| 单词 | 发芽 |
| 释义 | 〔gemmate〕From Latin gemmātus [past participle of] gemmāre [to bud] 源自 拉丁语 gemmātus gemmāre的过去分词 [发芽] 〔viviparous〕Germinating or producing seeds that germinate before becoming detached from the parent plant, as in the mangrove.胎萌的：在从母体植物分离出来之前即发芽或产生种子的，如红树林〔shoot〕To put forth new growth; germinate.发芽：长出新的东西；发芽〔celandine〕from khelidōn [swallow (from the association by ancient writers of the blossoming of the plant with the return of the swallows in spring)] * see ghel- 1源自 khelidōn [燕子（因古代作家认为春天的燕归与植物的生根发芽之间的联系而得名）] * 参见 ghel- 1〔bright〕"its tranquil streets, bathed in the lambent green of budding trees" (James C. McKinley). “那安宁的街道，沐浴在树木发芽的新绿当中” （詹姆斯C·麦金利）。〔stonecrop〕cropp [cluster, sprout] cropp [一簇，发芽] 〔shoot〕The young growth arising from a germinating seed; a sprout.新牙：从一颗刚刚发芽的种子长出的幼小的生长物；新牙〔hotbed〕A glass-covered bed of soil heated with fermenting manure or by electricity, used for the germination of seeds or for protecting tender plants.温床：有草覆盖的土层，通过发酵肥料或通电加热，用于种子的发芽或保护植物幼苗〔viable〕Capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions.能居的：在良好的状态下能够存活、发展或发芽的〔burgeon〕Burgeon has gained greater acceptance in recent years in its use to mean not just "to put forth buds" but more generally "to grow and flourish.” In 1969 only 49 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the phrasethe burgeoning population of Queens ; in our most recent survey 74 percent accepted the same phrase.However, it should be noted that in this useburgeon is more acceptable when it takes the form of the present participle. Only 29 percent of the current Panel accepts the sentence News programs are less expensive to produce than entertainment series, and the public's appetite for them has burgeoned. Burgeon 一词近年来有了更广泛地使用，它不仅用来表示“生长发芽”更普遍地用作“生长并繁茂”。 1969年只有百分之四十九的用法专题使用小组成员承认短语the burgeoning population of Queens（女王时代的人口膨胀） ； 在最近的调查中对同一短语有百分之七十四的人接受。然而，值得注意的是，当burgean 一词在以现在分词形式被使用时，其更能被接受。 仅有百分之二十九的现有小组成员接受如下句子 新闻节目的制造要比一系列的娱乐活动经济实惠，并且公众对此的口味也已急速发展起来 〔burgeon〕To put forth new buds, leaves, or greenery; sprout.发芽：长出新芽、叶子或绿叶；长出〔couch〕The frame or floor on which grain, usually barley, is spread in malting.麦芽床：框架或地板，在上面播撒谷物以使其发芽，通常是大麦〔stock〕To put forth or sprout new shoots. Used of a plant.发新芽：发芽或出新芽。用于植物〔zooid〕An independent animallike organism produced asexually, as by budding or fission.个体：通过发芽或分裂而无性生殖的类似动物的独立有机生物体〔clone〕An organism descended asexually from a single ancestor, such as a plant produced by layering or a polyp produced by budding.无性生殖的有机物：由单细胞无性生殖的有机物，例如经压植培育的植物或经发芽生成的水螅〔yeast〕Any of various unicellular fungi of the genusSaccharomyces, especially S. cerevisiae, reproducing by budding and from ascospores and capable of fermenting carbohydrates. 酵母菌：一种酵母菌 属的单细胞真菌，尤指 S.cerevisiae ，通过发芽和从子囊孢子生殖，能够发酵成碳水化合物 〔sporeling〕A young plant produced by a germinated spore.孢子苗：由发芽孢子生成的幼小植物〔sprout〕To begin to grow; give off shoots or buds.发芽，抽芽，抽条：开始生长；长出小枝或小芽〔leavening〕An agent that causes rising, fermentation, or ferment; leaven.See Synonyms at catalyst 发酵剂：导致突起、发芽或发酵的制剂；发酵剂 参见 catalyst〔thallus〕from thallein [to sprout] 源自 thallein [发芽] 〔diastase〕An amylase or a mixture of amylases that converts starch to maltose, found in certain germinating grains such as malt.淀粉酶：一种把淀粉或麦芽糖的淀粉酶或淀粉酶的混合物，可在某些发芽的谷物比如麦芽中找到〔couch〕A layer of grain, usually barley, spread to germinate.一层麦粒：播撒在麦芽床上来使之发芽的一层麦粒，通常是大麦〔sterilize〕To make incapable of bearing fruit or germinating.使不能结果实或发芽〔take〕To start growing; root or germinate:开始生长；扎根或发芽：〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔prothallus〕Greek thallos [shoot] from thallein [to sprout] 希腊语 thallos [芽] 源自 thallein [发芽] 〔couch〕To spread (grain) on a couch to germinate, as in malting.播撒谷物使发芽：在麦芽床上播撒（谷物）以使之发芽，例如酿酒时〔spring〕The season of the year, occurring between winter and summer, during which the weather becomes warmer and plants revive, extending in the Northern Hemisphere from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice and popularly considered to comprise March, April, and May.春季：一年中在冬天与夏天之间的一个季节，此时天气渐暖、植物发芽，从春分到夏至日在北半球为春，一般认为应包括三、四、五月〔ratoon〕from retoñar [to sprout] 源自 retoñar [发芽] 〔bud〕a plant that buds in early spring.在早春发芽的植物〔malt〕Grain, usually barley, that has been allowed to sprout, used chiefly in brewing and distilling.麦芽：能够发芽生长的各类谷物，常指大麦，主要用于酿酒和蒸馏造酒〔pullulate〕To put forth sprouts or buds; germinate.发出嫩芽或花蕾；发芽 |
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