| 单词 | 发现 |
| 释义 | 〔lest〕tiptoed lest the guard should hear her; anxious lest he become ill.踮起脚趾走路，以免守卫发现她；唯恐他生病而感到焦虑〔stumble〕"The urge to wider voyages . . . caused men to stumble upon New America"(Kenneth Cragg)“扩大航行范围的紧迫要求使人类意外地发现了新美洲”(肯尼思·克拉格)〔read〕"I can read abandonment in a broken door or shattered window"(William H. Gass)“我能够通过破坏门和窗户来发现荒废的遗迹”(威廉H.加斯)〔shard〕A piece of broken pottery, especially one found in an archaeological dig; a potsherd.陶器碎片：一片破碎的陶器块，尤指在考古发掘中发现的；陶器碎片〔discover〕To be the first to find, learn of, or observe.发现，观察到：第一个找到、学会或观察到〔Hemet〕A city of southern California east of Santa Ana. Ancient rock paintings and carvings have been found here. Population, 36,094.赫梅特：美国加利福尼亚南部一座城市，位于圣安娜的东部。在这里发现了古代岩石绘画和雕刻。人口36,094〔Venetic〕An extinct Indo-European language known from short inscriptions in Veneto dating from the sixth to the first centuriesb.c. and possibly belonging to the Italic branch. 凡内提客语：现已消亡的印欧语言，从在威尼托发现的公元前 六至一世纪的简短碑铭中得知该语言的存在，可能属于古意大利语分支 〔Richelieu〕A river of southern Quebec, Canada, flowing about 121 km (75 mi) north from Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence River. Discovered by Samuel de Champlain in 1609, it was an important waterway for early explorers.黎塞留河：加拿大魁北克南部的一条河流，自尚普兰湖到劳伦斯河向北流约121公里(75英里）。它于1609年被塞缪尔德．尚普兰发现，是早期探测者的重要水路〔Davys〕English navigator who explored the Arctic while searching for the Northwest Passage and later sailed to the South Seas. He discovered the Falkland Islands in 1592.戴维斯，约翰：(1550?-1605) 英国航海家，在寻找西北航道时发现了北极，后来又航行到南海地区，他于1592年发现了福克兰群岛〔Rainwater〕American physicist. He shared a 1975 Nobel Prize for discovering the asymmetry of atomic nuclei.雷恩沃特，利（奥）·詹姆斯：(1917-1986) 美国物理学家。1975年因发现原子核的不对称性，获诺贝尔奖〔film〕One indication of the gulf between us and our Victorian predecessorsis that theOxford English Dictionary fascicle containing the word film, published in 1896, does not have the sense "a motion picture.” The one hint of the future to be found among still familiar older senses of the word,such as "a thin skin or membranous coating" or "an abnormal thin coating on the cornea,”is the sense offilm used in photography, a sense referring to a coating of material, such as gelatin,that could substitute for a photographic plate or be used on a plate or on photographic paper.Thus a word that has been with us since Old English times took on this new use,first recorded in 1845,which has since developed and now refers to an art form,a sense first recorded in 1920.我们同我们维多利亚时代祖先之间的巨大隔阂的表现，就是1896年出版的《牛津英语词典》 分册包含的 film 一词没有“电影”这个含义。 在当中发现的对未来的提示仍然同这个词的旧有意思相近，例如“一层薄的皮或覆盖的薄膜”或“角膜上一种不正常的薄的覆盖物”，就是film 用于摄影的含义， 意思指覆盖物，如胶，可以代替感光板或用于感光板上或在相纸之上。因此从古英语时代出现这个新用法开始，这个词已同我们在一起了，在1845年首次被记录，随着时代发展并指一门艺术形式，这个含义于1920年才首次记录〔see〕Even with a magnifying glass I couldn't discern any imperfections in the porcelain.即使有一个放大镜，我也不能发现瓷器上的任何瑕点。〔Salamis〕An ancient city of eastern Cyprus. According to tradition, it was founded c. 1180b.c. by Teucer, a hero of the Trojan War, and was visited by Saint Paul during his first missionary journey. The city was abandoned after a.d. 648. 萨拉米斯：塞浦路斯东部一古城，据说公元前 1180年被特洛伊战争中的英雄图瑟发现，圣保罗在其第一次传教旅程中曾访问此城 公元 648年以后此城被放弃 〔Guillaume〕Swiss physicist. He won a 1920 Nobel Prize for his discovery of a steel-nickel alloy.纪尧姆，查尔斯·爱多艾德：(1861-1938) 瑞士物理学家。他因发现钢镍合金而获1920年诺贝尔奖〔centaury〕from Kentauros [centaur (from the legend that the plant's medicinal properties were discovered by the centaur Chiron)] 源自 Kentauros [半人半马怪物（得名于这种植物的药性由半人半马神喀戎发现的传说）] 〔pathfinder〕One that discovers a new course or way, especially through or into unexplored regions.开拓者，探路者：发现新的路线或路径的人，尤指通往或进入未探索的地区的路径〔Seaborg〕American chemist. He shared a 1951 Nobel Prize for the discovery of plutonium.西博格，格伦·狄奥多尔：(生于 1912) 美国化学家。由于发现了钚元素获得1951年诺贝尔奖〔Stark〕German physicist. He won a 1919 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines when light passes through an electric field.斯塔克，约翰尼斯：(1874-1957) 德国物理学家，他因发现了斯塔克效应，即光通过电场时光谱线分解，而获得1919年诺贝尔奖〔abolish〕Scientists are working to find a serum to eradicate the disease.科学家试图发现一种血清来根治消除这种疾病。〔Schliemann〕German archaeologist who discovered the ruins of ancient Troy (1871) and excavated Mycenae (1876).席理曼，亨利希：(1822-1890) 德国考古学家，曾发现了古代特洛伊城遗址(1871年），并曾挖掘过迈锡尼城(1876年）〔Dubayy〕A city and sheikdom of eastern United Arab Emirates on the Persian Gulf. Oil was discovered here in the 1960s. Population, 906,100杜拜：阿拉伯联合大公国东部的城市和酋长国，临波斯湾。20世纪60年代在此发现石油。人口906,100〔answer〕“ the attempt to answer questions, without first discovering precisely what question it is which you desire to answer ” (G.E. Moore). “试图回答问题，但首先还没有发现你想回答的问题是什么 ” (G·E·摩尔）。 〔andalusite〕A mineral aluminum silicate, Al2SiO 5, usually found in prisms of various colors. 红柱石：一种锌铝矿，Al2SiO 5，常发现于各种颜色的棱柱里 〔labradorite〕A variety of plagioclase feldspar found in igneous rocks and characterized by brilliant colors in some specimens.拉长石：一种斜长岩长石的变体，发现于火成岩中，某些样本中含有丰富绚烂的颜色〔estimate〕appraised his character and found him wanting;分析他的性格发现的他的特点；〔Hobbs〕A city of southeast New Mexico near the Texas border southeast of Roswell. Oil and natural gas were discovered in the area in 1927. Population, 29,115.霍布斯：美国新墨西哥州东南部一城市，临近得克萨斯州边界，位于罗斯威尔城东南部。1927年在此地区发现了石油及天然气。人口29,115〔love〕A deep, tender, ineffable feeling of affection and solicitude toward a person, such as that arising from kinship, recognition of attractive qualities, or a sense of underlying oneness.爱：对某人的一种深切，温柔，无法形容的喜爱或牵挂之情，比如由亲戚关系引起的，对有魅力的品质的发现所引起的，或一种潜伏的同一性引起的〔distinguish〕distinguished the masts of ships on the horizon.在地平线上发现许多船的桅杆〔californite〕After California [where it is found] 源自 California [其发现地] 〔rhabdomancy〕Divination by means of a wand or rod, especially for discovering underground water or ores.棍卜：通过杖或棒的占卜，尤指为发现地下水或矿产〔mammoth〕The mammoth was introduced to the English-speaking world after mammoth skeletons were discovered in Siberia,so it is no surprise that this creature's name is taken from Russian,even though the animal roamed over Eurasia and North America.The Russian word, nowmamant' but formerlymamot as well, was borrowed into English in variant spellings.It was first recorded in 1706in the formMammuth, but in 1763 we find the formmammon. It is said that the Russian word is a borrowing of an Ostyak word (the Ostyak people live in western Siberia),but this has not been proved.猛犸这个词是在西伯利亚发现猛犸骨骼之后才引入英语的，所以这种动物的名称起源于俄语也就不足为奇了，尽管这种动物曾在欧亚大陆和北美到处游荡。俄语中的这个词，现在是mamant' ， 但以前为mamot ， 被引入英文时出现了不同的拼写方法。最早的记载是1706年，其形式是Mammuth， 但在1763年，其形式就变成了mammon。 据说俄语这个词也是源于一个奥斯加克语中一个词（奥斯加克人居住于西伯利亚西部），但这种说法还没有得到证实〔Flattery〕A headland of northwest Washington at the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. It was discovered by Capt. James Cook in 1778.弗拉特里角：美国华盛顿西北部的陆岬，位于胡安·德富卡海峡入口处。由詹姆斯·库克船长于1778年发现〔raid〕The members of an army traveling on a particularroad to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid and road descend from the same Old English word rād. Theai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while theoa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishrād meant "the act of riding" and "the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,”senses that no longer exist for our wordroad. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid with the sense "a military expedition on horseback.”The Scots weren't making all the raids, however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : "aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.”The "Rode" was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的〔miss〕To discover the absence or loss of:发觉…遗失；发现…不在：〔Rayleigh〕British physicist. He won a 1904 Nobel Prize for investigating the density of gases and for discovering argon with Sir William Ramsay.瑞利：英国物理学家。因测定空气密度和与威廉·拉姆齐爵士共同发现氩元素而获1904年诺贝尔奖〔deceptively〕There appears to be a great deal of confusion about the sense ofdeceptively when it is used to modify an adjective. Does the sentenceThe proof is deceptively simple mean that the proof is simpler or more difficult than it appears?The Usage Panel was asked to choose among paraphrases for the sentenceThe pool is deceptively shallow: 50 percent said that it means "The pool is shallower than it appears";32 percent said that it means "The pool is deeper than it appears";and 18 percent found it ambiguous.Thus the writer who used such a sentence in a warning notice could expect that at least half the public would either misinterpret the messageor would be uncertain as to which sense was intended.Where the context does not make the meaning clear,a substitute should be used,asThe pool is shallower than it looks or The proof is simple, despite appearances. 当用deceptively 修饰一形容词时，该词的意思似乎大有令人困惑之处。 The proof is deceptively simple 一句中，是比它看起来更容易的意思呢， 还是比它看起来更难的意思呢?有人曾要求用法专题使用小组的成员对The pool is deceptively shallow 一句的释义进行选择， 百分之五十的成员认为该句意为：“池塘看起来很浅”；百分之三十二的成员认为该句意为：“池塘看起很深”；而百分之十八的成员则认为该句意义含混模糊。因此，把这句话写在警告牌上的作者可能会发现至少有一半的公众不是误解这则信息，就是不能确定这句话的意图究竟是什么。在上下文不能使意义明了的地方，应该换一种表达方式，如这个池塘比它看起来要浅 或 证明很简单，尽管看起来有些难 〔proportion〕"We do not always find visible happiness in proportion to visible virtue"(Samuel Johnson)“我们会发现可见的幸福不一定与可见的美德成比例”(塞缪尔·约翰逊)〔Rutherford〕New Zealand-born British physicist who classified radiation into alpha, beta, and gamma types and discovered the atomic nucleus. He won the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry.卢瑟福，欧内斯特：(1871-1937) 新西兰裔英籍物理学家，把射线划分成α、β和γ三种类型并发现了原子核。获1908年诺贝尔化学奖〔Cook〕British navigator and explorer who commanded three major voyages of discovery, charting and naming many islands of the Pacific Ocean. He also sailed along the coast of North America as far north as the Bering Strait.库克，詹姆斯：(1728-1779) 英国航海家和探险家，曾三次率领地理发现大航行，并为太平洋中许多岛屿绘图并命名，他还曾沿北美洲海岸向北航行直至白令海峡〔McClintock〕American genetic botanist. She won a 1983 Nobel Prize for discovering that genes are mobile within the chromosomes of a plant cell.麦克林托克，芭芭拉：(生于 1902) 美国遗传植物学家，她因发现基因存活于植物细胞的染色体内而获得1983年诺贝尔奖 |
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