| 单词 | 发展 |
| 释义 | 〔acropetal〕Developing or maturing from the base toward the apex, as in those plant organs in which the younger tissues are nearer the apex.向顶的：从基部向顶端发展或成熟的，比如在一些植物的器官中较新生的组织更靠近顶端〔middle〕Middle Of or relating to a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages: Middle 中古的：属于或关于语言或文学发展早期和晚期中间部分的：〔Moniz〕Portuguese neurologist. He shared a 1949 Nobel Prize for the development of prefrontal lobotomy as a radical treament for severe psychoses.莫尼兹，安东尼奥·卡埃塔诺·德·阿布雷乌·弗雷勒·埃加斯：(1874-1955) 葡萄牙神经病学家。因发展前额叶切断手术从而彻底治疗严重精神病而获得1949年诺贝尔奖〔seminary〕A place or environment in which something is developed or nurtured.温床：某物得以发展或养育的场所或环境〔anthropology〕The scientific study of the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings.人类学：关于人类起源，行为及其体质，社会和文化发展的科学研究〔ileus〕from eilein [to squeeze, hold in check] * see wel- 2源自 eilein [压迫，不许发展] * 参见 wel- 2〔breed〕A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinguishable characteristics, especially a group within a species developed by artificial selection and maintained by controlled propagation.属：一群拥有共同祖先和明显特征的有机体，尤指属于同一物种的一群，通过人工选择来发展，通过有控制的繁殖来维持〔unhip〕Not aware of or following the latest fashions or developments.不谙时髦的：不知道或不跟随最近流行式样或发展的〔preventive〕Something that prevents or slows the course of an illness or disease.预防药，预防法，预防措施：预防或延缓病情发展的药品，方法或措施〔greenfield〕A piece of usually semirural property that is undeveloped except for agricultural use, especially one considered as a site for expanding urban development.市郊绿区：一片通常为半乡下的地产，除了当农地使用外均未经开发，尤其是指被认为以扩充都市发展为目的的土地〔Cournand〕French-born American physiologist. He shared a 1956 Nobel Prize for developing new techniques in treating heart disease.库尔南，安德鲁·弗雷德里克：(1895-1988) 法裔美国生理学家。因发展新的治疗心脏技术而获得1956年诺贝尔奖〔psychosocial〕a child's psychosocial development.一个孩子的心理社会发展〔Lawrence〕American merchant and politician who was a central figure in the development of the textile industry in New England and the incorporation of Lawrence, Massachusetts (1853).劳伦斯，艾博特：(1792-1855) 美国商人和政治家，他是新英格兰纺织工业和马萨诸塞州劳伦斯公司（1853年）发展历程中的核心人物〔Fulda〕A city of central Germany south-southeast of Kassel on theFulda River, about 217 km (135 mi) long. The city grew around a Benedictine abbey founded in 744. Population, 55,441. 富尔达：德国中部一城市，位于卡塞尔东南偏南处。濒临流程约217公里（135英里）的富尔达河 ，该城是由744年建的本笃会修道院发展而来。人口55,441 〔civilization〕An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions.文明：人类社会知识、文化和物质发展的高级阶段，标志为艺术和科学上的发展、文字的广泛使用和复杂的政治及社会机构的出现〔Burke〕Irish-born British politician and writer. Famous for his oratory, he pleaded the cause of the American colonists in Parliament and was instrumental in developing the notions of party responsibility and a loyal opposition within the parliamentary system. His major work,Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), voices his opposition to the excesses of the French experience. 伯克，埃德蒙：(1729-1797) 爱尔兰裔的英国政治家和作家。以其演讲而著名，他为国会中的美国殖民者辩护，并且发展了政党责任这一名词的解释，并在国会中与皇室对立。主要作品《关于法国革命的感想》 （1790年），表达了他对法国经历的暴行的反对立场 〔wall〕An ominous indication of the course of future events:凶兆：对于未来事件发展的不祥预示：〔turn〕A movement or development in a particular direction:变化，转向：向特定方向的运动或发展：〔foe〕endemic diseases that were the foe of economic development.成为经济发展大敌的地方病〔Neolithic〕Of or relating to the cultural period beginning around 10,000b.c. in the Middle East and later elsewhere, characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements. 新石器时代的：属于或同始于大约公元前 10,000年中东及后来其它一些地方的文化时期相关的，以农业发展和磨制石具的制作为特征 〔young〕Immature applies to what is not yet fully grown or developed;the term sometimes suggests that someone falls short of an expected level of maturity: Immature 用于未充分成长或发展的人和事；它有时暗示着某人达不到预期的成熟水平： 〔build〕To progress toward a maximum, as of intensity:发展，达到：向最大或最强发展：〔Moissan〕French chemist. He won a 1906 Nobel Prize for isolating fluorine and developing an electric furnace.穆瓦桑，（费迪南德·弗雷德里克）亨利：(1852-1907) 法国化学家。因他离析了氟并发展了电炉而获得1906年的诺贝尔奖〔surroundings〕The external circumstances, conditions, and objects that affect existence and development; the environment.围绕物，周围的事物：周围环境、条件和影响存在和发展的事物；境况〔gradual〕Advancing or progressing by regular or continuous degrees:逐级的，逐步的：规则地或连续地发展或前进的：〔columella〕Any small columnlike structure in various plants and animals, often forming the central axis of development for the organism or an anatomical structure.小柱：植物和动物中的一种小的柱状结构，通常构成有机体发展或解剖架的中轴〔photoperiod〕The duration of an organism's daily exposure to light, considered especially with regard to the effect of the exposure on growth and development.光周期：有机物每天暴露于阳光的时间，着重考虑的是暴露于阳光对生长和发展的影响〔psychopathology〕The study of the origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders.精神病理学：对精神或行为方面的病症的起因、发展和症状的研究〔thrive〕To make steady progress; prosper.繁荣稳定地发展；繁荣〔vitality〕The capacity to live, grow, or develop:生命力：生存、生长或发展的能力：〔Bacon〕English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings includeThe Advancement of Learning (1605) and the Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known as the inductive method. 培根，弗朗西斯：(1561-1626) 英国哲学家、随笔作家、朝臣、法理学家和政治家。其作品包括《论科学的价值和发展》 （1605年）和 《新工具论》 （1620年），在这部著作里他提出了以观察和实验为基础的科学认识理论，作为归纳法理论逐渐为人所知 〔romance〕Abbr. Rom.Of, relating to, or being any of the languages that developed from Latin, the principal ones being Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. Other such languages are Catalan, Provençal, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian, and Ladino.缩写 Rom.罗曼斯语言的：属于、有关或从拉丁语发展而来的一种语言，主要指意大利语、法语、葡萄牙语、罗马尼亚语和西班牙语。它的其它语言还包括加泰罗尼亚语、普罗旺斯语、雷蒂亚-罗马语、撒丁语和拉地诺语〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔come〕To progress or advance in increments:递增：按增额发展或进步：〔evolve〕To develop or achieve gradually:使发展：逐渐发展或完成：〔build〕To develop or give form to according to a plan or process; create:建立，创立：根据计测或进程来发展或构造；创造：〔astrology〕The study of the positions and aspects of celestial bodies in the belief that they have an influence on the course of natural earthly occurrences and human affairs.占星术，占星学：研究天体位置及外观的学术，并相信它们会影响地球上出现的自然现象及人类事务的发展进程〔cappuccino〕The history of the wordcappuccino exemplifies how words can develop new senses because of resemblances that the original coiners of the terms might not have dreamed possible.The Capuchin order of friars, established after 1525,played an important role in bringing Catholicism back to Reformation Europe.Its Italian name came from the long, pointed cowl,orcappuccino, derived fromcappuccio, "hood,” that was worn as part of the order's habit.The French version ofcappuccino was capuchin (now capucin ), from which came EnglishCapuchin. The name of this pious order was later used as the name (first recorded in English in 1785) for a type of monkey with a tuft of black, cowllike hair.In Italiancappuccino went on to develop another sense, "espresso coffee mixed or topped with steamed milk or cream,”so called because the color of the coffee resembled the color of the habit of a Capuchin friar.The first use ofcappuccino in English is recorded in 1948 in a work about San Francisco. cappuccino 一词的历史很好地说明了词语如何可以因一些相似性而发展出新的意思， 而这些词的创造者也许做梦都没想过这些相似性是可能的。嘉布遣会建于1525年后，在将天主教带回经历宗教改革的欧洲的过程中发挥了重要作用。它的意大利语名称来自一种长而尖的蒙斗篷，或称cappuccino， 这个词又来自coppuccio， 意为“风帽”， 蒙头斗篷是这一派修士所穿衣服的一部分。Cappuccino 在法语中成了 capuchin （现在是 capucin ）， 英语中的Capuchin 就来自这个法语词。 这一虔诚教派的名字后来被用来作一种带一撮黑色的、蒙面斗篷似毛发的驴子的名字（于1785年首次用英语记录）。在意大利语中，cappuccino 接着又发展出一个新的意思， 意为“混以或加入煮过的牛奶或奶油的浓别啡，”这样叫是因为这种咖啡的颜色类似于嘉布遣会修士所穿衣服的颜色。Cappuccino 在英语中的第一次使用记载于1948年一本关于旧金山的著作中 〔Houghton〕American publisher who founded (1852) the printing office that became the Houghton Mifflin Company.霍顿，亨利·奥斯卡：(1823-1895) 美国出版商，于1852年创立出版社，后发展成为霍顿·密夫林公司〔Wari〕A pre-Incan empire with links to the contemporaneous civilization at Tiahuanaco, developing around the 10th century in the Peruvian highlands and spreading to encompass more than half of modern-day Peru before collapsing around 1200.瓦里帝国：与同时期的蒂亚瓦讷科文明有关连的前印加帝国，约十世纪在秘鲁高原发展起来，在1200年瓦里帝国瓦解前将大半个今日的秘鲁纳入版图 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。