滋病是地球村反面乌托邦式的先驱”(苏珊·桑塔格)〔dystopian〕Of or relating to a dystopia.反面乌托邦的：反面乌托邦的或与之有关的〔coin〕One of two differing or opposing views or sides.反面，反面意见：两个不同的或相反的观点和方面之一〔Axminster〕A carpet with stiff backing and a soft, colorful cut pile usually arranged in a complex pattern.羊毛织花地毡：反面坚挺，正面由柔软、彩色的软绒雕成通常为复杂图案的地毯〔Apollonian〕In the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, of or embodying the power of critical reason as opposed to the creative-intuitive.批判推理的：弗雷德里希·尼采哲学中作为直觉创造反面的批判推理能力的，或包括该能力的〔over〕From an upward position to an inverted or reversed position:翻转地，反面地：从上方倒转或相反的位置：〔dinner〕Eating foods such as pizza and ice cream for breakfastmay be justified by the fact that in Middle Englishdinner meant "breakfast,” as did the Old French worddisner, or diner, which was the source of our word. The Old French word came from the Vulgar Latin word.disiūnāre, meaning "to break one's fast;that is, to eat one's first meal,” a notion also contained in our wordbreakfast. The Vulgar Latin word was derived from an earlier word,.disiēiūnāre, the Latin elements of which aredis-, denoting reversal, and iēiūnium, "fast.” Middle Englishdiner not only meant "breakfast" but, echoing usage of the Old French worddiner, more commonly meant "the first big meal of the day, usually eaten between 9a.m. and noon.” Customs change, however,and over the yearswe have let the chief meal become the last meal of the day,by which timewe have broken our fast more than once.早餐吃些如比萨饼及冰淇淋的食物，既可以被中古英语dinner 表示早餐的事实所证实， 也可被该词的词源——古法语词disner 或 diner 证实。 该法语单词出自于通俗拉丁语单词disiunare ， 其意思是“打破禁食后吃的第一餐饭”，同时也含有breakfast 的概念。 通俗拉丁字出自于更早的字disieiunare ， 其拉丁文构成部分是dis- 表示反面和 ieiunium “禁食”。 中古英语diner 不仅指“早饭”， 还模仿了古法语diner 的用法， 一般指“一天中的第一次大餐，常常在上午 9点到中午之间吃”。 然而习惯改变了，许多年以来，我们常常把一天中的最后一顿饭当作主餐，从那时起，我们已不止一次地打破了禁食〔demur〕To voice opposition; object:反对：持反面观点；反对：〔negative〕Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive:反面的，负面的：标记或表现出的特征，如敌意，不被认为是积极的和具建设性的：〔verso〕The back of a coin or medal.反面：小钱币或奖章的反面〔injure〕 Injure can refer to acts that have an adverse effect on health, appearance, prospects, or well-being: injure 可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响： 〔reverse〕The side of a coin or medal that does not carry the principal design; the verso.反面：钱币或奖章未带主要设计的那一面；反面〔unteach〕To teach the opposite or contrary of (something previously taught).教授（先前所教事物）的反面或与之矛盾的东西〔back〕The reverse side, as of a coin.反面：反面，如硬币的反面〔wrong〕Designating the side, as of a garment, that is less finished and not intended to show:反面的：完成得不太好并且不准备展示的指定面，如一件外套的反面：〔dystopia〕A work describing such a place or state:描写反面乌托邦的作品：〔senile〕In earlier writings one finds phrases such as "asenile maturity of judgment" and "green and vigorous senility, ” demonstrating that these two words have not always been burdened with their current negative connotations. Senile and senility are examples of pejoration, the process by which a word's meaning changes for the worse over time.Even thoughsenile (first recorded in 1661) and senility (first recorded in 1778) initially had neutral senses such as "pertaining to old age,” it is probable that the weakness (in particular the mental weakness) that sometimes accompanies old age eventually caused negative senses to predominate.Certainly some pejorative associations were present in Latinsenīlis, "relating to an old man, aged,” the ultimate source of both words, and in related Latin words such assenēscere, which could mean "to deteriorate with age.” But it seems that pejorative associations have taken over these words in English through general usage,perhaps because average life expectancy has risen steadily over the years.在较早的文学作品中人们可以找到形如“判断力Senile（老练） 成熟”和“精力旺盛的有魄力的 Senility（老态龙钟） ”的短语，表明这两个词一直没有表示他们流行的消极的含义。 Senile 和 senility 是词义转贬的范例， 即一个词的意思随时间变化变得越来越坏。尽管senile （首次记载于1661年）和 senility （首次记载于1778年）最初具有中性的意义，例如“关于老年的”， 可能是伴随老年出现的衰弱（特别是智力衰弱）最终导致了反面的意思居支配地位。当然有一些词义转贬的联系表现在拉丁文中的senilis （“关于老人的，老年的”），是这两个词的最早的词源， 和与之相关的拉丁词如senecer ，意为“随年纪恶化”。 但是看起来在英语中通过广泛的使用词义转贬的联系已经取代了这些词，可能是由于平均估计寿命随时代发展稳步上升〔dystopia〕"dystopias such asBrave New World ” (Times Literary Supplement)“反面乌托邦，例如勇敢的新世界 ” (时代文学增刊)〔back〕The part opposite to or behind that adapted for view or use:背面，反面：与看见或使用的部分相反或在其后面的部分：〔peen〕The end of a hammerhead opposite the flat striking surface, often wedge-shaped or ball-shaped and used for chipping, indenting, and metalworking.锤顶：锤头平的打击面反面通常呈楔形或半球形的顶端，用于削、凿和金属加工〔negative〕Something that lacks all positive, affirmative, or encouraging features; an element that is the counterpoint of the positive:消极物：缺乏所有积极的、肯定的或鼓励的因素的事物；积极的反面观点的元素：〔ideal〕"Our fellow countryman is a model of a man" (Charles Dickens).Anexample is a model that is likely to be imitated; the term often refers to something that servesrather as a deterrent or warning than as something to be emulated: “我们的同胞是人类的典范” （查尔斯·狄更斯）。example 一词也是指为人们模仿的； 它往往不是供人们学习的，而是作为反面例子起防止或警告作用的： 〔other〕Opposite or contrary; reverse:相反的：相对的或相反的；反面的：〔litotes〕A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, as inThis is no small problem. 间接肯定法：用有节制的陈述所构成一种修辞手法，即通过否定其反面来表达肯定的意思，例如在这并不是一个小问题 中 〔dystopia〕An imaginary place or state in which the condition of life is extremely bad, as from deprivation, oppression, or terror.反面乌托邦：一个想象中的由于掠夺、压迫或恐怖造成生活条件极差的国家和地区〔prejudice〕An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.See Synonyms at predilection 偏见：未经了解或查明事实而预先所形成的反面的判断或看法 参见 predilection〔underside〕The side that is less desirable, reputable, or noble than the obverse:阴暗面：较之反面令人更不想要的、声望较差的或不够高尚的一面： |
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